Subjunctive

Mood1/25

虛擬語氣主要內(nèi)容一、非真實條件句（if等）中虛擬語氣時態(tài)一致

2.混合條件句3.含蓄條件句4.倒裝句5.Ifonly感嘆二、名詞性從句虛擬語氣：賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句三、幾個特殊虛擬語氣句式wish、asif/though、wouldrather、It’stime…It’snecessary/strange/natural/inportant+that從句2/25陳說語氣

陳說事實或提出看法,有必定,否定,疑問或感嘆等形式Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.

Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使語氣請求,邀請,命令,警告或勸說等

Let’sgo.

Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.語氣分類3/25虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一個特殊動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說話不是一個事實，而是一個假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人愿望、要求、命令、提議等(在賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣概念4/25虛擬語氣一、在條件從句中(叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實相反條件。分三種情況(以do為例)：虛擬語氣在在條件從句中表示與事實情況相反條件從句謂語形式主句謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況過去式(did)(be慣用were)Would/could/might/should(用于第1人稱)+動詞原形(do)表示過去情況過去完成式(had+done)Would/could/might/should+havedone表示未來情況①過去式(did)/(were)②should+do③weretodoWould/could/might/should+do5/25虛擬語氣3、省略if條件從句當從句中有were,had

或should

時，可省略if，而把它們放在句首。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.

WereItomeethimtomorrow,…Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Shouldhefailintheexperiment…

Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.虛擬語氣在在條件從句中Hadyoucomeafew….6/252.含蓄條件句有時假設(shè)情況并不以條件從句表示出來,二是暗含在上下文中,比如經(jīng)過介詞短語來表示。這些介詞常是：butfor,without,otherwise等。如：

Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.假如不是聽了你提議，我就不會做如此成功。Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.沒有開放政策，就不會有如此大改變。Iwassobusythen,Otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.我當初很忙，不然，我就會把答案告訴他。7/253.

名詞性從句虛擬語氣。主要是表示命令、要求、提議虛擬語氣。賓語從句。常見動詞：一個堅持：insist兩個命令：order,command

四個提議：advise,suggest,propose,recommend六個要求：demand,require,request,desire,ask,urge

這些動詞后面賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣使用方法。即從句中動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。8/25我們提議Tom去休息一下。他果斷要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。WesuggestedthatTom

have

arest.HeinsistedthatI

(should)be

present.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners

bekilled

thenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe

(should)send

themtoworkthere.9/25虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中

注意:insist/suggest各有兩意思，要用不一樣語氣①表“果斷要求”,虛擬,should+do;②表“堅稱,堅持說”,陳說語氣,表事實。①表“提議”，虛擬,should+do;②表“表明、暗示”，用陳說語氣。Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________moreafterclass.（我們課后多練習(xí)）Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe________happyHeinsistedthatallofus___________thereontimebyanymeans.（我們大家想盡方法按時去那兒）Heinsistedthathe_____________thewallet(沒有偷錢包).insistsuggest(should)practisewasshouldbeHadn’tstolen10/25以上動詞對應(yīng)名詞組成名詞性從句包含主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中動詞形式一樣。即：(should)＋V.

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire11/25It’ssuggestedthattheplan

becarriedout.Mydemandisthatshe

shouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory

shouldbe

closeddown.12/25二：虛擬語氣特殊句型：wish

賓語從句現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時（did/were）過去完成時would/could/might+V.shouldIwishIwereabird.（現(xiàn)在）IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（過去）Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.

（未來）asif,asthough引發(fā)從句，其使用方法同wish組成賓語從句一樣Asif/though和wish使用方法相同13/25Helooksasifheweredrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.

Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberedthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.14/252.wouldrather(that)現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.

Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucame

tomorrow.過去時過去時過去完成時15/253.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+V.過去時你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(Should不可省略)16/254.

It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause

從句中動詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動詞原形Itisimportantthatwe

(should)master

aforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe

refuse

tocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatwe

shouldstudy

hard.17/255.Ifonly…要是就好了

IfonlyI

knew

hisname!

Ifonlywe

hadfollowed

youradvice!!

IfonlyI

couldsee

himagain!要是我們父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!18/253、含蓄條件句有時假設(shè)情況并不以條件從句表示出來,二是暗含在上下文中,比如經(jīng)過介詞短語來表示。這些介詞常是：butfor,without,otherwise等。如：

Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.假如不是聽了你提議，我就不會做如此成功。Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.沒有開放政策，就不會有如此大改變。Iwassobusythen,Otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.我當初很忙，不然，我就會把答案告訴他。19/252、錯綜時間虛擬句通常情況下,在非真實條件句中主句和從句謂語動詞所指時間是一致,但有時也可能指不一樣時間,這時要依據(jù)上下文意思采取不一樣謂語動詞形式.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(從句指現(xiàn)在,主句指過去)。2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(從句指過去,主句指現(xiàn)在)。3.Ifwehadn’tbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears,thingswouldn’tbegoingsosmoothly.（從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。4.Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.（從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。5.Ifwehadnotgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingamoreterribletimetomorrow.（從句指現(xiàn)在，主句指未來）

20/25虛擬語氣Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.—Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.—Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe________thatdrug.A.nottake

B.hadn’ttakenC.didn’ttake

D.shouldn’thavetakenExercises21/25虛擬語氣3.IfonlyI___tomyparents!(ButIdidn’t.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn___thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus___totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone22/25虛擬語氣6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得飽),thoughh