PAGEPAGE1閱讀理解(一)輔導(dǎo)的益處+書籍與成長+機器人寵物A[2019·通州一模]Haveyoueverhelpedyoungerchildrenwiththeirreading,writingormaths?Doyouthinkithelpfulforyourself?AccordingtoastudyintheUS,studenttutoring(輔導(dǎo))winseasilyovercomputerizedinstruction.NowtheideaisspreadinginBritain.Throughoutthisterm,agroupof14-year-oldteenagersatTrinityComprehensiveSchoolspendanhouraweekhelpingchildrenatanearbyprimaryschoolwiththeirreading.Alltheteenagetutorshavesomelessonswhichhelpthemtocatchupwiththeirclassmatesatschool.Althoughtheirintelligence(智力)isaroundaverage(平均),theyhavefallenbehindonreading,writingandmaths.JeanBond,fromWarwickUniversity,saysthatthemainbenefitoftutoringisthatithelpsbuilduptheteenagetutors’self-esteem(自尊).“Theyoungerchildrencomerushingupeverytimeandwelcomethem.Itmakestheteenagetutorsfeelimportant.However,innormalschoollessons,theyoftenfeelunabletodealwiththeirschoolwork.Theteenagetutorsneedpracticeinreading,butiftheyhavetodoitintheirownclasses,theywouldsayitisforkidsandtheygetembarrassed(尷尬的)whenevertheyhavetodoit.Theyarestruggling(掙扎)atschoolthemselves,sowhentheyoungeronescan’tlearn,theyknowexactlywhy.”Theteenagetutors’ownreadinghasimprovedasaresultofreadingstoriesaloudtotheyoungerchildren.Theirviewofeducationischanged.Theyhavebecomemoresympathetic(贊同的)totheirownteachers’difficultiesbecausetheyarefrustrated(沮喪的)themselveswhentheyoungerchildrenbehaveinasillyway.Theyoungerchildrengetspecialattentionfromtheirpatienttutorsandtheyspeakwarmlyofthem.“Hedoesn’tshoutlikeourteachers,”sayseight-year-oldJenny.Yet,hertutorJackseeshimselfasastrictteacher.Inthesevenweeksoftheexperimenttheteenagetutorshaveimprovedtheirreadingandhavereceivedmorerecognitionandfeelingsofworththanbefore.Theyoungerchildrenhavemadegreatprogressinreadingskillsbytheendoftheexperiment.1.AccordingtoJeanBond,tutoringmakestheteenagetutors. ()

A.getembarrassedeasily B.failtodealwithschoolworkC.feelgoodofthemselves D.knowwhytheycan’tlearn2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? ()A.StudenttutoringfirststartedatschoolsinBritain.B.Theteenagetutorsareweakintheirownstudiesatschool.C.Theyoungerchildrenthinktheteenagetutorsarestrictwiththem.D.Theexperimenthelpstheyoungerchildrenunderstandtheirteachersbetter.3.Thewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageistotell. ()

A.self-esteemisthekeytoone’ssuccessB.childrenshouldgetspecialattentionC.thepurposeofeducationischangedD.teachingisagoodwaytolearnB[2019·西城二模]Researchhasalreadysuggestedthatopeningabookmayhelpimprovebrainfunctionandreducestress.Now,ateamledbyJoannaSikoraoftheAustralianNationalUniversityislookingintothebenefitsofgrowinguparoundabook-filledenvironment;theresearchers’newstudysuggeststhathomeswithlibrariescanarmchildrenwithskillsthatlastwellintoadulthood.Thestudylookedatdatafrom160,000adultsfrom31countries,includingtheUnitedStates,Australia,TurkeyandChile.Participants(參與者)filledoutsurveyswiththeProgrammefortheInternationalAssessmentofCompetencies,whichmeasuresproficiency(水平)inthreeareas:literacy(讀寫能力),numeracyandinformationcommunicationtechnology.People,25to65yearsold,wereaskedtotellhowmanybookswereintheirhousewhentheywere16yearsold.Theresearchteamwasinterestedinthisquestionbecausehomelibrarysizecanbeagoodsignof“book-orientedsocialization”.Participantswereabletochoosefromagivenrangeofbooksthatincludedeverythingfrom“10orless”to“morethan500”.Thesurveys,whichweretakenbetween2011and2015,showedthattheaverage(平均的)numberofbooksinparticipants’childhoodhomeswas115,butthatnumbervariedwidelyfromcountrytocountry.TheaveragelibrarysizeinNorwaywas212books,forexample;inTurkey,itwas27.Inall,however,itseemedthatmorebooksinthehomewerelinkedtohigherproficiencyintheareastestedbythesurvey.Theeffectsweremostmarkedwhenitcametoliteracy.Growingupwithfewbooksinthehomeresultedinbelowaverageliteracylevels.Beingsurroundedby80booksraisedthelevelstoaverage,andliteracycontinuedtoimproveuntillibrariesreachedabout350books,atwhichpointtheliteracyratesleveledoff.Theresearcherssawsimilarthingswhenitcametonumeracy;theeffectswerenotaspronouncedwithinformationcommunicationtechnologytests,butskillsdidimprovewithincreasednumbersofbooks.

So,whatdoesthenewstudytellus?Forexample,anadultwhogrewupwithhardlyanybooksinthehome,butwentontogetauniversitydegreecomparedtoanadultwhogrewupwithalargehomelibrary,butonlyhadnineyearsofschooling.Thestudyfoundthatbothoftheirliteracylevelswerealmostthesame.“So,literacy-wise,bookishchildhoodmakesupforagooddealofeducationaladvantage,”thestudyauthorswrite.Furtherresearchisneededtodecideexactlywhyexposureto(接觸)booksinchildhoodencouragesvaluableskillslaterinlife,butthestudyoffersfurtherevidencetosuggestthatreadinghasapowerfuleffectonthemind.Andhomelibrarysizemightbeimportantbecause,astheresearchersnote,“Childrenemulate(模仿)parentswhoread.”4.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout. ()

A.whatthestudyfoundoutB.howthestudywascarriedoutC.whowereinvitedtotheresearchD.whytheresearchersdidthestudy5.Thephrase“l(fā)eveledoff”inParagraph4probablymeans“”. ()

A.backedtoaverage B.startedfallingC.continuedtogrow D.stoppedrising6.TheexampleinParagraph5shows. ()

A.thedisadvantageofhavinglittleschooleducationB.theeffectofhavingahomelibraryinchildhoodC.thenecessityofraisingpeople’sliteracylevelD.theimportanceofgettingauniversitydegree7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? ()A.Thestudyexplainedwhybookishchildhoodencouragedvaluableskills.B.Adultsbenefitmorefromahomelibrarythanchildren.C.Homelibrarysizehaslittletodowithnumeracylevel.D.Parentswholovereadingbenefitchildrenalot.C[2019·西城二模]

RoboticPetsIamgoingtopredicthowpeoplearegoingtobewithfuturetechnologyintheirlife.Ithinkroboticpetsaregoingtobeincreasinglypopularasthetechnologydevelops.AtleastIamgoingtobuildwhatIthinkisastrongcaseforthisprediction.Fromaneurologicalpointofview,Idonotseeanythinginthewaytopeoplebonding(建立互信關(guān)系)fullywithroboticpets.Thehumanbraincanattach(賦予)emotionstothingsandrespondtoemotionalsignaling.Beingaliveissimplynotrequired.Fromhowobjectsmove,ourbrainsinferthattheyareabletoactwiththeirownwillandpurpose.Iftheymoveinawaythatcannotbeexplainedsimplyaspassive(被動的)movement,thentheymustbemovingontheirown.Therefore,theycanconnecttotheemotionalcentersinourbrains.Weeitherfearthem,orlovethem,orhungerforthem,orwhatever.Wecanrespondemotionallywithcartooncreatures,withanimals,andyes,evenwithrobots.Ourbrainstreatthingsthatactaliveasiftheyarealive—nodifferent.Oneoftheoppositepointsthatpeopleoftenbringupisthattheylovethewaytheirpetsbehave,notjustlook.ThisgetstoAI,whichhasbeendevelopingatafastpace.WehaveAIthatcanbeatworldmastersinchessandgo.IhavenodoubtwecanbuildAItomimic(模仿)thebehaviorofdogsandcats,ifnotnowthenprobablywithinageneration.Sowewillhavenoproblemfullyemotionallybondingwitharoboticpet.Butthisdoesn’tmeanwewouldprefersuchapet.Oneargumentagainstroboticpetsisthattheywillbeexpensivecomparedtoalivepet—butthisislikelynottobetrueforever.Livingpetsneedtobefed,andtheyneedatleastbasicmedicalcare,andtheymayneedtobeboardedattimes.Also,peoplespendhundredsofdollarsonpets,orthousandsofdollarsonpurebredspecies.Roboticpetswillfinallycostlessintotalthanbiologicalones.Butlet’sgettotherealreasonpeoplewillpreferroboticpetsatlast.Thepossibilitiesforbuildinginusefultechnologyareendless.Anadvancedroboticpetcouldalsoserveasadefensiveandalarmsystem.Youcouldrechargeyourcellphoneofftheirbatteries.Theycouldbeawalkingcellphone.Theywouldbeexcellentcompanionsfortheelder,affordingthemmoreindependenceforlonger.Thisinitselfwouldbeahugecostsaving—anythingthatkeepspeopleoutofanursinghomeiscosteffective.Imaginationisreallytheonlylimitation,onceyouhavethebasicsofaworkingrobot.Whenthetechnologycrossesacertainlimit,thiswillbeathing.Futuregenerationsmayconsiderkeepingalivinganimalinyourhomeasprimitive(原始的)andcruel.Theymayhaveapoint.8.Whycanwebondfullywithroboticpets? ()A.Theycanrespondtoourreactions.B.Theycanmoveactivelyandfreely.C.Ourbrainscantreatthingsdifferently.D.Ourbrainscanattachemotionstothem.9.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat. ()

A.roboticpetswillbecosteffectiveinthefutureB.presentAIcanmimicallthebehavioroflivepetsC.t