題型一選擇型閱讀河南中考選擇型閱讀理解設(shè)題角度多樣,包括細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、

詞義猜測(cè)題、主旨大意題。題型一

細(xì)節(jié)理解題1.題型特點(diǎn)這類題在閱讀理解中所占比例較大。它常常針對(duì)文章中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提

問,即針對(duì)(w)h-問題,如用when,where,why,how,who,which,what等進(jìn)行提問,目的

在于測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)說明文章中心思想的支撐事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題型解讀題主要分為是非判斷題、填空題和多項(xiàng)選擇題。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要的設(shè)問方式①Whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?②Whichofthefollowingismentioned/notmentionedinthepassage?③Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.④Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?⑤Whichofthefollowingshows/givestherightrelationship/positionof...?⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...?3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧所謂“事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)”,是指在閱讀理解的短文中客觀存在的事實(shí)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的

答案一般都可以在原文中找到。一般來(lái)說,應(yīng)在短文中找出相關(guān)信息的位置,確

定試題測(cè)試的考點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然,有的試題還得對(duì)原文所提供的事實(shí)進(jìn)行一定的分析

比較,才能做出正確的選擇。(1)搜尋直接答案的閱讀技巧先閱讀所給問題,判斷其是否適合采用直接搜尋的閱讀方法。如果所提問題是

文章中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容(即直接性答案),就可直接搜尋答案。(2)搜尋間接答案的閱讀技巧①閱讀文章所給問題,判斷哪些題目可以依靠通讀來(lái)解決。比如概括文章主題,給無(wú)標(biāo)題文章選標(biāo)題,指出作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖等的題目就需要依靠通讀來(lái)解

決。②用較短的時(shí)間大體上瀏覽一下閱讀材料,注意文章有可能涉及什么內(nèi)容,屬于

什么體裁風(fēng)格以及文章安排的大體輪廓等。③從頭到尾閱讀一遍。一般來(lái)說,第一段或前幾句包含作者的基本思想和下文

的發(fā)展線索,它是全文展開的基礎(chǔ),為下文發(fā)展搭建了理論框架。認(rèn)真閱讀第一

段或文章的前幾句,盡量抓住其中的主要情節(jié)和論點(diǎn),把握全文發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)。④運(yùn)用其他段落的開頭句和結(jié)尾句。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),英語(yǔ)闡述性文章中有60%~90%的

段落的開頭為主題句,表達(dá)出該段的主題思想,有時(shí)開頭句主題思想不明確,結(jié)尾句則很可能提出。從段落的開頭句和結(jié)尾句中常常能很快地找到段落的主

題。⑤發(fā)揮結(jié)尾段的作用。多數(shù)文章的結(jié)尾段具有特殊意義。作者一般在結(jié)尾段

對(duì)前幾段做總結(jié)、下結(jié)論,表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)。結(jié)尾段一般與開頭段(句)

相呼應(yīng),將文章的首段(句)和結(jié)尾聯(lián)系起來(lái),往往可以有效地把握全文的中心思

想。題型二

推理判斷題1.題型特點(diǎn)推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章言外之意的理解。這種題目有一定的難度,往

往不能直接從文中找到答案,而必須根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ?/p>

章進(jìn)行深層理解后,才能找到答案。有時(shí)甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等弦

外之音、文外之意加以推理,獲取作者在文章中沒有直接表述出來(lái)的態(tài)度、觀

點(diǎn)等。這種類型的題主要有三種形式:語(yǔ)意推理題、結(jié)論推理題和出處推理

題。語(yǔ)意推理題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章、段落或句子的表層信息推斷出深層含義,

比如推斷文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;結(jié)論推理題和出處推理題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章中所列舉的事實(shí)推斷出符合邏輯的結(jié)論或文章的出處。2.推理判斷題主要的設(shè)問方式①Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat...②Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnaccordingtothepassage?③Thewritersuggeststhat...④Thewriterusestheexampleof...toshowthat...⑤What'sthewriter'sattitudetoward...?⑥What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthepassage?⑦Fromthepassage,weknow...⑧Thewriterprobablyagreesthat...3.推理判斷題的解題技巧中考的閱讀理解不僅要求考生讀懂短文中的每個(gè)句子,而且還要求考生能理解

句子之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。有的試題要求根據(jù)中學(xué)生必須具有的常識(shí),對(duì)所讀的短

文進(jìn)行一定程度的推斷;有的試題還要求了解其內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系,從而對(duì)所讀的

內(nèi)容形成較深層的理解。一般來(lái)說,這類問題都不可能直接從原文中找到答案,

必須根據(jù)原文提供的有關(guān)信息,進(jìn)行合理的推斷才能回答。完成推理判斷題,通

常應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn):(1)特別留心特定細(xì)節(jié)所謂“特定細(xì)節(jié)”,就是問題所涉及的范圍和對(duì)象中的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。它一般包括

事實(shí)根據(jù)、名字(人物或地點(diǎn))、數(shù)字(日期或統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字)、關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的其他表達(dá)

方法(同義詞、近義詞、反義詞)等。(2)注意作者的語(yǔ)氣和態(tài)度作者的語(yǔ)氣和態(tài)度通常體現(xiàn)在短文所使用的措辭和句式上。要特別注意感情

色彩比較濃重的形容詞和副詞,特別留心短文句子的長(zhǎng)度和結(jié)構(gòu)。從措辭上我

們可以推斷出作者對(duì)所討論話題的態(tài)度(肯定或否定,贊成或反對(duì),褒揚(yáng)或諷刺,

喜好或厭惡等);從句式的長(zhǎng)短和結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷出作者討論問題的語(yǔ)氣(鄭重其

事還是輕松活潑,實(shí)事求是還是夸大其詞,真摯熱誠(chéng)還是冷嘲熱諷等)。題型三

詞義猜測(cè)題1.題型特點(diǎn)這類題型旨在考查學(xué)生利用上下文對(duì)詞、詞組以及句子的辨別能力。利用上

下文猜測(cè)詞義是閱讀理解的基本技巧之一,也是我們學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的主要方法。在

閱讀過程中,有些同學(xué)一遇到生僻詞語(yǔ)就查詞典,這是不可取的。一遇到生僻詞

語(yǔ)就查閱詞典不但會(huì)使我們養(yǎng)成依賴詞典的習(xí)慣,而且還會(huì)影響閱讀速度。我

們閱讀漢語(yǔ)文章時(shí)遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞語(yǔ)是否都查詞典呢?答案是否定的。可是我

們?nèi)绾卫斫馑鼈兊哪?利用上下文提示猜測(cè)詞義就是訣竅。詞義猜測(cè)題的類型主要有三種:熟詞新義要求學(xué)生在某一特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中推斷某一多義詞的正確意思;生詞釋義要求學(xué)生根據(jù)范圍較小的上下文推斷出詞

義;難句釋義要求學(xué)生根據(jù)范圍稍大的上下文推斷句意。2.詞義猜測(cè)題主要的設(shè)問方式①What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase...inChinese?②Theunderlinedword...refersto/probablymeans...③Theunderlinedword...couldbereplacedby...④Whatisthemeaningof...⑤Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword...?3.詞義猜測(cè)題的解題技巧(1)通過因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義通過因果關(guān)系猜詞,首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后才能猜詞。

有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore

等)表示因果關(guān)系。例Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.解析通過第二個(gè)for連接的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò)),可猜出blame的

詞義是“責(zé)備”。(2)通過同義詞和同義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義在文章中,有時(shí)作者為避免重復(fù),或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一事物的不同種類,使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下,我們就可以利用同義詞、近義詞的關(guān)系由熟悉的詞

語(yǔ)推測(cè)不熟悉詞語(yǔ)的含義。通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happyandgay,即使

我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞,也可以知道它是“愉快的”的意思;二是看在進(jìn)一步解

釋的過程中使用的同義詞。例ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththe

helpofspaceships.解析此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道

planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于“行星”這一領(lǐng)域。(3)通過反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義有時(shí)作者為了說明相反的兩件事或人,使用了一些反義詞或表示反義關(guān)系的詞

語(yǔ)來(lái)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,我們可以利用已知單詞推測(cè)未知單詞的詞義。通過反義詞猜詞,一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是

看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語(yǔ)。例Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.解析根據(jù)“notatallashandsome...”我們不難推測(cè)出homely是“不英俊的,

不漂亮的”的意思。(4)通過構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義在閱讀文章時(shí),我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯,有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來(lái)推斷其詞義,

而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用,此時(shí),如果掌握了一些常用的詞

根、前綴、后綴等構(gòu)詞法知識(shí),這些問題便不難解決了。(5)通過定義或釋義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義定義或解釋形式多樣,常由is,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,call,mean,beconsidered

tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent,signify等詞匯或破折號(hào)來(lái)表

示。作者為了更好地表達(dá)思想,在文章中對(duì)一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語(yǔ)或詞

匯等進(jìn)行解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對(duì)性,利用它們猜詞義比較

容易。如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義,理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。例

Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,or

drought.解析由上述例句可知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期,即drought,由此

可見drought的意思是“久旱,旱災(zāi)”。而adryperiod和drought是同義詞。這種

同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,thatis,inotherwords,becalled或破折號(hào)等來(lái)表示。(6)通過舉例來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測(cè)生詞的重要線索。例

Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.解析pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來(lái)

判斷它們大概的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是

同類關(guān)系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,準(zhǔn)確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。(7)通過描述猜測(cè)詞義描述即作者為幫助讀者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出

的描寫。例

ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksina

funnyway.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.解析從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類,即企鵝。后

面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。(8)根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義①有些單詞并不能直接猜測(cè)出其詞義,但可以根據(jù)上下文的提示猜測(cè)出其詞

義。例

OneofthethingsIalwaysbelieveisthatnomatterhowbadsomethingis,you

cantakesomethingpositiveoutofit.Itwasn'tuntilafewweeksafterSeptember11thatIbegantoseethatperhaps

somegooddidcomefromthistragedy.Theword“positive”inthepassageprobablymeans

.A.terribleB.badC.goodD.real解析根據(jù)上文“我一直認(rèn)為不管世間的事物有多么糟,你還是能發(fā)現(xiàn)它積極

的一面?！币虼舜鸢笧镃。②在句子或段落中,若事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)

系推知生詞詞義。例

Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout,heisallwet.Idon'tliketobewithhim.Theunderlinedphrase“allwet”means

.A.drunkB.sweatingC.happyD.wrong解析

根據(jù)下文“我不喜歡跟他在一起”可知,他如果認(rèn)為能約我出去,那就

“錯(cuò)了”。因此D是正確答案。(9)根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義有時(shí),我們利用自己的生活常識(shí),便可知道生詞的含義。例Adeaf-and-dumbguywentintoahardwarestoretoaskforsomenails.從句子意思可知他想買釘子,那么賣釘子的商店無(wú)疑是五金店。(10)利用單詞的發(fā)音進(jìn)行推測(cè)英語(yǔ)中有些單詞來(lái)自漢語(yǔ),與漢語(yǔ)的發(fā)音有些相似,另外也有一些單詞譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)采用音譯,如:sofa(沙發(fā)),coffee(咖啡),typhoon(臺(tái)風(fēng)),aspirin(阿司匹林),nylon

(尼龍)等。因此,利用單詞的發(fā)音也是一種猜測(cè)詞義的方法。例

TheOlympicGamesbeganinthe5thcenturyBC.OnedayitwasrevealedthatMrsMorelhadcancerandwasbeyondanyhelpexcept

thatofmorphine.上面這兩個(gè)句子中畫線的兩個(gè)詞,只要我們能準(zhǔn)確發(fā)音,就能知道它們的意思是

“奧林匹克”和“嗎啡”。題型四

主旨大意題1.題型特點(diǎn)要求在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評(píng)價(jià)。解答這種題

型時(shí),不能只憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)而斷章取義,比如涉及文章的標(biāo)題(title)、主題

(mainidea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)、結(jié)局(end)等有關(guān)問題,都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基

礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、背景知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷,從而挖

掘出文章中隱含的信息。2.主旨大意題主要的設(shè)問方式①What'sthemainideaofthispassage?②Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?③Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?④Thewritermeanstotellusthat

.⑤Themainideaofthepassageisthat

.⑥Thepassageismainlyabout

.⑦Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat

.⑧Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith

.⑨What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?⑩Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

Thebesttitleforthepassageis

.3.主旨大意題的解題技巧(1)留心關(guān)鍵詞,抓住文章主旨;串聯(lián)主要細(xì)節(jié),推斷文章中心思想。所謂關(guān)鍵詞,

即文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的、與主題有關(guān)的實(shí)詞,如名詞、動(dòng)詞等。冠詞或介詞等虛

詞均不在關(guān)鍵詞之列。需要注意的是,為了避免同一詞的過多重復(fù),文章有時(shí)會(huì)

使用這個(gè)詞的同義詞、近義詞,或用代詞指代。我們知道,并不是所有文章都包

含明確的主題句,比如大多數(shù)記敘文。記敘文的中心思想多隱藏在具體的細(xì)節(jié)

中,作者通過眾多的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)對(duì)一個(gè)中心點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論述。因此,我們必須善于串聯(lián)

主要細(xì)節(jié),從中歸納文章的中心思想。(2)注意段落主題句,歸納文章大意。段落的主題通常由被稱為主題句(TopicSentence)的句子來(lái)表示。主題句有兩

個(gè)功能:①介紹段落的主題(Topic);②闡述控制概念(ControllingIdea),控制概念

用以控制段落中句子討論的內(nèi)容。主題句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶爾在一段中間。我們?cè)陂喿x非故事

性文章(如科普文章)的時(shí)候,主題句尤為明顯。有的文章無(wú)明顯的主題句,主題

句隱含在段意之中。①主題句位于段首主題句位于段首是由作者先立論,后擺事實(shí)講道理的寫作手法形成的。這種段落稱作演繹型段落。據(jù)有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明,在英語(yǔ)議論文或說明文中,有60%~9

0%的主題句是段落的第一句。a.尋找主題句有些段落,有明顯的引出細(xì)節(jié)的信息詞,常見的信息詞有:forexample,anexample

of,themostimportantexample,first,second,next,then,last,finally,tobeginwith,also,

besidesthat等。在閱讀中,應(yīng)盡量利用上述信息詞確定主題句的位置。從段落中的forexample

可以斷定,前一句話是主題句。如果無(wú)明顯的信息詞,可先假設(shè)第一句話為主題

句,在第二句話前面添加一個(gè)forexample,看看第二句話是否可以支撐第一句話,如果第二句話不能支撐第一句話,便在其他地方找出主題句。b.選擇答案先徹底弄懂主題句的句意,然后閱讀所給選項(xiàng),選擇與主題句句意相吻合的答

案,如主題句的再現(xiàn),主題句句意的轉(zhuǎn)述或推論等,排除與主題句句意無(wú)關(guān)的答

案,如支撐細(xì)節(jié)和文章中未曾闡述的事實(shí)等。②主題句位于段末主題句位于段末是作者采用了先擺事實(shí),后做結(jié)論的手法。這種段落稱作歸納

型段落。③主題句位于段落的中間主題句偶爾也出現(xiàn)在段落的中間,但不一定就在正中間。有時(shí),第一句并非主題

句,而是承上啟下的過渡句。在這種情況下,第二句便成了主題句。此外,主題

句也可能是段落的倒數(shù)第二句。方法一

細(xì)節(jié)理解題——細(xì)讀法分段細(xì)讀,注意細(xì)節(jié),注意語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu),抓住主要事實(shí)、關(guān)鍵信息,揭示文章結(jié)

構(gòu)的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,幫助深化理解。一篇文章是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體,段與段之間存在著

內(nèi)在的緊密聯(lián)系,而每段的內(nèi)容都與主題有著很重要的聯(lián)系,所以弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)

上的問題,對(duì)于把握文章主題或文章大意非常重要。方法技巧方法二

推理判斷題——推理法推理判斷是細(xì)節(jié)理解的延伸,在閱讀的時(shí)候要根據(jù)文章具體事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)、句子關(guān)

系去分析和推理,從而達(dá)到整體理解的目的。方法三

詞義猜測(cè)題——猜測(cè)法要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)遇到的新單詞,這樣既提高了閱讀速度又培養(yǎng)了一

種能力,這也是英語(yǔ)閱讀的關(guān)鍵所在。培養(yǎng)自己的猜詞能力是很有必要的,但是

若遇到了關(guān)鍵的詞句且影響對(duì)文章的理解則提倡學(xué)生使用手中的工具書,自行

查閱并解決學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的困難。方法四

主旨大意題——概讀法從每篇文章的標(biāo)題到各個(gè)部分都進(jìn)行概讀,以歸納出要點(diǎn),概括作者的意圖、觀

點(diǎn)、態(tài)度,這樣就能了解全文的概貌。概讀還有助于考生把握上下文之間的意

義聯(lián)系,培養(yǎng)自己的綜合概括能力。A組河南中考題組Passage1(2019河南,A)題組訓(xùn)練

Doyoufeelboredwiththeupcomingsummer?Weaskedparentsforideasforthingsthatteenscandoandherearesomesuggestionsforfunactivitiesforyoutodointhesummer.#1

Visitolderfamilymembersandinterviewthemaboutthepastofyourfamily.Youcoulduseasmartphonetorecordsomeoftheconversation.Thingsto

askabout:●Whatdidyoueat?●Whowasyourfavoritefamilymember?●Whatdidyoudotomakeyourselfhappy?●Whatwasitlikewhenyouwereateenager?...#2

Notonlywillyoumakeyourparentsreallyhappy,butyouwillfindallthoselostCDs/books/socksthatarehiddenunderthebed.Youcannowhaveayardsaleforthethingsyounolongerwant,andmakeyourselfsomepocketmoneyatthesametime.Notonlywillyoumakeyourparentsreallyhappy,butyouwillfindallthoselostCDs/books/socksthatarehiddenunderthebed.Youcannowhaveayardsaleforthethingsyounolongerwant,andmakeyourselfsomepocketmoneyatthesametime.#3

Puttogetheramemorybook.Itcouldbeaboutprimaryorjuniorschoolsinceyou'reheadingtohighschool:●friendsmade●bestmemories●favoriteteachers●favoritesubjects●hopes/feelingsaboutgoingtohighschool,etc.#4

Getdownandworkonthefarmandhaveabitoffun.Youneverknowyoumightlovedrivingtractorsandfeedingcowsandhorses.Ifnothing

else,itwillgiveyouagoodtasteofwhatahardlifefarmingis.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1.Whichmaynotbeagoodquestionfortheinterviewin#1?A.Whatdidyoudoforfun?B.Howdidyougotoschool?C.Whatwereyourparentslike?D.What'stheplanforyourfuture?2.Whichissuggestedin#2?A.Throwingawaywhatyou'vefound.B.Sellingsomethingthatisnotneeded.C.Askingyourparentsforpocketmoney.D.UsingCDsthatyou'vefoundaspresents.3.Whatisthepropertitlefor#1,#2,#3and#4separately?a.ClearoutYourRoomb.CreateaMemoryBookc.HelponaNearbyFarmd.DiscoverFamilyHistoryA.a-d-b-cB.d-a-b-cC.d-b-a-cD.c-a-b-d4.Whatcanworkingonafarmbringtoyou?A.Yourloveforcountrymusic.B.Theinterestinyourfuturejob.C.Theexperienceoffarmwork.D.Thefunofsharingwithfriends.5.Whoisthetextwrittenfor?A.Teens.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Farmers.答案1.D2.B3.B4.C5.APassage2(2019河南,B)ClaraDalywassittingonanAlaskaAirlinesflightfromBostontoLosAngeles

whensheheardaworriedvoiceovertheloudspeaker:“Doesanyoneonboard

knowAmericanSignLanguage?”Clara,15atthetime,pressedthecallbutton.Anairhostesscamebyandexplained

thesituation.“Wehaveapassengerontheplanewho'sblindanddeaf,”shesaid.

Thepassengerseemedtowantsomething,buthewastravelingaloneandtheair

hostessescouldn'tunderstandwhatheneeded.ClarahadbeenstudyingASLforthepastyeartohelpblindanddeafpeopleand

sheknewshe'dbeabletofingerspellintotheman'spalm.Sosherosefromher

seat,walkedtowardthefrontoftheplane,andkneltbytheseatofTimCook,then

64.Gentlytakinghishand,shesigned,“Howareyou?AreyouOK?”Cookasked

forsomewater.Whenitarrived,Clarareturnedtoherseat.Shecamebyagainabitlaterbecausehe

wantedtoknowthetime.Onherthirdvisit,shestoppedandstayedforawhile.“Hedidn'tneedanything.Hewaslonelyandwantedtotalk,”Clarasaid.Soforthenexthour,shetalkedaboutherfamilyandherplansforthefuture.CooktoldClarahowhehadbecomeblindovertimeandsharedstoriesofhisdaysasa

travelingsalesman.Eventhoughhecouldn'tseeher,she“l(fā)ookedattentivelyat

hisfacewithsuchkindness,”apassengerreported.“Clarawasamazing,”anairhostesstoldAlaskaAirlinesinaninterview.“You

couldtellCookwasveryexcitedtohavesomeonehecouldspeakto,andshewas

suchanangel.”Cook'sreply:“BesttripI'veeverhad.”根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1.Whatwastheairhostesses'problem?A.Theyhadaverydifficultpassenger.B.Theycouldn'tunderstandthepassenger.C.Theydidn'tknowthepassenger'sname.D.Theydidn'thavewhatthepassengerwanted.2.WhydidClaraDalybelieveshecouldhelp?A.BecauseshehappenedtolearnsomeASL.B.BecauseshehadhelpedpeoplelikeCook.C.BecauseshethoughtshemightknowCook.D.Becausehergrandfatherhadthesameproblem.3.IntowhichdidClaraDalyfingerspellwithTimCook?

4.WhydidTimCookkeepaskingforservice?A.Becausehewashungryandthirsty.B.Becauseheneededsomeonetotalkto.C.Becausehewasafraidoftakingplanes.D.BecausehewasinterestedinClara'sstory.5.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeClaraDaly?A.Braveandclever.B.Beautifulandlovely.C.Patientandcaring.D.Outgoingandfriendly.答案1.B2.A3.A4.B5.CPassage3(2019河南,C)Thousandsofyearsago,Britainwascoveredbythickforests,hometomanyani-

malswhichnolongerliveintheUnitedKingdom.Therewerewolvesandbears,

manydifferentkindsofdeerandlargewildcows.Therewerelessthanfourmillion

people.Theylivedinsmallvillagesprotectedbywoodenwallsfromtheanimals

outside.Allthishaschanged,ofcourse.NowthepopulationoftheUnitedKingdomhasin-

creasedtosixty-fivemillion.Three-quartersofBritainiscoveredwithfields,towns

orcities.Although25percentoflandiscountryside,newmethodsoffarmingmeanthattherearefewerbirdsandsmallanimalslivinginfieldsthaneverbefore.

TheUnitedKingdomisoneofthefewcountriesintheworldthatdoesnothavea

largewildanimalthateatsmeat.InScotlandthereareonly400wildcats,butthese

aremuchsmallerthanwolves.Somepeoplewouldliketochangethings,however!Someorganizationsandwriters

saythatBritainneedstobecomemorenaturalagain.Theysuggestthattreesand

plantsthatgrewintheUKbeforetownsandcitieswerebuiltshouldbeallowedto

growagain.TheyevensaythatlargewildanimalswhichhavenotlivedintheUK

shouldbehelpedtoreturnandlivewild.Theycallthis“rewilding”.Noteveryoneagrees.Inthelasttwentyyears,overonemilliontreeswhichatfirst

grewinScotlandhavebeenplantedandthereareplansformore—butwildani-

mals?Somepeopleaskifwolveswillattacksheeporevenhumans.Theyarealso

angrythatrewildingmightmeananendtowalkinginthehillswhichsomanypeo-

pleenjoy.SofartherearenowolvesorbearsinBritain'sforests—butsoontheremightbe!根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1.WhatwasthepopulationoftheUKthousandsofyearsago?A.About25million.B.Over65million.C.Morethan61million.D.Notmorethanfourmillion.2.WhyaretherefewerbirdsandsmallanimalsinfieldsintheUK?A.Becausemoretreeshavebeenplanted.B.Becausetherearemorelargewildanimals.C.Becausepollutionismuchworsethanbefore.D.Becausepeopleusenewmethodsoffarming.3.Whichparagraphgivesopinionsfrom“rewilding”supporters?A.Paragraph1.B.Paragraph2.C.Paragraph3.D.Paragraph4.4.Whataresomepeopleagainst?A.Livingclosertonature.B.Plantingmoreandmoretrees.C.Helpinglargewildanimalsreturn.D.Buildingmorevillagesandtowns.5.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.MakingBritainwildagainB.AtriptowildBritainC.AnintroductiontoBritainD.Protectingtheenvironment答案1.D2.D3.C4.C5.ASummerEnglishatStClare's,OxfordWeofferholidaycoursesforteenagersinOxford.YoucanimproveyourEnglish,enjoygreattripsandactivitiesandmakenewfriendsofyourownage.Telephone:01865552031Website:www.stclares.ac.ukAges:Youngchildren(9—12),Teenagers(13—17)CreativeArtsSummerSchoolDesignedforyoungstudentswithagreatinterestinpainting,providingthemwithanexcitingexperiencetoexplorecreativepathwaysanddevelop

skillsforthefuture.Telephone:01202363831Website:aub.ac.uk

Ages:Teenagers(14—15)Passage4(2018河南,A)XUKActivitySummerCampBeautifulsetting!Fantasticactivities!Friendlyandexperiencedstaff!Activitiesincludeadventure,sports,drama,andmore!Telephone:02083719686Website:

Ages:Teenagers(13—17)YMT'sMusicalTheatreSummerCamps2018YMT'ssummercampsareopentoanyoneaged6—17lookingtodeveloptheiracting,singinganddancingabilities.JointheUK'sleadingmusicthe-

atrecompany!Telephone:02085637725Website:Ages:Youngchildren(6—12),Teenagers(13—17)Notes:explore探索;staff員工;drama戲劇1.Ifyouareinterestedinpainting,youmaycall

formoreinformation.A.02083719686B.01202363831C.02085637725D.018655520312.Ifyouvisit

,youmaygetsomeinformationaboutdrama.A.aub.ac.uk

B.www.stclares.ac.uk

C.

D.3.Eight-year-oldMikecangoto

inthesummer.A.XUKActivitySummerCampB.CreativeArtsSummerSchoolC.SummerEnglishatStClare's,OxfordD.YMT'sMusicalTheatreSummerCamps20184.What'sspecialaboutSummerEnglishatStClare's,Oxford?A.Itisopentoallages.

B.Itrequirescreativeideas.

C.Ithasexperiencedstaff.

D.Itofferslanguagecourses.5.Whereisthetextmostprobablyfrom?A.Asciencereport.B.Aschoolintroduction.C.Ashoppingposter.D.Awebsiteforteenagers.答案1.B2.C3.D4.D5.DPassage5(2018河南,B)InLosAngeles,awaiterservedagroupofteens.Thewaiterrememberedhisexpe-

rienceasayounghighschoolstudent.Sohemadesuretheteenshadapleasantex-perienceattherestaurant.Thewaitermadesureofit.Afterservingalltheteensanddoingagreatjob,hewasleftatip(小費(fèi)),only$3.28.

ThatwashardlyenoughtobuyadrinkatStarbucks.Thewaiterwenthome.Andhefelthatredforthestudentswhodidnotknowthe

valueofhardwork.Theylookeddownonpeoplelikehim.Orsohethought.Afterseveraldays,thewaiterforgotaboutit.Hislifewentonasusual.Buttendays

later,hereceivedaletterfromtheteens.“Aboutaweekandahalfago,onOctober7,mythreefriendsandIcametoeatat

thisrestaurantasourownhomecomingcelebration.Itwasanexcitingexperienceforustobeherealone,anditwasallnewtous.Andyouwerethebestwaiterwe

couldaskfor.Youwerekind,helpful,anddidn'ttreatuslikebabies!SoIwantto

saythankyouformakingour‘grown-up'experiencesoamazingandfun.“Iwouldalsoliketosaysorryonbehalfof(代表)mygroup.Sincewewerenew

toallofthis,our13-year-oldmindsdidn'texactlyknowhowtodealwiththebill.

Thebillwasreasonable(合乎情理的),butwehadcompletelyforgotten(anddidn't

know,tobehonest)whatatipevenwas,letalonehowmuchtogive.Soweemptied

ourpockets,andallourmoneyaddedupto$3.28.“Havingnoideaofhowsmallthisreallywas,weleft.Later,werealizedourmis-takeandfeltterrible.Weknewwehadtomakeitright.“Sotogetherwiththisletter,youwillfindthecorrect18%tip+extraforsimply

beingamazing.Thankyouforyourhelpandpatienceandalsothankyouformak-

ingournightfun.Thankyou!”1.Howdidthewaiterreceivethegroupofteens?A.Hetriedtomakethempaymore.B.Heservedthemlikeotherwaiters.C.Hetreatedthemasyoungchildren.D.Hedidhisbesttomakethemhappy.2.Whydidthegroupofteensleavethatsmalltip?A.Becausetheylookeddownonthewaiter.B.Becausetheydidn'tknowwhatatipmeant.C.Becausetheyweren'tpleasedwiththeservice.D.Becausetheythoughtthetipshouldbethatmuch.3.Whatmadetheteenswritetheletter?A.Thetiptheyleftforthewaiter.B.Thebilltherestaurantreceived.C.Thewaythewaiterservedthem.D.Thefuntheyhadattherestaurant.4.WhatdorestaurantwaitersmindmostinAmerica?A.Whatkindofgueststheyreceive.B.Whatdishespeopleusuallyorder.C.Whethertheyaregivenreasonabletips.D.Howmuchcustomerspayfortheirmeals.5.Whatdidthegroupofteenstrytosayintheletter?A.Theywerequitethankfulforthewaiter'sservice.B.Theyhadrealizedtheirmistakeandmadeitright.C.Theyhadawonderfulexperienceattherestaurant.D.Theywantedmorecustomerstogototherestaurant.答案1.D2.B3.A4.C5.BPassage6(2018河南,C)Thespringseasonbringswarmweather,flowersandotherchangesforpeopleto

enjoy.Forsomerestaurantcooks,themostexcitingspringarrivalisramps.RampsareawildplantintheeasternmountainsofNorthAmerica.Theyareoneof

thefirstplantsthatgrowinthespring,usuallybetweenAprilandMay.Theyare

recognized(識(shí)別)bytheirredstem(莖),andtwolongandwidegreenleaves.Theyarealsofamousfortheirstrongtaste,similartoonions(洋蔥).Rampsarenotaswell-knownasothervegetables,buttheyhavealonghistoryin

theUnitedStates.IntheAppalachianMountains,rampshavebeenanimportantfoodforalongtime.Duringspring,itiscommonforsmalltownsintheAppalachi-

anareatoholdlargerampdinnersforthecommunity.However,overthelast30years,ramps'popularityhasgrownquickly.Theyare

nowahighly-desiredvegetableformanynicerestaurantsincitieslikeNewYork

andWashingtonD.C.Onereasontheplantispopularisthatitgrowsinthewild.Itisdifficulttogrowthemonfarms.Mostrestaurantsgetthemfromforagers,whocollectrampsby

searchingforestsforsomesmallpiecesoflandwheretheygrow.Rampshavea

shortseason.Withinafewweeksoffullgrowth,theplantisdonefortheyear.This

shortlifeissomereasonfortheirpopularity.AndthatpopularitycouldleadtotheirdisappearancefromEarth.In1995,thelocal

governmentinQuebec,Canada,stoppedpeoplesellingtheplanttobusinessesin

ordertoprotecttheplantagainstbeingover-dug.Theseasonisshort,butithasnotendedyet.Ifyouareintherightplace,youstill

havetimetotryatasteoframpsyourself.1.WhyarerampssopopularinNorthAmerica?A.Becausetheygrowinspring.B.Becausetheyhaveagoodtaste.C.Becausetheyarehardtoget.D.Becausetheyhavealonghistory.2.Whichofthefollowingisthepictureofaramp?3.Whatdoestheword“they”referto(指的是)?A.foragersB.rampsC.customersD.restaurants

4.Whywerepeoplestoppedfromsellingrampstobusinesses?A.Becauserampswereingreatdanger.B.Becauseramps'smellpollutedtheair.C.Becauseitcosttoomuchtogrowramps.D.Becausethegovernmentwantedtomakemoney.5.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.AmericansgocrazyforrampsinspringB.AmericanshavediscoveredanewvegetableC.RampswereoncepopularinNorthAmericaD.Rampswillsoonbeenjoyedallovertheworld答案1.C2.D3.B4.A5.APassage7(2017河南,A)

MusicalChairsHaveyounoticedhowmusicmakesthetasteofyourfoodbetter?Thisnew

restauranthasdifferenttypesoflivemusiceverynightexceptSundays,

andexcellentfoodtogowithit.Greatfishdishes,beefandpizza.Monday

isclassicrocknight,soseeyouthere!

TheChocolateBoxTheownerofthissmallcaféusedtocookallkindsoffood,butthenshe

realizedshepreferredsweetstoanythingelse.Ifyouwantmeatorfish,

don'tcomehere.Theyonlydodesserts!Lotsofdifferentkindsofsweets.

Chocolateloverswillbeexcitedbytherangeofchocolatecakes.LastDaysoftheRajAcentrally-locatedIndianrestaurant,perfectforeatingbeforeorafterthe

cinemaorashow.Insummerenjoyyourmealinthebeautifulgarden.The

mostpopulardishesarebeefandchickencookedwithmild,mediumorhot

spices.Forbravecustomersthereisextrahot!

ATasteofTuscanyWhetheryou'dlikeagreatvalue-for-moneylunchorarelaxedevening

mealatafantasticrestaurant,thisistheplaceforyou.Thecookshaveall

beentrainedinItalyandtheymakebothtraditionalandmoderndishes.We

recommendthepastaandseafood.注:recommend推薦;spice(調(diào)味)香料1.What'sspecialaboutMusicalChairs?A.Sundayisclassicrocknighteveryweek.B.Thechairstherecanplaywonderfulmusic.C.Therestaurantonlywelcomesmusiclovers.D.Youcanenjoyyourmealwithlivemusicthere.2.WhichofthefollowingdoesTheChocolateBoxserve?A.Fish.B.Cakes.C.Seafood.D.Chicken.3.WhydopeoplegotoLastDaysoftheRaj?A.Toshowothershowbravetheywillbe.B.Toenjoythemealwhilewatchingshows.C.Totrythedishestherecookedwithspices.D.Tohavemealsinthegardenallyearround.4.WhatcanpeopledoatATasteofTuscany?A.Enjoyarelaxedbreakfast.B.TastedishescookedinItaly.C.Haveavalue-for-moneylunch.D.Learntocookpastaandseafood.5.Whatisrecommendedinthetext?A.Hotrestaurants.B.Specialfoods.C.Weekendactivities.D.Thebestplacestogo.答案1.D2.B3.C4.C5.APassage8(2017河南,B)

NotonlykidsofTigerMomsgotoHarvard.DawnLogginsofLawndale,N.C.,isonherwaytoHarvard,oneoftheeightworld-

famousuniversitiesintheeasternUS.Nobodyencouragedhertostudyorpaidforherspecialclasses.Thisgirlcreatedherownfuture.Theteenwasabandonedbyherfamilylastsummer,whenherparentsandtwosis-

tersmovedtoTennessee.Shefoundherselfhomelessandhadtospendthenighton

friends'sofas.TheschoolbusdriverlearnedaboutDawn'ssituationandinvitedDawntomovein

withherfamily.Soon,DawnhadajobatBurnsHighSchool.Sheworkedfrom6

a.m.to7:40a.m.beforethefirstschoolbellrang.Shesweptfloorsandpickedup

trashagainintheafternoons,beforediving(跳水)intoherstudiesintheevenings.Dawn'shardworkpaidoff.Shefinishedschoolwitha3.9GPAandscored2,110ontheSAT.“ThereweretimeswhenIfeltlikeitwouldbeeasiestifIgaveup,”the18-year-

oldsaid.“Butitwasneverinmetogiveup,becauseIrealizedthatIwasnever

goingtobesuccessfulunlessIgotaneducation.”EvenbeforeDawn'sfamilylefther,sheledadifficultlife.Herfamilywaspoor