UnitFoodsafety11Arethereanydifferencesbetweenfoodsafetyandfoodsecurity?Whatfactorscanleadtofoodsafetyissues?Howcantheseissuesbeprevented?1)Foodsecurityemphasizesensuringthatpeoplecangetthefoodtheyneedtomaintainahealthylife.Itismainlyrelatedtothesupplyoffoodandthechannelsthroughwhichpeopleobtainit.Foodsafetyemphasizesensuringthequalityofthefoodthatpeopleeatintheirmouths.Foodinproduction,storage,andsalesshouldmeethygieneandhealthstandards,ensuring“foodsafety.”2)Poorfoodhandling:Foodcanberenderedunsafeifit’sinadequatelycookedorifcross-contaminationoccursbetweenrawandcookedmeals.Preventthisbyalwaysproperlycookingfoodandusingseparateutensilsandcuttingboardsforrawandcookeditems.Inadequatefoodstorage:Foodthatisnotstoredatthecorrecttemperaturecanspoilandharborharmfulbacteria.Topreventthis,alwaysrefertostorageinstructionsandkeepperishableitemsintherefrigerator.Contaminatedingredients:Usingtaintedorexpiredingredientscancompromisefood

safety.Alwayscheckthefreshnessofyouringredientsandprefertrustedsources.Personalhygiene:Poorhygienehabitsofthefoodhandlercanintroducepathogenstothefood.Practicingregularhand-washing,especiallybeforehandlingfood,canlargelypreventthisissue.Contaminatedequipment:Theuseofdirtykitchenequipmentcanalsoleadtofoodsafetyissues.Regularcleaningandsanitizingofallfoodcontactsurfacesandequipmentcanhelptopreventthis. 3)Adheretofoodsafetyregulations.Storeandhandlefoodatpropertemperatures.Trainemployeesonsafefoodpractices.Implementgoodmanufacturingpractices.Regularlytestforharmfulsubstancesandpathogens.2Whatdoyouknowaboutgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs)?Whatfieldsaretheycommonlyappliedto?Geneticallymodifiedorganisms’genomeshavebeenengineeredinthelaboratorytofavortheexpressionofdesiredphysiologicaltraitsorthegenerationofdesiredbiologicalproducts.Inconventionallivestockproduction,cropfarming,andevenpetbreeding,ithaslongbeenthepracticetobreedselectindividualsofaspeciesinordertoproduceoffspringwithdesirabletraits.IntheUnitedStates,foodsgrownusingGMOtechniquesincludecorn,soybean,canola,sugarbeet,alfalfa,cotton,potatoes,papaya,summersquash,andafewvarietiesofapples.AlthoughcurrentresearchsuggeststhatGMOfoodsaresafeforconsumption,somepeopleareconcernedabouttheirpotentialhealtheffects.GMOfoodlabelsarecomingtomoreU.S.groceryshelves—Areconsumersready?ingredientoneofthethingsfromwhichsth.ismadee.g.ManyofusmaybeeatingfoodcontainingGMingredientswithoutrealizingit.advocacygroupagroupofpeoplewhoworktogethertoachievesth.,especiallybyputtingpressureonthegovernment,etc.e.g.

Thispetitionisnothingmorethananotherattempttoscareconsumersbyanadvocacygrouplong-dedicatedtoattackingthefoodandbeverageindustry.GMOfoodlabelsarecomingtomoreU.S.groceryshelves—Areconsumersready?speciesagroupofanimalsorplantswhosemembersaresimilarandcanbreedtogethertoproduceyounganimalsorplantse.g.Manyspecieshavedivergedfromasingleancestor.geneticengineeringthescienceofchangingthestructureofthegenesofananimal,aplant,orahuman,usuallytomakethemstrongerorhealthiere.g.Scientistshaveusedgeneticengineeringtoprotecttomatoesagainsttheeffectsoffreezing.GMOfoodlabelsarecomingtomoreU.S.groceryshelves—Areconsumersready?contentiouscausingalotofargumentanddisagreementbetweenpeoplee.g.Sanctionsareexpectedtobeamongthemostcontentiousissues.mandatoryrequiredbylawe.g.Theoffencecarriesamandatorylifesentence.patchworksth.thatismadeupofalotofdifferentpiecesorpartse.g.Hepatchednewclothtotheoldcoatuntilitseemedmerepatchwork.GMOfoodlabelsarecomingtomoreU.S.groceryshelves—Areconsumersready?confusionastateofnotbeingcertainaboutwhatishappening,whatyoushoulddo,whatsth.means,etc.e.g.Thisisreallyabouttryingtocutthroughtheconfusionthatconsumershavewhentheyarebuyingaproductandthatbusinesseshavewhentheyaresellingaproduct.divulgetogivesb.informationthatissupposedtobesecrete.g.Officialsrefusetodivulgedetailsofthenegotiations.GMOfoodlabelsarecomingtomoreU.S.groceryshelves—Areconsumersready?incurtolosemoney,owemoney,orhavetopaymoneyasaresultofdoingsth.e.g.Thehigh-risk,speculativeandultra-short-terminternationalspeculativecapitalwhichflowslargelyandfrequentlyinChinaduringrecentyearshasmadeadverseimpactonbothfinancialmarketsandtherealeconomyofthecountry,alsoincurscertainfinancialrisks.exemptnotaffectedbysth.,ornothavingtodoitorpayite.g.Thefundwasindangeroflosingitstax-exemptstatus.GMOfoodlabelsarecomingtomoreU.S.groceryshelves—Areconsumersready?verify

toshoworsaythatsth.istrueoraccuratee.g.Herversionofeventswasverifiedbyneighbours.mock-upamodeloracopyofsth.,oftenthesamesizeasit,whichisusedfortestingorforshowingpeoplewhattherealthingwilllooklikee.g.There'samock-upofthehighstreetwheretheGoodwinsgoshopping.GMOfoodlabelsarecomingtomoreU.S.groceryshelves—Areconsumersready?wholesome

goodforyourhealthe.g.Breadandmilkmakesawholesomebreakfast.evoketobringafeeling,amemory,oranimageintoyourminde.g.Thefilmevokeschillingremindersofthewar.GMOfoodlabelsarecomingtomoreU.S.groceryshelves—Areconsumersready?frontandcenterinaveryimportantposition,wheresth.willreceiveattentione.g.Weareinlightoftheunemploymentreportjobsfrontandcenterinbothpresidentialcampaignstoday.lobbytotrytopersuadethegovernmentorsb.withpoliticalpowerthatalaworsituationshouldbechangede.g.CarersfromallovertheUKlobbiedParliamentlastweektodemandabetterfinancialdeal.1UnderstandingthetextDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T),false(F),ornotgiven(NG)accordingtothetext.____1.InAmerica,consumerswillsoonbeabletotellwhethertheproductsofanybrand

containgeneticallymodifiedingredientsjustbylookingatthepackaging.____2.InAmerica,geneticengineeringisusedmainlytomakecropscheapertogrowandkeepfoodpriceslow.____3.Largefoodcompanieshavehistoricallybeenreluctanttoputmandatorylabelson

goodsforfearthattheresultingcostincreaseswillreducethepurchasingpowerof

consumers.FFFUnderstandingthetext____4.SomeotherU.S.stateshavedecidedtofollowtheexampleofVermont

andrequire

mandatorylabeling.____5.Accordingtosomeresearchers,foodmakersareunlikelytooffsetthecostsof

relabelingbyraisingthepricesoftheirproductsbecausetheyworrythatconsumers

willstopbuyingtheirproducts.____6.

Thelabelsthatwillshowuponpackagescertainlywon’tprovideanyadequate

explanation.NGTT2UnderstandingthetextDiscussthefollowingquestions.1.WhyhaveGeneralMillsandothermajorfoodcompaniesdecidedtoadoptthepracticeoflabelinggeneticallymodifiedfoods?2.WhatcropsisgeneticengineeringmainlyappliedtointheU.S.?Whatisthepurposeofdoingso?3.WhoaretheadvocatesofGMOs?Whoaretheopponents?Whataretheirviewsrespectively?4.AccordingtoPara.10,whydofoodmakersprefertodealwithonefederalregulationratherthanapatchworkofstatelaws?5.What’syourattitudetowardgeneticallymodifiedfoods?DoyouthinkitisimportantthatfoodmakersaddGMOlabelstogeneticallymodifiedfoods?Whyorwhynot?Understandingthetext1.WhyhaveGeneralMillsandothermajorfoodcompaniesdecidedtoadoptthepracticeoflabelinggeneticallymodifiedfoods?BecausetheyareallrespondingtoaVermontlawrequiringthelabelingofgeneticallymodifiedfoodsstartinginJuly,andtopressurefromconsumersandadvocacygroupstorevealmoreinformationaboutcontroversialingredients.Understandingthetext2.WhatcropsisgeneticengineeringmainlyappliedtointheU.S.?Whatisthepurposeofdoingso?IntheU.S.,geneticengineeringisprimarilyusedoncorn,soybeans,andcottontomakethesecropsmorepest-anddisease-resistantanddrought-tolerant.Understandingthetext3.WhoaretheadvocatesofGMOs?Whoaretheopponents?Whataretheirviewsrespectively?TheadvocatesincludetheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)andsomecompaniesthatuseGMOs;theymaintainthattheseingredientsaresafeforhumanconsumptionaccordingtoscientificstudies.Theopponentsincludeanti-GMOadvocacygroups,suchastheCenterforFoodSafety(CFS)andfoodmakerswhosaytheydon’tuseGMOs;theirviewisthatGMOscouldcausehealthproblemstohumansandwildlife.Understandingthetext4.AccordingtoPara.10,whydofoodmakersprefertodealwithonefederalregulationratherthanapatchworkofstatelaws?Becauseitissimplerandcheaperforfoodmakerstohandle.Understandingthetext5.What’syourattitudetowardgeneticallymodifiedfoods?DoyouthinkitisimportantthatfoodmakersaddGMOlabelstogeneticallymodifiedfoods?Whyorwhynot?ItisimportanttoaddGMOlabels.Theypromotetransparencyandgiveconsumerstheabilitytomakeinformedchoicesaboutwhatthey’rebuyingandconsuming.Whilemanyregulatorybodiesattesttothesafetyofgeneticallymodifiedfoods,someconsumersmayhavepersonalpreferences,dietaryrestrictions,ethical,orenvironmentalconcernsthatinfluencetheirpurchasingdecisions.Labelinggeneticallymodifiedfoodsensuresthatconsumershavetheinformationtheyneedtoaligntheirfoodchoiceswiththeirpersonalbeliefsorhealthneeds.driveupB.todescribeorrepresentsth.inaparticularwayinsert…intoC.onthewaytoorintendedforaplacecast…asD.withoutbeingaffectedorpreventedbysth.accuse…ofE.tosaythatsb.hasdonesth.wrongorisguiltyofsth.destinedforF.tomakesth.,suchasprices,risequicklyinspiteofA.toputsth.intosth.elseLanguagework1Matchthephraseswiththeirmeanings.Languagework2Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformofthephrasesfromtheaboveexercise.1.Brandsthatsucceedinmobileadvertisingwill_______

themselves_____

various

culturalconversationsbeyondthetraditionalbannerads.2.Critics________

theretailgiant_____

destroyingneighborhoods,exploitingworkers,anddiscriminatingagainstfemaleemployees.3.Accordingtothedocument,thenewtraderulesdonotapplytoexports_____________Europe.insertintoaccuseofdestinedforLanguagework4.Attheconference,China’sactiveparticipationwas_______akeycontributorthatwouldhelptheinternationalcommunitybetterrespondtomanyglobalproblems.5.Hethinksthatit’spointlesstryingto_______

salesbyadvertisingduringaneconomicslowdown.6.Onceasmallvillage,Shenzhenhasevolvedintooneoftheworld’slargestmetropolises__________

numerouschallenges.castasdriveupinspiteofLanguagework3TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.packagedfoodsanindustrytradegroupgeneticmanipulationpubliccampaignsalevelplayingfieldpastfederalgovernmentestimates包裝食品行業(yè)貿(mào)易團(tuán)體基因操控公共宣傳活動(dòng)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境聯(lián)邦政府的過(guò)往預(yù)估數(shù)據(jù)FindingoutopposingviewpointsonacontroversialissueFindingoutopposingviewpointsonacontroversialissueisacriticalreadingstrategythatinvolvesidentifying,understanding,andanalyzingdifferentpositionsorarguments.Thisapproachisessentialforgraspingthefullscopeoftheissueanddevelopingacomprehensiveunderstandingofthetopic.Toidentifyopposingviewpoints,readersshouldfirstfindoutthecontroversialissueandthetwosides.Forexample,themaincontroversialissueinTextAiswhetherGMOsaresafe,whichleadstoanotherissue—whethermandatorylabelingofGMOsshouldbeadopted.ThetwosidesareadvocatesofGMOsandanti-GMOgroups.AdvocatesofGMOsincludetheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)andfoodcompaniesusingGMOs.Anti-GMOgroupsincludetheCenterforFoodSafety(CFS)andfoodmakerswhosaytheydon’tuseGMOs.Theirrespectiveviewsareasfollows:FindingoutopposingviewpointsonacontroversialissueIssueAdvocatesofGMOsAnti-GMOgroupsAbouttheuseofGMOsGMOsaresafeforhumanconsumption,asthestudiestellus.GMOscouldcausehealthproblemstohumansandwildlife.AboutmandatorylabelingofGMOsMandatorylabelingwillscareoffcustomersbecausetheywillthinkthefoodisunnaturalorunhealthy.Itisanissueoftransparency,andfoodmakersshouldn’thideimportantinformationfromthepublic.Chipotle’sfoodsafetycrisisstockvaluethepriceatwhichastocktradesonthemarkete.g.Thestockvalueofthecompanyincreasedby10%afteritannouncedstrongquarterlyearnings.class-actionlawsuitatypeoflawsuitthatisstartedbyagroupofpeoplewhohavethesameprobleme.g.Thecompanyfacedaclass-actionlawsuitfromcustomerswhoclaimedtheyweremisledbyfalseadvertising.premiumanextrapaymentaddedtothebasicratee.g.Shepaysapremiumforherfavoritebrandofcoffee.Understandingthetext1.WhathasChipotledonetohandlethefoodsafetycrisisaccordingtoParas.2-3?2.AccordingtoDougPowell,whatwasprobablythesourceofChipotle’sE.colioutbreak?Why?3.AccordingtoDougPowell,whatcausedthetwonorovirusoutbreaks?4.WhatisDougPowell’sattitudetowardChipotle’sresponsetothefoodsafetycrisis?Whatdoeshethinkthecompanyshoulddo?5.Forfoodcompanies,howshouldtheyeffectivelyavoidfoodsafetycrises?Whatkindofroledoyouthinkthegovernmentshouldplaytoprotecttheinterestsofconsumers?Answerthefollowingquestions.Understandingthetext1.WhathasChipotledonetohandlethefoodsafetycrisisaccordingtoParas.2-3?ThecompanyhasapologizedfortheoutbreaksofnorovirusandE.coli,tweakeditscookingmethods,developedcomprehensivenewfoodsafetyprograms,andannouncedthatitwilltemporarilycloseallitsstoresforacompanywidefoodsafetymeetingonFeb.8.Understandingthetext2.AccordingtoDougPowell,whatwasprobablythesourceofChipotle’sE.colioutbreak?Why?Hethinksthesourcemayhavebeenthecilantroorsomeotherfreshproduceitemthatwasn’tcooked,becausetheepidemiologyshowsthattheoutbreakinvolvedE.coliO26.Understandingthetext3.AccordingtoDougPowell,whatcausedthetwonorovirusoutbreaks?Chipotleaskedsickemployeestoshowuptowork.Understandingthetext4.WhatisDougPowell’sattitudetowardChipotle’sresponsetothefoodsafetycrisis?Whatdoeshethinkthecompanyshoulddo?Heisveryangryaboutthecompany’shidinginformationanddenial.Hethinksthecompanyshouldchangeitscultureandgetreligiousaboutfoodsafetyinadditiontohiringconsultants.5.Forfoodcompanies,howshouldtheyeffectivelyavoidfoodsafetycrises?Whatkindofroledoyouthinkthegovernmentshouldplaytoprotecttheinterestsofconsumers?Foodcompaniesshouldconsiderthesustainabledevelopmentofthecompanyintermsofstrengtheninginternalmanagementofemployees,deepeninginnovationofmanageme