高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省溫州市浙南名校聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATheGlobalImpactInternship(實習(xí))Programisdesignedtoenhanceskillsandprovidevaluableworkexperience.AninternshipinGlobalImpactalsobuildscharacter,providesasenseoffulfillment,andmakesameaningfuldifferenceinourworld.It’ssomethingyoujustwon’tfindelsewhere.Onceaccepted,youwillreceive24/7supportthroughoutyourstay,ensuringyouareneveralone.Eachinternshipistailoredtomeetyourindividualgoals,allowingyoutolearn,work,andgrow.GlobalImpactalsooffersvirtualinternshipsinover20countries,providingflexibilityandaccessibility.ProjectOptions:●ChildrenandEducation:Workinclassrooms,after-schoolprograms,andcommunitycenterswhileimmersingyourselfinlocalculture.●GlobalHealth:Collaboratewithhealthprofessionalsinareaslikenursinganddentistry,gaininginsightsintoglobalhealthcarechallenges.●EnvironmentalConservation:Engageinconservationefforts,wildlifecare,andenvironmentaleducationprojects.●CulturalExchange:Contributetothepreservationandpromotionoflocalheritagewhilefosteringcross-culturalunderstanding.InternshipRequirements:●Minimuminternshipof4weeks.●Submissionoflearningobjectivesbeforetheprogramstarts.●Completionofafinalevaluationandreflectionassignment.●AttendanceatGlobalImpact’strainingseminars.●Atotalfeeof$895,includinga$300deposit.1.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheGlobalImpactInternshipProgram?A.Toboostlanguageskills. B.Toprovidefinancialassistance.C.Topromoteself-development. D.Tohelpachieveacademicsuccess.2.Whichprojectwillappealtotheinternsinterestedintheconservationofancientrelics?A.ChildrenandEducation. B.GlobalHealth.C.CulturalExchange. D.EnvironmentalConservation.3.Whataretheinternsrequiredtodo?A.Completea4-weektrainingperiod. B.Presentlearninggoalsinadvance.C.Giveevaluationonthefinalassignment. D.Payatotalregistrationfeeof$1,195.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了全球影響力項目計劃的目的，項目選擇和實習(xí)要求。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheGlobalImpactInternship(實習(xí))Programisdesignedtoenhanceskillsandprovidevaluableworkexperience.AninternshipinGlobalImpactalsobuildscharacter,providesasenseoffulfillment,andmakesameaningfuldifferenceinourworld.(全球影響力實習(xí)計劃旨在提高技能并提供寶貴的工作經(jīng)驗。在GlobalImpact的實習(xí)也會塑造性格，提供一種成就感，并為我們的世界帶來有意義的改變)”可知，該實習(xí)項目旨在提高技能、提供有價值的工作經(jīng)驗，還能塑造品格、提供成就感，這些都有助于自我發(fā)展，所以其主要目的是促進自我發(fā)展。故選C項。【2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)ProjectOptions部分的“CulturalExchange:Contributetothepreservationandpromotionoflocalheritagewhilefosteringcross-culturalunderstanding.(文化交流：在促進跨文化理解的同時，促進當(dāng)?shù)剡z產(chǎn)的保護和推廣)”可推知，文化交流項目有助于保護和促進當(dāng)?shù)剡z產(chǎn)，所以對古代遺跡保護感興趣的實習(xí)生會對文化交流項目感興趣。故選C項。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InternshipRequirements部分的“Submissionoflearningobjectivesbeforetheprogramstarts.(課程開始前提交學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo))”可知，實習(xí)生需要在項目開始前提交學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)，即提前展示學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。故選B項。BFeifeiLi’sjourneyfromateenagerinChinatoaleadingfigureinartificialintelligenceisnothingshortofremarkable.BorninBeijingin1976,LigrewupinChengdu.HerlifetookadramaticturnwhenherfamilymovedtoAmerica.Initially,thefamilydidn’tspeakEnglish,sotheburdenoftranslationfellonLi.Shecreditedkindteachersathernewhighschoolforhelpingherovercomechallenges,asshedevelopedlanguageskillsandregainedheracademicexcellence.Outsideschool,sheworkedtirelesslyinlow-payingjobstosupportherfamily.Duringthisperiod,shefeltlikeanoutsiderwithfewfriends,sufferingfromisolation(孤獨).Despitethesehardships,shewasacceptedintoPrincetontostudyphysics.In1999,Ligraduatedwithhonors,beforegoingontocompleteherPh.D.andeventuallyjoiningPrinceton’scomputersciencedepartmentasanassistantprofessor.AtPrinceton,LibegantopioneerImageNet,alarge-scaleimagedatabaseinvisualobjectrecognitionsoftware.Frustratedbyherpeers’inefficientapproachoftrainingcomputerstorecognizeoneimageatatime,sheintroducedcomputerstoavastnumberofobjectsbasedonchildren’svisuallearningmethods.ThisledtothecreationofImageNet,whichinvolvedamassivelabelingeffortforoverthreemillionimages.InsteadofgettingsupportwithinthePrincetondepartment,sheoutsourced(外包)thetasktotheInternet,usinganAmazon’sprogramtoparcelthejobouttoremoteworkersaroundtheglobe.BeforelongImageNetwascompleted,andithassubsequentlyhadanenormousimpactonthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence.Thedatabasehasnowgrowntooverfourteenmillionimages,andisafundamentalpartofcountlessAIapplications,likeself-drivingcartechnology.Beyondhertechnicalcontributions,LiisafaithfuladvocateformoralAIdevelopment.ShefoundedtheHuman-CenteredAIInstitutetoadvanceAIresearchthatimprovesthehumancondition.Moreover,Li’sinfluenceextendstopromotingdiversityinAI,throughinitiativeslikeAI4ALL,whicheducateshistoricallyexcludedtalentsinthefield.HerdevotiontoAIdevelopmentearnsherthenameof“theGodmotherofAI”.4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Li’spursuitoffurtherexcellence. B.Li’sstrugglesinthenewlife.C.Li’seffortsinbalancingstudiesandwork. D.Li’sgratitudetoherteachers.5.WhatisspecialaboutImageNet?A.Itrecognizesasingleobjectatatime. B.Itproducesahugenumberofimages.C.Itautomatesimage-recognitionprocess. D.Itfeaturesextensiveimagerecognition.6.WhydoestheauthormentiontheHuman-CenteredAIInstitute?A.TopraiseLi’soutstandingtechnicalcompetence.B.TohighlightLi’sstatusintheAIresearchfield.C.TodemonstrateLi’sdevotiontomoralAIdevelopment.D.ToemphasizeLi’sinfluenceonadvancingdiversityinAI.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLi’scharacter?A.Creativeandcaring. B.Ambitiousandoptimistic.C.Cautiousandpatriotic. D.Conventionalanddetermined.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了李飛飛從中國青少年成長為人工智能領(lǐng)軍人物的非凡歷程，包括她在美生活的艱辛、科研成就以及對道德AI發(fā)展和行業(yè)多樣性的貢獻(xiàn)。【4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“HerlifetookadramaticturnwhenherfamilymovedtoAmerica.Initially,thefamilydidn’tspeakEnglish,sotheburdenoftranslationfellonLi.Shecreditedkindteachersathernewhighschoolforhelpingherovercomechallenges,asshedevelopedlanguageskillsandregainedheracademicexcellence.Outsideschool,sheworkedtirelesslyinlowpayingjobstosupportherfamily.Duringthisperiod,shefeltlikeanoutsiderwithfewfriends,sufferingfromisolation(孤獨).(當(dāng)她的家人搬到美國時，她的生活發(fā)生了巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變。起初，她的家人不會說英語，所以翻譯的重?fù)?dān)落在了李的身上。她感謝新高中善良的老師幫助她克服挑戰(zhàn)，因為她發(fā)展了語言技能，重新恢復(fù)了學(xué)業(yè)上的優(yōu)異表現(xiàn)。校外，她不知疲倦地從事低薪工作來養(yǎng)家。在此期間，她覺得自己像個局外人，朋友很少，飽受孤獨之苦)”可知，該段主要講述了李飛飛在新生活中面臨語言、學(xué)業(yè)、工作和社交等方面的種種困難和掙扎。故選B項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“AtPrinceton,LibegantopioneerImageNet,alargescaleimagedatabaseinvisualobjectrecognitionsoftware.Frustratedbyherpeers’inefficientapproachoftrainingcomputerstorecognizeoneimageatatime,sheintroducedcomputerstoavastnumberofobjectsbasedonchildren’svisuallearningmethods.ThisledtothecreationofImageNet,whichinvolvedamassivelabelingeffortforoverthreemillionimages.(在普林斯頓大學(xué)，李飛飛開始開創(chuàng)ImageNet，這是一個用于視覺目標(biāo)識別軟件的大規(guī)模圖像數(shù)據(jù)庫。她對同行們一次訓(xùn)練計算機識別一張圖像的低效方法感到沮喪，于是她根據(jù)兒童的視覺學(xué)習(xí)方法讓計算機接觸大量的物體。這促成了ImageNet的創(chuàng)建，該數(shù)據(jù)庫涉及對超過三百萬張圖像進行大規(guī)模的標(biāo)注工作)”可知，ImageNet的特別之處在于它具有廣泛的圖像識別功能。故選D項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Beyondhertechnicalcontributions,LiisafaithfuladvocateformoralAIdevelopment.ShefoundedtheHumanCenteredAIInstitutetoadvanceAIresearchthatimprovesthehumancondition.(除了技術(shù)貢獻(xiàn)之外，李飛飛是道德人工智能發(fā)展的堅定倡導(dǎo)者。她創(chuàng)立了以人為本的人工智能研究所，以推進改善人類狀況的人工智能研究)”可知，作者提到以人為本的人工智能研究所是為了證明李飛飛對道德人工智能發(fā)展的奉獻(xiàn)。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Frustratedbyherpeers’inefficientapproachoftrainingcomputerstorecognizeoneimageatatime,sheintroducedcomputerstoavastnumberofobjectsbasedonchildren’svisuallearningmethods.ThisledtothecreationofImageNet(她對同行們一次訓(xùn)練計算機識別一張圖像的低效方法感到沮喪，于是她根據(jù)兒童的視覺學(xué)習(xí)方法讓計算機接觸大量的物體。這促成了ImageNet的創(chuàng)建)”可知，她不局限于傳統(tǒng)方法，而是創(chuàng)造性地開創(chuàng)了ImageNet，體現(xiàn)了她的創(chuàng)造性；根據(jù)第五段中“ShefoundedtheHumanCenteredAIInstitutetoadvanceAIresearchthatimprovesthehumancondition.Moreover,Li’sinfluenceextendstopromotingdiversityinAI,throughinitiativeslikeAI4ALL,whicheducateshistoricallyexcludedtalentsinthefield.(她創(chuàng)立了以人為本的人工智能研究所，以推進改善人類狀況的人工智能研究。此外，李飛飛的影響力還延伸到促進人工智能領(lǐng)域的多樣性，通過像AI4ALL這樣的倡議，該倡議為該領(lǐng)域歷史上被排除在外的人才提供教育)”可知，她關(guān)心人類狀況和行業(yè)人才的多樣性，體現(xiàn)了她的愛心。所以她是有創(chuàng)造力且有愛心的。故選A項。COurearliestancestorstrappedorhuntedwhatmeattheyate.Whenwelearnedtodomesticate(馴化)animals,weraisedthemonourland,orwewanderedthelandwithourherds.Nomatterwhichtribewebelongedto,ouranimalswereourproperty.Weatetheirfleshinsmallportions,andweatealmosteverybitofthem,especiallythepoorestamongus.TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedmeat.Inthe19thcentury,refrigerationenabledmeattobetruckedinfromfaraway,orshippedfromevenfurtheraway,whicheventuallyledtothedestroyingofforestsinplaceslikeBrazil.Productionthenbecamemoreefficient.Bythelate1940s,antibiotics(抗生素)becameroutineinchickenfeed.Bythelate1990s,geneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因的)cornandsoybroughtabundantcropsofanimalfeed.Animalswerebredtobebiggerandfaster-growing.IntheU.S.,governmentsubsidies(補貼)helped:freegroundwater,federallybackedloans,priceguaranteesforfeedcrops.Andmeatwentbig.Todaythe$1trillionglobalmeatindustryisdominatedbyahandfulofcompanies,includingJBS,Cargill,andTyson.Since1961,meatproductionhasincreasedfourtimes,dwarfingthegrowthinthehumanpopulation,whichmerelydoubled.Meatwentfrombeingspecialtobeinganeverydayright.Themorewedeveloped,themorefleshweate.China’smeatconsumptionjumpedsharply,fromabout6.6poundsperpersonin1961tomorethan140poundsin2024.ButtheUnitedStatesbecamethelionsofPlanetCarnivore(食肉動物).Onaverage,Americanswentfromeatingaround207poundsofmeatin1961to280poundsin2024,andchickencametodominate.Itwasn’tjustchickenconsumptionthatchanged.Followachickentrucktothebutchery—continuedforestdestruction,analarmingriseinantibiotic-resistantbacteria,ever-increasinggreenhousegasemissions—andyourealizewhatadarkshadowwehavecastoverwherewelive.8.HowdidtheIndustrialRevolutionaffectmeat?A.Itcausedasharpfallinthepriceofmeat. B.Itdecreasedthenutritionalvalueofmeat.C.Itrestrictedtheuseofantibioticsinmeat. D.Itrevolutionizedmeatproductionanddistribution.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwarfing”meaninparagraph3?A.Makingsomethingseemsmall. B.Greatlyexpandingsomething.C.Matchingsomethinginnumber. D.Negativelyimpactingsomething.10.Howdoestheauthorshowtherapidincreaseinmeatconsumption?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Bygivingexplanations.C.Byintroducingaconcept. D.Bymakingaprediction.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AntibioticsHasTransformedChickenFeed B.GlobalCompaniesDominateMeatIndustryC.OurTasteforFleshHasExhaustedtheEarth D.MeatProductionResultsinForestDestruction【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了肉類生產(chǎn)從早期到現(xiàn)在的變化，闡述了工業(yè)化對肉類生產(chǎn)的影響、肉類消費的增長情況以及由此帶來的環(huán)境問題?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedmeat.Inthe19thcentury,refrigerationenabledmeattobetruckedinfromfaraway,orshippedfromevenfurtheraway,whicheventuallyledtothedestroyingofforestsinplaceslikeBrazil.Productionthenbecamemoreefficient.Bythelate1940s,antibiotics(抗生素)becameroutineinchickenfeed.Bythelate1990s,geneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因的)cornandsoybroughtabundantcropsofanimalfeed.Animalswerebredtobebiggerandfaster-growing.(工業(yè)革命改變了肉類。19世紀(jì)，制冷技術(shù)使肉類可以從遙遠(yuǎn)的地方用卡車運來，甚至從更遠(yuǎn)的地方運來，這最終導(dǎo)致了巴西等地森林的破壞。隨后生產(chǎn)變得更有效率。到20世紀(jì)40年代末，抗生素在雞飼料中成為常規(guī)添加物。到20世紀(jì)90年代末，轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米和大豆帶來了豐富的動物飼料作物。動物被培育得更大、生長更快)”可知，工業(yè)革命在肉類的生產(chǎn)(如培育動物、飼料變化等)和運輸(制冷技術(shù)使遠(yuǎn)距離運輸成為可能)方面帶來了巨大變革。故選D項?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Since1961,meatproductionhasincreasedfourtimes,dwarfingthegrowthinthehumanpopulation,whichmerelydoubled.(自1961年以來，肉類產(chǎn)量增長了四倍，dwarfing人口的增長，而人口僅增長了一倍)”可知，肉類產(chǎn)量增長四倍，而人口只增長一倍，對比之下，人口增長就顯得很少了。所以“dwarfing”意思是“使某物顯得小”。故選A項。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“China’smeatconsumptionjumpedsharply,fromabout6.6poundsperpersonin1961tomorethan140poundsin2024.ButtheUnitedStatesbecamethelionsofPlanetCarnivore(食肉動物).Onaverage,Americanswentfromeatingaround207poundsofmeatin1961to280poundsin2024,andchickencametodominate.(中國的肉類消費量急劇上升，從1961年人均約6.6磅增加到2024年的超過140磅。但美國成了地球上的食肉“霸主”。平均而言，美國人從1961年每人約吃207磅肉增加到2024年的280磅，雞肉占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位)”可知，作者通過對比不同年份中國和美國的人均肉類消費量，來體現(xiàn)肉類消費的快速增長。故選A項?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合最后一段中“Followachickentrucktothebutchery—continuedforestdestruction,analarmingriseinantibioticresistantbacteria,everincreasinggreenhousegasemissions—andyourealizewhatadarkshadowwehavecastoverwherewelive.(跟著一輛運雞的卡車到屠宰場——持續(xù)的森林破壞、抗抗生素細(xì)菌的驚人增加、不斷增加的溫室氣體排放——你就會意識到我們給我們生活的地方投下了多么黑暗的陰影)”可知，文章主要講述了人類對肉類的大量需求和消費導(dǎo)致了一系列環(huán)境問題，地球不堪重負(fù)。C選項“OurTasteforFleshHasExhaustedtheEarth(我們對肉類的喜好讓地球不堪重負(fù))”能概括文章主旨，適合做標(biāo)題。故選C項。DTwinshavebeenrareinhumanhistoryandforthatreasoncanseemspecial.Manyculturesassociatetwinswithhealthandenergy,whileothersseethemasareminderoftheduality(雙重性)oflifeanddeath,goodandevil,andsomefamoustwinsareevencreditedwiththebirthofnations.Despitethefactthatalmostallprimates(靈長目動物)today,includinghumans,usuallygivebirthtojustonebaby,ourmostrecentcommonancientancestors,wholivedabout60millionyearsagolikelygavebirthtotwinsasthestandard,accordingtotherecentresearch.Researchershavebeenstudyingtheevolutionoflittersize—thenumberofbabiesbornperpregnancy—foryearstofindoutwhenandwhytwinpregnanciesbecameuncommon.Andthebestwaytoreconstructthehistoryoflittersizeistomaptheknownlittersizeofasmanyspeciesaspossibleacrossthemammalianfamilytreeandthenusedmathematicalmodels.Butoutsideofrareeventswhereentireanimalfamiliesarefossilizedtogether,itisextraordinarilydifficulttoassesslittersizeforextinctspeciesfromthefossilizedskeleton(骨骼)alone.Sotheyinsteadcollecteddataonasmanylivingmammalsaspossible,fromnearly1,000livingmammalspeciesforinformationabouthowmanybabiesarecommonlyborntoeachspecies.Basedonthestudy,theswitchtosinglebirthsinmanyprimates,includinghumans,occurredatleast50millionyearsago,leadingtotheevolutionofincreasinglylargerbodiesandbrains.Thisadaptationallowedforthedevelopmentoflargehumanbabieswithsizablebrainscapableofcomplexlearningasbabiesandyoungchildren,andincreasedtheirchancesofsurvival.Furthermore,becausemultiplepregnancyrequiresmoreenergyfromthemother,earlyprimateancestorswhogavebirthtojustonelargebabymayhavebeenatasurvivaladvantage.Thefindingsdon’tmeanthathavingtwinstodayisadisadvantage.Thatisquiteadifferentexperiencefromourtinyprimateancestorsbirthinginthetrees60millionyearsago.12.Whatdoweknowabouttwinsinhumanhistory?A.Twinbirthhasbeenrelativelyinfrequent.B.Twinsareviewedasasymbolofharmony.C.Twinsaremorelikelytobecomenationfounders.D.Twinbirthhasseenanoticeableincreaseinrecenttimes.13.Whichapproachwasadoptedinthestudyoflittersizeevolution?A.Drawingmammalianfamilytrees. B.Employinglivingmammaldata.C.Constructmodelsofextinctspecies. D.Assessingfossilizedskeletons.14.Whatledtotheshiftfromtwinstosinglebirthaccordingtothestudy?A.Thegrowingpreferenceforsinglebirthsamonghumans.B.Theincreasingcomplexityofsocialstructureinprimatesocieties.C.Thenecessityformotherstoconserveenergyduringtheparentingprocess.D.Thenaturalprocessofgeneticdevelopmentofbodysizeandbraincapacity.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstwins’evolution?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Approving. D.Ambiguous.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于雙胞胎在人類歷史和靈長目動物進化中的相關(guān)研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)，探討了雙胞胎出生頻率的變化及其背后的進化原因?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Twinshavebeenrareinhumanhistoryandforthatreasoncanseemspecial.(在人類歷史上，雙胞胎一直較為罕見，正因如此，他們似乎顯得很特別。)”可知，在人類歷史上，雙胞胎一直很罕見，即雙胞胎的出生相對不常見。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Sotheyinsteadcollecteddataonasmanylivingmammalsaspossible,fromnearly1,000livingmammalspeciesforinformationabouthowmanybabiesarecommonlyborntoeachspecies.(因此，他們轉(zhuǎn)而盡可能多地收集現(xiàn)存哺乳動物的數(shù)據(jù)，從近1000種現(xiàn)存的哺乳動物物種中獲取有關(guān)每個物種通常生育多少幼崽的信息。)”可知，研究人員在研究產(chǎn)仔數(shù)量的進化過程中，采用的方法是收集盡可能多的現(xiàn)存哺乳動物的數(shù)據(jù)。故選B?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Basedonthestudy,theswitchtosinglebirthsinmanyprimates,includinghumans,occurredatleast50millionyearsago,leadingtotheevolutionofincreasinglylargerbodiesandbrains.Thisadaptationallowedforthedevelopmentoflargehumanbabieswithsizablebrainscapableofcomplexlearningasbabiesandyoungchildren,andincreasedtheirchancesofsurvival.Furthermore,becausemultiplepregnancyrequiresmoreenergyfromthemother,earlyprimateancestorswhogavebirthtojustonelargebabymayhavebeenatasurvivaladvantage.(根據(jù)這項研究，包括人類在內(nèi)的許多靈長目動物向單胎生育的轉(zhuǎn)變至少發(fā)生在5000萬年前，這導(dǎo)致了身體和大腦逐漸進化得越來越大。這種適應(yīng)性變化使得人類能夠生育出大腦發(fā)育良好的大型嬰兒，這些嬰兒和幼兒具備復(fù)雜的學(xué)習(xí)能力，并且增加了他們的生存幾率。此外，由于多胎妊娠需要母親消耗更多的能量，因此早期只生育一個大型嬰兒的靈長目動物祖先可能在生存方面具有優(yōu)勢。)”可知，向單胎出生的轉(zhuǎn)變導(dǎo)致了身體和大腦的進化，而生育一個大寶寶的早期靈長類祖先可能具有生存優(yōu)勢，也就是說身體大小和腦容量的遺傳發(fā)展的自然過程導(dǎo)致了從雙胞胎到單胎出生的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選D?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章中作者先介紹了在人類歷史上雙胞胎的一些情況，如在不同文化中的象征意義，以及雙胞胎在歷史上較為罕見這一事實。接著詳細(xì)闡述了關(guān)于靈長目動物每胎產(chǎn)仔數(shù)量演變的研究過程，包括研究的方法、研究結(jié)果。再根據(jù)最后一段“Thefindingsdon’tmeanthathavingtwinstodayisadisadvantage.Thatisquiteadifferentexperiencefromourtinyprimateancestorsbirthinginthetrees60millionyearsago.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)并不意味著如今生育雙胞胎是不利的。這與我們6000萬年前在樹上生育后代的小型靈長目動物祖先的經(jīng)歷截然不同。)”可知，作者只是客觀地陳述研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文中的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Atsomepoint,everyonehasfacedunkindremarksoractions.Whetherit’steasingfromclassmatesorharshwordsfrompeers,dealingwithsuchsituationscanbechallenging.____16____Herearesometipstohelpyourespondeffectivelyandbuildyourconfidence.Practicecomebacks.Quick,confidentreplies-knownascomebacks-canstopbulliesintheirtracks.Insteadofwaitingfortheperfectmoment,trypracticing.Askafriendorasympatheticadulttorole-playwithyou.Ifyoudon’tfeelcomfortablewiththis,youcantryitonyourowninthemirror.Noticewhichstyleofcomebackfeelsmostnaturaltoyou.Forexample,ifhumordoesn’tfeelnatural,acalmresponselike“Areyoufinished?”maybemoreeffective.____17____Learnalittleaboutyourbully.Bulliesareusuallyverysociallyintelligentandgreatpeople-readers.Theycaneasilyseewhichcommentsgetunderpeople’sskin.Youcanbenefitfrombuildingupthissameskill,butusingitfordefenseinsteadofforaggression(likethebully).Watchthebully’sreactionwhenyoudeliveryourcomebackandthereactionofothersaroundhim.Didherespondwithsurpriseorwalkaway?____18____Watchforpatternsandmakenoteofwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t.____19____Sometimescomebackscanleadtomoreinsultsandevenviolence.Keepaneyeoutforsignsthatthepersonisbecomingaggressive.Thepersonmaytouchhisheadorfaceandclench(握緊)hisfists.Thepersonmayremoveanarticleofclothing,andmaycrouchdownslightly.Inaddition,thepersonmayturnhisnon-dominantsidetowardyou;so,aleft-handedpersonmayturnhisrightsidetowardyou.Ifyounoticeanyofthesebehaviors,donottrytomakeacomebackandbackawayfromtheperson.Gethelp.Ifsomeoneisbullyingyouregularly,gethelpfromateacheroraparent.____20____Ifyoucan’tsolvetheprobleminformally,getsomeoneinapositionofauthorityinvolved.Youshouldn’thavetodealwithconstantinsultsfromabullyinanysituation.A.Comeupwithsafetyideas.B.Watchforphysicalsignalsofviolence.C.Thenthecomebackstyleusedwassuccessful.D.Bulliesarelesslikelytopickonyouifyouaren’talone.E.Youcanalsogetinalotoftroubleforusingthesekindsofinsults.F.Whileignoringthemsometimesworks,amoreactiveapproachisoftenneeded.G.Usewhatworksbestforyouuntilyoucanpracticeandusetheothermethodseffectively.【答案】16.F17.G18.C19.B20.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了面對他人不友善言行時，如何有效回應(yīng)和增強自信的一些建議。【16題詳析】上文“Atsomepoint,everyonehasfacedunkindremarksoractions.Whetherit’steasingfromclassmatesorharshwordsfrompeers,dealingwithsuchsituationscanbechallenging.(在某個時刻，每個人都曾面對過不友善的言論或行為。無論是來自同學(xué)的嘲笑還是同齡人的嚴(yán)厲言辭，應(yīng)對這類情況都可能頗具挑戰(zhàn)性。)”指出人們會遇到不友善情況且應(yīng)對有挑戰(zhàn)，F(xiàn)選項“Whileignoringthemsometimesworks,amoreactiveapproachisoftenneeded.(雖然有時忽視它們會起作用，但通常需要更積極的方法。)”既提到了常見的忽視方法，又引出后文要介紹積極應(yīng)對的建議，與上下文邏輯連貫。故選F項?！?7題詳析】上文“Noticewhichstyleofcomebackfeelsmostnaturaltoyou.Forexample,ifhumordoesn’tfeelnatural,acalmresponselike‘Areyoufinished?’maybemoreeffective.(注意哪種回應(yīng)方式對你來說最自然。例如，如果幽默對你來說不自然，像‘你說完了嗎?’這樣冷靜的回應(yīng)可能更有效。)”強調(diào)要找到適合自己的回應(yīng)方式，G選項“Usewhatworksbestforyouuntilyoucanpracticeandusetheothermethodseffectively.(使用最適合你的方法，直到你能有效練習(xí)并使用其他方法。)”承接上文，進一步說明先使用適合自己的方式，符合邏輯。故選G項。【18題詳析】上文“Watchthebully’sreactionwhenyoudeliveryourcomebackandthereactionofothersaroundhim.Didherespondwithsurpriseorwalkaway?(當(dāng)你做出回應(yīng)時，觀察欺負(fù)者的反應(yīng)以及他周圍其他人的反應(yīng)。他是驚訝地回應(yīng)還是走開了?)”提出要觀察欺負(fù)者的反應(yīng)，C選項“Thenthecomebackstyleusedwassuccessful.(那么所使用的回應(yīng)方式就是成功的。)”根據(jù)上文提到的欺負(fù)者的反應(yīng)，得出回應(yīng)方式成功的結(jié)論，邏輯合理。故選C項。【19題詳析】下文“Sometimescomebackscanleadtomoreinsultsandevenviolence.Keepaneyeoutforsignsthatthepersonisbecomingaggressive.(有時回應(yīng)可能會導(dǎo)致更多的侮辱甚至暴力。留意那個人變得有攻擊性的跡象。)”主要圍繞留意暴力的身體信號展開，B選項“Watchforphysicalsignalsofviolence.(留意暴力的身體信號。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，起到了總領(lǐng)段落的作用。故選B項?！?0題詳析】上文“Ifsomeoneisbullyingyouregularly,gethelpfromateacheroraparent.(如果有人經(jīng)常欺負(fù)你，向老師或家長尋求幫助。)”建議向他人尋求幫助，D選項“Bulliesarelesslikelytopickonyouifyouaren’talone.(如果你不是獨自一人，欺負(fù)者就不太可能找你麻煩。)”說明尋求幫助后有人陪伴，欺負(fù)者就不敢輕易欺負(fù)你，與上文尋求幫助的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。故選D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩小節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Acouple’sloveforanimalsandeachotherinspiredaheartwarming40thbirthdaygesture.AndrewDuhe,aCEOofMooshotInnovations,Inc.,andhiswifeJenniferhavebeen____21____atChesapeakeAnimalServicesforoverayear.Their____22____totheadoptioncenterhasprovidednotonlycareforanimalsinneedbutalsoaunique____23____forthecouplethemselves.Recently,theyexperiencedtheheartbreakof____24____theirbeloveddogunexpectedly,alossthathasbeendifficulttotackle.Despitetheir____25____,AndrewcameupwithameaningfulwaytocelebrateJennifer’s40thbirthdayandshowhis____26____forherdedicationtohelpinganimals.“IinitiallyaskedMissCasey,thevolunteercoordinator(協(xié)調(diào)者),howmanydog____27____wehad.Bycoincidence,thereareactually40,soIthoughtitwasfitting,”Andrewsaid.“40doghousesanda40thbirthday,theywent____28____.”Hedecidedto____29____theadoptionfeesforall40shelterpetsatthecenter,totalinga(n)_____30_____sumofover$4,000.Jenniferwas_____31_____byAndrew’sthoughtfulact,describingitastheperfectbirthdaypresent.Sheemphasizedthatwhatshe_____32_____mostwasAndrew’sunderstandingandsupport,whichmadethe_____33_____evenmorespecial.Thecouplebelievesthattheiractofkindnesscan_____34_____arippleeffect,encouragingotherstofollowsuitand_____35_____makingtheworldabetterplace.21.A.performing B.exploring C.investigating D.volunteering22.A.commitment B.donation C.addiction D.exposure23.A.prospect B.reward C.bond D.challenge24.A.encountering B.missing C.abandoning D.losing25.A.sorrow B.anxiety C.anger D.disappointment26.A.passion B.appreciation C.preference D.sympathy27.A.houses B.shops C.owners D.lovers28.A.stepbystep B.handinhand C.facetoface D.oneonone29.A.charge B.raise C.cover D.estimate30.A.insignificant B.limited C.identical D.substantial31.A.amused B.touched C.embarrassed D.convinced32.A.advocated B.expected C.attained D.valued33.A.adoption B.service C.gesture D.exchange34.A.transform B.forecast C.create D.favor35.A.subscribeto B.contributeto C.referto D.relateto【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.A28.B29.C30.D31.B32.D33.C34.C35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一對熱愛動物的夫婦在切薩皮克動物服務(wù)中心做志愿者，意外失去愛犬后，丈夫為慶祝妻子40歲生日支付了收容所40只寵物的領(lǐng)養(yǎng)費，這一善舉令人感動。【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Mooshot創(chuàng)新公司的首席執(zhí)行官安德魯·杜赫和他的妻子詹妮弗在切薩皮克動物服務(wù)中心做志愿者已經(jīng)一年多了。A.performing表演；B.exploring探索；C.investigating調(diào)查；D.volunteering做志愿工作。根據(jù)后文“atChesapeakeAnimalServicesforoverayear”和“Theirtotheadoptioncenterhasprovidednotonlycareforanimalsinneed”可推知，他們在動物服務(wù)中心做志愿工作照顧需要幫助的動物。故選D項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對收養(yǎng)中心的奉獻(xiàn)不僅為需要幫助的動物提供了照顧，也為這對夫婦自己創(chuàng)造了一種獨特的聯(lián)系。A.commitment奉獻(xiàn)，承諾；B.donation捐贈；C.addiction上癮；D.exposure暴露。根據(jù)前文“foroverayear”可知他們長時間在動物服務(wù)中心做志愿，體現(xiàn)出他們對收養(yǎng)中心的奉獻(xiàn)精神。故選A項。【23題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對收養(yǎng)中心的奉獻(xiàn)不僅為需要幫助的動物提供了照顧，也為這對夫婦自己創(chuàng)造了一種獨特的聯(lián)系。A.prospect前景；B.reward獎勵；C.bond聯(lián)系，紐帶；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。夫妻二人一起長期在動物服務(wù)中心做志愿活動，這種共同的經(jīng)歷會讓他們之間產(chǎn)生更獨特的情感聯(lián)系。故選C項?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最近，他們意外地失去了心愛的狗，這一損失很難應(yīng)對。A.encountering遇到；B.missing想念，錯過；C.abandoning拋棄；D.losing失去。后文“alossthathasbeendifficulttotackle”明確提到了“l(fā)oss”，可知他們是失去了愛犬。故選D項?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管他們很悲傷，安德魯還是想出了一個有意義的方式來慶祝詹妮弗的4歲生日，并表達(dá)他對她致力于幫助動物的感激之情。A.sorrow悲傷；B.anxiety焦慮；C.anger憤怒；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)前文“Recently,theyexperiencedtheheartbreakoftheirbeloveddogunexpectedly,alossthathasbeendifficulttotackle.”可知，他們失去了心愛的狗，所以他們處于悲傷的情緒狀態(tài)。故選A項。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管他們很悲傷，安德魯還是想出了一個有意義的方式來慶祝詹妮弗的40歲生日，并表達(dá)他對她致力于幫助動物的感激之情。A.passion激情；B.appreciation感激；C.preference偏愛；D.sympathy同情。根據(jù)后文“forherdedicationtohelpinganimals”可推知，安德魯用特殊的方式來慶祝詹妮弗的生日，是為了表達(dá)對她致力于幫助動物這一行為的感激。故選B項?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我最初問志愿者協(xié)調(diào)員凱西小姐，我們有多少個狗屋。巧的是，實際上有40個，所以我覺得很合適，”安德魯說。A.houses房子；B.shops商店；C.owners主人；D.lovers愛好者。根據(jù)后文“40doghousesanda40thbirthday”可知，安德魯詢問的是狗屋的數(shù)量。故選A項?！?8題詳析】考查短語辨析。句意：“40個狗屋和40歲生日，它們很相配?！盇.stepbystep逐步地；B.handinhand緊密相連，相配；C.facetoface面對面；D.oneonone一對一。根據(jù)前文“Bycoincidence,thereareactually40,soIthoughtitwasfitting”可知，40個狗屋和40歲生日這種巧合讓它們顯得很搭配。故選B項?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他決定支付中心所有40只收容所寵物的領(lǐng)養(yǎng)費，總計超過4000美元的一筆可觀的費用。A.charge收費；B.raise籌集；C.cover支付；D.estimate估計。根據(jù)后文提到費用的具體金額可知，安德魯是要承擔(dān)支付這些寵物領(lǐng)養(yǎng)費的費用。故選C項?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他決定支付中心所有40只收容所寵物的領(lǐng)養(yǎng)費，總計超過4,000美元的一筆可觀的費用。A.insignificant不重要的；B.limited有限的；C.