現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1.什么是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（PresentPerfectTense）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響或結(jié)果，或者動(dòng)作從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。它強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成性和與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：have/has+過(guò)去分詞。have用于第一人稱(chēng)（I,we）、第二人稱(chēng)（you）和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)（they）。has用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)（he,she,it）。例句：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.（我已經(jīng)完成了我的作業(yè)。）分析：動(dòng)作“完成作業(yè)”發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，即作業(yè)已經(jīng)完成。ShehaslivedinBeijingfor10years.（她已經(jīng)在北京住了10年。）分析：動(dòng)作“住在北京”從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù)性。

3.常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：already（已經(jīng)）yet（還，已經(jīng)）just（剛剛）ever（曾經(jīng)）never（從未）sofar（到目前為止）uptonow（直到現(xiàn)在）recently（最近）lately（最近）for+時(shí)間段（表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間）since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)（表示從某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)開(kāi)始）例句：Ihavealreadyseenthatmovie.（我已經(jīng)看過(guò)那部電影了。）Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?（你完成作業(yè)了嗎？）4.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的原則將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，遵循以下原則：將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。2.將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e+過(guò)去分詞”。3.將主語(yǔ)變?yōu)椤癰y+賓語(yǔ)”（如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）。例句：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Theteacherhascorrectedthehomework.（老師已經(jīng)批改了作業(yè)。）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Thehomeworkhasbeencorrectedbytheteacher.（作業(yè)已經(jīng)被老師批改了。）5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞。例句：Thebookhasbeenreadbymanystudents.（這本書(shū)已經(jīng)被許多學(xué)生讀過(guò)了。）分析：動(dòng)作“讀”發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，即書(shū)已經(jīng)被讀過(guò)。Thehousehasbeencleaned.（房子已經(jīng)被打掃了。）分析：動(dòng)作“打掃”發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，即房子現(xiàn)在是干凈的。6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成性和與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，通常用于以下情況：1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成性：Theprojecthasbeencompleted.（項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)完成了。）2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果：Thewindowhasbeenbroken.（窗戶(hù)已經(jīng)被打破了。）3.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（如果需要）：TheletterhasbeenwrittenbyJohn.（這封信已經(jīng)被約翰寫(xiě)好了。）練習(xí)Thehomework___B___bytheteacher.A.hascorrectedB.hasbeencorrectedC.correctedD.wascorrected2.Thebook__B____bymanystudents.A.hasreadB.hasbeenreadC.readD.wasread3.Thehouse__B____recently.hascleanedB.hasbeencleanedC.cleanedD.wascleaned4.Theletter__B____byJohn.A.haswrittenB.hasbeenwrittenC.wrote

D.waswritten5.Theproject___B___just.hascompletedB.hasbeencompletedC.completedD.wascompleted

6.Thewindow__B____bythestorm.hasbrokenB.hasbeenbrokenC.broke

D.wasbroken7.Thecake___B___bythechildren.haseatenB.hasbeeneatenC.ate

D.waseaten8.Thecar__B____bythemechanic.A.hasrepairedB.hasbeenrepairedC.repairedD.wasrepaired9.Thereport__B____bythemanager.hasreviewedB.hasbeenreviewedC.reviewedD.wasreviewed10.Themovie__B____bymanypeople.A.haswatchedB.hasbeenwatchedC.watchedD.waswatched11.Theproblem__B____bytheteam.A.hassolvedB.hasbeensolvedC.solvedD.wassolved12.Theroom__B____bythecleaner.A.hascleanedB.hasbeencleanedC.cleanedD.wascleanedThehomework______(correct)bytheteacher.2.Thebook______(read)bymanystudents.3.Thehouse______(clean)recently.4.Theletter______(write)byJohn.5.Theproject______(complete)just.manypeople.6.Thewindow______(break)bythestorm.7.Thecake______(eat)bythechildren.8.Thecar______(repair)bythemechanic.9.Thereport______(review)bythemanager.10.Themovie______(watch)byhasbeencorrected2.hasbeenread3.ha