湖南師大附中2025屆高三月考試卷（一）

英語(yǔ)

本試題卷分為聽力、閱讀、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用和寫作四個(gè)部分，共10頁(yè)。時(shí)量120分鐘。滿分150分。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到

答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題L5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.WherewillPeterspendhisvacation?

A.Beijing.B.Paris.C.NewYork.

2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Roommates.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Husbandandwife.

3.Whatistheman'sproblem?

A.Heneedsaride.B.Heneedsanewjob.C.Hedoesn'thaveinsurance.

4.Whatdoesthewomanimply?

A.Shedoesn'tplantocontinuestudyingnextyear.

B.Shehasalreadytoldthemanaboutherplan.

C.Sheisn'tplanningtoleaveheruniversity.

5.Whydoesthemanlikerealisticart?

A.Itmakeshimrelaxed.B.It'seasytounderstand.C.Itinspiresimagination.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各

小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthenewdesign?

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A.Theredwalls.B.Thenewpiano.C.Thenewfloor.

7.Whatdoesthemanwanttodoattheend?

A.Haveameal.B.Repairthepiano.C.Listentolivemusic.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.Whatisthewomandissatisfiedwith?

A.Thelivingroom.B.Thebedroom.C.Thekitchen.

9.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthelivingroom?

A.Newandmodern.B.Smallbutwell-furnished.C.Bigandbright.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WhydoesJackfeelexcitedaboutthelecture?

A.He'llgetabookforfree.

B.HeisinterestedintheSouthPole.

C.Headmirestheexplorerverymuch.

11.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?

A.Attheschoolgate.B.Nearthestation.C.Inthelecturehall.

12.HowwillJackgettoMandy?sschool?

A.Bybus.B.Bysubway.C.Bybike.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Whatwillthewomandoonthecomputer?

A.Searchforanarticle.B.Dealwithsomework.C.Purchasenewspapers.

14.WhatdoweknowaboutMax?

A.Hehasmixedfeelingsnow.B.Heisadmittedtoacollege.C.Heisafraidofleavinghome.

15.WhatisRoxanneWhite?

A.AconsultantsB.Aprofessor.C.Ajournalist.

16WhatwillMaxdo?

A.Givealecture.B.Visitauniversity.C.MeetRoxanneWhite.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.WhathappenedtoClairewhenshewassixyearsold?

A.Hermotherlefther.B.Shelostherfather.C.Shelivedwithheraunt.

18.WhatdidClairehavetodoat8?

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A.Workonthefarm.B.Makemealsforthefamily.C.Gotoschoolearly.

19.HowdidClairecompleteherhighschool?

A.Bylearningfromfarmers.B.Byteachingherself.C.Bygoingtonightschool.

20.HowwasClaire?schildhood?

A.Happy.B.Tough.C.Carefree.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Volunteeringhaschangedoverthesepastfewyearsandvirtualvolunteeringishereforyoutotry!Findyour

perfectremoteopportunitybybecomingaSenseVirtualBuddyingvolunteer.

TheRoleofaVirtualBuddy

SenseVirtualBuddyingmatchesvolunteerswithdisabledpeoplewhohavesimilarintereststoensureyou'll

havelotsoffuntogether.Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknoweachotherremotelythroughvideocalls,

phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.You'llarrangeweeklysessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcould

beplayinggames,doingartsandcrafts,playingmusic,planting-therearesomanypossibilities!Wewillprovide

youwithweeklythemedactivitiestohelptosupportyouinplanningyourinteractionswithyourbuddy.

WhatWeCanOfferYou

Beforeyoustartyourvolunteeringrole,we'llmakesurethatyou'vehadthetrainingyouneedtofeelconfident.

Thiswillbedeliveredonlineandthroughvideocalls.Whileyou'revolunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy,you'll

alsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences（ifrequired）,reimbursement（報(bào)銷）ofpre-agreed

expenses（upto￡25）,andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingareal

differencetoaperson'slife.

WhoWeAreLookingfor

Itisessentialthatvolunteersshouldbegoodatexpressingtheirideasandfeelingsandpassionateaboutassisting

peoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestofitinwiththeworld.AndvolunteerswhohaveknowledgeorexperienceofBritish

SignLanguagewillbeprioritized.Youdon'tneedtohavepreviousexperienceofvolunteeringornursingdisabled

people.

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheroleorwouldlikesomemoreinformation,pleasecontactthe

volunteeringteamatvolunteer@

1.Whatisavirtualbuddyexpectedtodo?

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A.Evaluateweeklythemedactivities.B.Tendthedisabledinpersoneveryweek.

C.Matchbuddiesbasedonsimilarinterests.D.Interactwithamatchedbuddyvirtually.

2.WhatcanSenseVirtualBuddyingprovidefortheirvolunteers?

A.Freeface-to-facejobtraining.B.Achancetomeetthesponsors.

C.Awrittenrecordofvolunteering.D.Reimbursementoftravelexpenses.

3.Whichofthefollowingisamust-havequalificationtobeavirtualbuddy?

A.Masteringaforeignsignlanguage.B.Beingcommunicativeandhelpful.

C.Possessingpriorvolunteeringexperience.D.Havingagoodgraspofnursingthedisabled.

【答案】l.D2.C3.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是如何成為一個(gè)SenseVirtualBuddying的志愿者，并介紹了

作為一名志愿者的職責(zé)、待遇和資格要求。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheRoleofaVirtualBuddy部分中的"Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknow

eachotherremotelythroughvideocalls,phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.You'llarrangeweeklysessionsand

planfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbeplayinggames,doingartsandcrafts,playingmusic,planting——there

aresomanypossibilities!（一旦與朋友配對(duì)，你就可以通過(guò)視頻通話、電話、短信、電子郵件或信件遠(yuǎn)程認(rèn)

識(shí)對(duì)方。你將安排每周的會(huì)議，一起計(jì)劃有趣的事情。你可以玩游戲，做藝術(shù)和手工藝，演奏音樂，種植

——有很多的可能性?。笨芍粋€(gè)虛擬的朋友應(yīng)當(dāng)與配對(duì)成功的朋友進(jìn)行虛擬的遠(yuǎn)程互動(dòng)，故選D

項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatWeCanOfferYou部分中的"Whileyou'revolunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy,

you'llalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences（ifrequired）,reimbursement（報(bào)銷）ofpre-

agreedexpenses（upto￡25）,andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhile

makingarealdifferencetoaperson'slife.（當(dāng)你志愿與我們作為一個(gè)虛擬的朋友，你也會(huì)得到一個(gè)書面記述

的志愿服務(wù)和參考（如果需要），報(bào)銷提前同意的費(fèi)用（最高25英鎊），和良好的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)發(fā)展新技能和了

解新的人，同時(shí)能真正改變一個(gè)人的生活）”可知，一個(gè)志愿活動(dòng)的書面記錄將會(huì)被提供給志愿者。故選C

項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhoWeAreLookingfor部分中的“Itisessentialthatvolunteersshouldbegoodat

expressingtheirideasandfeelingsandpassionateaboutassistingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestofitinwiththe

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world.(志愿者必須善于表達(dá)自己的想法和感受，并對(duì)幫助有復(fù)雜殘疾的人融入世界充滿熱情。)”可知，

成為虛擬好友的必要條件是志愿者要有良好的溝通能力和樂于助人。故選B項(xiàng)。

B

KatalinKarikoalongwithhercolleagueDrewWeissmanwontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein

2023forthedevelopmentofmessengerRNA(mRNA)technology.

KarikowasborninJanuary1955,inasmallvillageinHungary.Shehadanambitionfromearlyontobecome

ascientist.Asayoungadult,shebecameinterestedinmRNA,whichcarriesDNAinstructionstotheprotein-making

engineofcells.ShehopedthatmRNAcouldplayakeyroleinthetreatmentofvariousdiseases.Itbecameher

missiontomakeherdreamarealitytohelpcurepatients.However,Karikofacedashortageofmoneyforherresearch

inhercountry,andshethenfacedthechoiceofstoppinganddoingsomethingnotconnectedtohermissionor

continuingherresearchatthepriceofhavingtoleavehercountry.

Aftersearchingforpostsandscholarshipsworldwide,KarikoacceptedanofferfromTempleUniversityin

Philadelphiaforapostdoctoralfellowship.Karikoandherhusbandgaveupeverythingtheyhadintheirhomeland

andboughtaone-waytickettotheU.S.,wheretheyknewnoone.Shewasawareoftherisksbutdidn'tfeel

discouraged.Assheputitinanawardacceptancespeech,'"Followyourdreamsanddon'thesitatetolearnanything

fromanyone.

Shewasinitiallyontracktobecomeafullprofessorbutreceivedrepeatedfundrejections.Undeterredbythe

problemsandchallenges,shechosetocontinueherresearch.Byfocusingonwhatmatteredtohereveryday,she

“accidentally“metherworkpartnerDrewWeissmanwhowasalsointerestedinmRNA.Theyteameduptoworkon

mRNAandpublishedpapersabouttheirgroundbreakingdiscoveryforyears.Thenthepandemichittheworld.The

changedmRNAtechnologyKarikoandWeissmaninventedwasthenusedinvaccinesthatpreventedtheinfection

effectively.

Kariko^lifeisatestamenttofindingone'spassionandthenpursuingiteverysingleday.Manyofusknow

whatwearefondof,butwearenotgoodself-motivatorsonadailybasis.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutKarikofromparagraph2?

A.Shehadaclearsenseofpurpose.B.Shewaspoorwhenshewasyoung.

C.Shewashesitanttoleavehercountry.D.Shelongedtobeadoctortocurepatients.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Undeterredby“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Beingafraidof.B.Notmotivatedby.

C.Beingunawareof.D.Notdiscouragedby.

6.WhatisprobablythemaincontributionofKariko?

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A.SimplifyingthemRNAtechnology.B.MakingthestructureofmRNAclear.

C.LayingthefoundationformRNAvaccines.D.Developingavaccineforaseriousdisease.

7.WhatcanwelearnfromKarik6'ssuccess?

A.Everyminutecounts.B.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

C.Wherethere'sawill,there'saway.D.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.

【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家KatalinKariku的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及對(duì)夢(mèng)想不懈追求，最終

取得成功。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Shehadanambitionfromearlyontobecomeascientist.Asayoungadult,she

becameinterestedinmRNA,whichcarriesDNAinstructionstotheprotein-makingengineofcells.Shehopedthat

mRNAcouldplayakeyroleinthetreatmentofvariousdiseases.Itbecamehermissiontomakeherdreamareality

tohelpcurepatients.（她從小就立志要成為一名科學(xué)家。作為一個(gè)年輕的成年人，她開始對(duì)mRNA感興趣，

它攜帶DNA指令到細(xì)胞的蛋白質(zhì)制造引擎。她希望mRNA能夠在各種疾病的治療中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。幫助

治愈病人成為了她的使命。）”可知，卡里庫(kù)有明確的目標(biāo)感。故選A。

【5題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文"Shewasinitiallyontracktobecomeafullprofessorbutreceivedrepeatedfund

rejections.（她最初有望成為一名正教授，但一再遭到基金拒絕。）"以及后文"theproblemsandchallenges,

shechosetocontinueherresearch”可知，她一再被基金拒絕，但是沒有因?yàn)閱栴}和挑戰(zhàn)而氣餒，選擇繼續(xù)

她的研究。故劃線詞意思是“不氣餒”。故選D。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"TheyteameduptoworkonmRNAandpublishedpapersabouttheir

groundbreakingdiscoveryforyears.Thenthepandemichittheworld.ThechangedmRNAtechnologyKarikoand

Weissmaninventedwasthenusedinvaccinesthatpreventedtheinfectioneffectively.（他們合作研究mRNA,并

發(fā)表了多年關(guān)于這一突破性發(fā)現(xiàn)的論文。然后，大流行襲擊了世界。Kariku和Weissman發(fā)明的改變后的

mRNA技術(shù)隨后被用于有效預(yù)防感染的疫苗。）”可知，卡里庫(kù)的主要貢獻(xiàn)是為mRNA疫苗奠定基礎(chǔ)。故

選C。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Karik6'slifeisatestamenttofindingone'spassionandthenpursuingitevery

singleday.Manyofusknowwhatwearefondof,butwearenotgoodself-motivatorsonadailybasis.（卡里庫(kù)的

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一生證明了找到自己的激情，然后每一天都在追求它。我們中的許多人都知道自己喜歡什么，但在日常生

活中，我們并不善于自我激勵(lì)。)”可知，卡里庫(kù)的成功告訴我們有志者，事竟成。故選C。

C

Researchershavedesignedahand-helddevicethatcancaptureandchangewatermoleculesfromtheairinto

drinkablewaterusingonlysurroundingsunlightasitsenergysource.

Thisatmosphericwaterharvesterusedamaterial,knownasametal-organicframework(MOF).Itcancapture

waterrepeatedlyinthehottestanddriestplaceinNorthAmerica,DeathValleyNationalPark.Thetestsshowedthe

devicecouldprovidecleanwateranywhere,addressinganurgentproblem,asclimatechangespeedsupdrought

conditions.

“Almostone-thirdoftheworld'spopulationlivesinwater-stressedareas.TheUNpredictsthatalmost5billion

peopleonourplanetwillexperiencesomekindofwaterstressforasignificantpartoftheyear2050,“saidOmar

Yaghi.HeistheBerkeleychemistryprofessorwhoinventedMOFsandisleadingthisstudy.ctThisisquiterelevant

totakingadvantageofanewsourceforwater.99

Otherkindsofmaterials,suchassaltsorhydrogels,cannotoperateinextremeweatherconditions,inanenergy-

efficientmannerandwithahighcapacityallatonce.ThenewMOF-poweredharvesterscanbeanexceptionally

powerfultooltoaddresswatershortageissuesrelatedtoanythingfromdrinkingwatertoagriculture.Thistechnology

canalsobeusedtosecurepurewaterinareaswherewaterisplentifulbutnotclean.

It'salsoextremelyefficientatharvestingwater,releasingasdrinkingwater85to90percentofthewaterit

capturesasatmosphericvapor.Itharvestedupto285gramsofwaterperkilogramofthemetal-organicframework

inaday,theamountofacupofwater.It'salsosmallerthantheearliertypebutitisevenmoreenergy-efficient.It

produced200gramsofcleanwaterpersquaremeterofwatervapor,morethanthreetimesthewaterproductivity

rateoftheearliertype.

Therewilllikelybefurtherdevelopmentsinefficiencyandsizeforthisdevice.Yaghisaidhecouldseeoneday

thewidespreadadoptionofhousehold-basedMOF-poweredwaterharvesters,andcommunity-scalewaterharvesters

withthehelpofdatascienceandmachinelearning.Thosecouldbeinkitchensorevennexttoairconditionersto

supplyhomeswithcleanwaterforcookingandcleaning.Somecompaniesarealreadyworkingonthis,hesaid.

8.Whatcanwesayaboutthenewhand-helddevice?

A.Ithelpsimproveairquality.

B.Itmaysolvewaterpollution.

C.Itcanrunwithoutadditionalpowersources.

D.Itisonlysuitableinthedriestandhottestareas.

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9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhethirdparagraph?

A.Tohighlightthefactofwatershortage.

B.Toshowthenecessityoftheharvester.

C.Toadvocaterelievingeffortsinwater-stressedareas.

D.Towarnagainsttheharmcausedbyclimatechange.

10.HowmuchwatercanwegetusingaharvesterwithtwokilogramsoftheMOFdaily?

A.About400grams.B.About485grams.

C.About570grams.D.About360grams.

11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheMOF-poweredharvestermayYaghiagreewith?

A.Itwillhavehugemarketpotential.B.Itwillfunctionbestinthekitchen.

C.Itwillbemuchcheaperinthefuture.D.Itwillhelppromotemachinelearning

【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員設(shè)計(jì)的一款利用太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)的手持水分子收集器。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第——段uResearchershavedesignedahand-helddevicethatcancaptureandchangewater

moleculesfromtheairintodrinkablewaterusingonlysurroundingsunlightasitsenergysource.（研究人員設(shè)計(jì)了

一種手持設(shè)備，可以捕獲空氣中的水分子，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為可飲用的水，僅使用周圍的陽(yáng)光作為能量來(lái)

源。）”可知，研究人員設(shè)計(jì)的手持設(shè)備，可以收集水分子，并且利用太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)，不需要額外的電源來(lái)運(yùn)

行。故選C。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段""Almostone-thirdoftheworld'spopulationlivesinwater-stressedareas.The

UNpredictsthatalmost5billionpeopleonourplanetwillexperiencesomekindofwaterstressforasignificant

partoftheyear2050,"saidOmarYaghi.HeistheBerkeleychemistryprofessorwhoinventedMOFsandisleading

thisstudy.'"Thisisquiterelevanttotakingadvantageofanewsourceforwater.%”世界上近三分之一的人口生

活在缺水地區(qū)。聯(lián)合國(guó)預(yù)測(cè)，在2050年的大部分時(shí)間里，地球上近50億人將面臨某種形式的水資源壓

力。"OmarYaghi說(shuō)道。他是伯克利大學(xué)的化學(xué)教授，發(fā)明了MOFs,并領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了這項(xiàng)研究?！边@與利用新

的水源非常相關(guān)。”）可知，本段介紹未來(lái)水資源緊張的問題，因此推斷是為了表明這種收集器的必要性。

故選B。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的"Itharvestedupto285gramsofwaterperkilogramofthemetal-organic

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frameworkinaday,theamountofacupofwater.（它在一天內(nèi)每公斤金屬有機(jī)框架收獲285克水，相當(dāng)于一

杯水的量。）”可知，該裝置在收集水方面非常有效，它在一天內(nèi)每公斤金屬有機(jī)框架獲得285克水，因

此，兩公斤金屬有機(jī)框架一天可收獲570克水。故選C。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后——段“Yaghisaidhecouldseeonedaythewidespreadadoptionofhousehold-based

MOF-poweredwaterharvesters,andcommunity-scalewaterharvesterswiththehelpofdatascienceandmachine

learning.Thosecouldbeinkitchensorevennexttoairconditionerstosupplyhomeswithcleanwaterforcooking

andcleaning.Somecompaniesarealreadyworkingonthis,hesaid.（Yaghi表示，他能夠預(yù)見有一天基于MOF

技術(shù)的家庭用水收集器將得到廣泛應(yīng)用，并且在數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的幫助下，還將有社區(qū)規(guī)模的水收集

器。這些設(shè)備可以安裝在廚房里，甚至是在空調(diào)旁邊，為家庭提供用于烹飪和清潔的干凈水源。他說(shuō)，一

些公司已經(jīng)在致力于這方面的工作。）”可推知，Yaghi認(rèn)為該裝置有一個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)潛力。故選A。

D

Poweroftenboostsanemployee'screativitybecausebeingpowerfulliberatestheindividualfromrestrictions.

However,newresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarenotinpositionsofpowercanbecomemorecreativewhen

giventimeto“warmup“byengaginginthecreativetasksmorethanonce.

“Thisisimportantbecausewhenpeoplewithmorepowerareabletoexpresstheircreativeideasmorethanthose

withlesspower,itleadstorich-get-richerdynamicsthatstrengthenthesepowerimbalances,saidBrianLucas,an

assistantprofessoratCornellUniversity."'Understandingwaystoboostthecreativityoflower-powerworkerscan

helpthemfindtherightwaytodealwiththislow-powerdisadvantage,Lucassaid.

Lucasandhiscolleaguesconductedthreestudiestoreachtheirconclusion.Inthefirststudy,theydividedthe

creativeideagenerationsessionintotworounds:aone-minute"warm-up"followedbyasecondroundinwhichthe

participantscouldtakeaslongastheywanted.Participantswererandomlyassignedtoahigh-powerconditionora

low-powercondition,andfeelingsofpowerweregeneratedwitharolemanipulation（操縱）whereparticipantswere

givenaleadershiprolewithcontroloverresources（highpower）oranemployeerolewithnocontroloverresources

（lowpower）.Thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthe

warm-upround.Therewasnodifference,though,increativityinthesecondround.

Inthesecondstudy,theresearchersgavethemadifferentcreativetaskandincreasedthenumberofroundsfrom

twotofive,participantstakingaslongastheyliketocompletethetask.Consistentwiththefirststudy,thestudy

foundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthefirstround.Butthecreativity

oflow-powerindividualscaughtupwiththecreativityofthehigh-powerindividualsafterthefirstround.Resultsof

thethirdstudydemonstratedthatadifferentcreativitytaskcanalsowarmuplow-powerpeopleforanunrelated

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creativitytask.

“Giventhehighvalueofcreativeideasfororganizations,itisvitaltodevelopapproachesthatempowerall

employeestotaptheircreativepotential,9,Lucassaid.t6Thelow-powerwarm-upeffectsuggestsasimpleintervention

thatempowersallemployeestotaptheircreativepotentialandovercomespowerimbalancesintheworkplace:when

pursuingcreativework,letemployeeswarmupfirst.^^

12WhydoesLucasthinkitimportanttoboostthecreativityoflower-powerworkers?

A.Itmaintainspowerimbalances.

B.Itmotivatestheirambitiontocatchup.

C.Itcreatesacompetitiveworkenvironment.

D.Itencouragesaworkplacewithmoreequality.

13.HowdidLucasandhisco-authorsstimulatefeelingsofpowerintheparticipants?

A.Throughacreativetaskwithtimelimits.

B.Throughprovidingthemwithdifferentpositions.

C.Throughacompetitionbetweenleadersandemployees.

D.Throughassigningthemtodifferentconditionsintentionally.

14.Whatcandescribetherelationshipbetweenpowerandcreativityaccordingtothestudies?

A.Ifsfixed.B.It'sdynamic.

C.Ifsunpredictable.D.It'sirrelevant.

15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Higherpowercontributestomorecreativity

B.Changingtasksboostsalltheemployees5creativity

C.”Warm-uptime“bridgescreativityimbalances

D.Low-powerindividualsoutperformthehigh-powerones

【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹新的研究表明，沒有權(quán)力的員工在多次參與創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)后，也能提

高創(chuàng)造力。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓員工先“熱身”可以克服職場(chǎng)中的權(quán)力不平衡，激發(fā)所有員工的創(chuàng)造力。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Lucas的話“Thisisimportantbecausewhenpeoplewithmorepowerareableto

expresstheircreativeideasmorethanthosewithlesspower,itleadstorich-get-richerdynamicsthatstrengthen

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thesepowerimbalances（這一點(diǎn)很重要，因?yàn)楫?dāng)擁有更多權(quán)力的人能夠比那些權(quán)力較小的人更多地表達(dá)他們

的創(chuàng)造性想法時(shí)，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致富人更富的動(dòng)態(tài)，從而加劇這種權(quán)力不平衡）"和"Understandingwaystoboost

thecreativityoflower-powerworkerscanhelpthemfindtherightwaytodealwiththislow-powerdisadvantage

（了解如何提高低權(quán)力員工的創(chuàng)造力，可以幫助他們找到應(yīng)對(duì)這種低權(quán)力劣勢(shì)的正確方法）”可推知，盧卡

斯認(rèn)為提高低權(quán)力員工的創(chuàng)造力可以幫助他們應(yīng)對(duì)這種低權(quán)力的劣勢(shì)，即有助于找到應(yīng)對(duì)權(quán)力不平衡的正

確方法，從而鼓勵(lì)一個(gè)更加平等的工作場(chǎng)所。故選D項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Participantswererandomlyassignedtoahigh-powerconditionoralow-power

condition,andfeelingsofpowerweregeneratedwitharolemanipulationwhereparticipantsweregivena

leadershiprolewithcontroloverresources（highpower）oranemployeerolewithnocontroloverresources（low

power）.（參與者被隨機(jī)分配到高權(quán)力環(huán)境或低權(quán)力環(huán)境中，并通過(guò)角色操縱產(chǎn)生權(quán)力感，在那里參與者被

賦予控制資源的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色（高權(quán)力）或不控制資源的員工角色（低權(quán)力）。）”可知，在第一項(xiàng)研究中，通過(guò)給

參與者分配不同的角色，讓他們?cè)诓煌臈l件下工作，從而感受到權(quán)力，因此參與者的權(quán)力感是通過(guò)給予

不同的角色（leadership或employeerole）來(lái)產(chǎn)生的。故選B項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中"Thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-power

individualsinthewarm-upround.Therewasnodifference,though,increativityinthesecondround.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，

在熱身賽中，權(quán)力大的人比權(quán)力小的人更有創(chuàng)造力。不過(guò)，在第二輪比賽中，創(chuàng)造力沒有差異）”和第四段

中uConsistentwiththefirststudy,thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-

powerindividualsinthefirstround.Butthecreativityoflow-powerindividualscaughtupwiththecreativityofthe

high-powerindividualsafterthefirstround.（與第一項(xiàng)研究一致，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在第一輪比賽中，權(quán)力大的人比

權(quán)力小的人更有創(chuàng)造力。但在第一輪之后，權(quán)力小的人的創(chuàng)造力趕上了權(quán)力大的人）”可知，在第一輪比賽

中，權(quán)力大的人比權(quán)力小的人更有創(chuàng)造力，但在第一輪之后，權(quán)力小的人的創(chuàng)造力趕上了權(quán)力大的人，說(shuō)

明權(quán)力和創(chuàng)造力的關(guān)系是動(dòng)態(tài)的。故選B項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段uHowever,newresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarenotinpositionsofpowercan

becomemorecreativewhengiventimeto“warmup“byengaginginthecreativetasksmorethanonce.（然而,新

的研究表明，如果給那些沒有權(quán)力的員工時(shí)間，通過(guò)多次參與創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)來(lái)“熱身”，他們會(huì)變得更有創(chuàng)

造力。）”及全文可知，文章主要介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一般情況下，職位高的員工比職位低的員工更具有創(chuàng)造

力，但是熱身環(huán)節(jié)可以激發(fā)職位低的員工的創(chuàng)造力，從而創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更加公平的工作環(huán)境，所以選擇項(xiàng)

C“‘熱身時(shí)間'彌補(bǔ)了創(chuàng)造力的不平衡”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。

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第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

BasedonhisownresearchatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louisandotherscientificstudies,psychologylecturer

Bonooffersthefollowingtipsforgettingandstayinghappierinyourlife.

16Lookingforwardtoanenjoyableexperiencecanmakeitallthatmuchsweeter.Waitacoupleof

daysbeforeseeinganewmoviethatjustcameout,planyourbigvacationforlaterinthesummer,andtrytotake

timetoenjoyeachbiteofdessert.Ontheopposite,getnegativetasksoutofthewayasquicklyaspossible——any

delaywillonlymakethemseemworse.

Peoplewhofocusmoreonprocessthanoutcometendtoremainmotivatedinthefaceofsetbacks.They'rebetter

atstickingwithmajorchallengesandpreferthemovertheeasyroute.17Becauseitcelebratesrewardsthat

comefromtheworkitself.Focusingonlyontheoutcomecanleadtoprematureburnoutifthingsdon'tgowell.

18Findanactivitythatallowsyoutogettogetherwithfriendsonaregular,ongoingbasis.Aweekly

happyhour,pokernight,orTVshowensuresconsistencyandmotivationinyoursocialinteractions.Peoplewith

high-qualityrelationshipsarenotonlyhappier,butalsohealthier.19

Thenexttimeyouareattractedtouseyourphonetolookthroughsocialmedia,lookthroughyourlistofcontacts

instead.20Thehappinessyougetfromarealconnectionwithanotherpersonwillbefargreaterthanany

commentsorlikesyougetonsocialmedia.

A.Anticipationitselfispleasurable.

B.Decreaseunnecessarysocializing.

C.FindsomeonetocallorFaceTime.

D.This“growthmindset“helpspeoplestayenergized.

E.FacebookandInstagramoftenoverstatehowmuchbetteroffothersare.

F.Nothingismoreimportantforourpsychologicalhealththanhigh-qualityfriendships.

G.Theyrecoverfromillnessesmorequickly,livelonger,andenjoymoreenrichedlives.

【答案】16.A17.D18.F19.G20.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，如何在生活中變得更加快樂、如何保持更加快樂。大學(xué)心理學(xué)講師根據(jù)自己的研

究提出了四條建議。

【16題詳解】

I艮據(jù)下文uLookingforwardtoanenjoyableexperiencecanmakeitallthatmuchsweeter.Waitacoupleofdays

第12頁(yè)/共23頁(yè)

beforeseeinganewmoviethatjustcameout,planyourbigvacationforlaterinthesummer,andtrytotaketimeto

enjoyeachbiteofdessert.（期待一次愉快的經(jīng)歷會(huì)讓一切變得更加甜蜜。等上幾天再去看一部剛上映的新電

影，計(jì)劃一下你夏天晚些時(shí)候的大假期，試著花時(shí)間享受每一口甜點(diǎn)）”可知，本段主要是說(shuō)對(duì)未來(lái)美好的

期待會(huì)使這段經(jīng)歷更加甜美，A項(xiàng)“期待本身是令人愉快的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)上文uPeoplewhofocusmoreonprocessth