專題02閱讀理解推理判斷題

目錄

題型綜述........................................................................2

解題攻略........................................................................3

題型01細(xì)節(jié)推斷題..............................................................3

題型02因果推斷題...............................................................5

題型03態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)判斷題........................................................6

題型04猜測(cè)及想象推理題........................................................7

題型05寫作意圖推理題..........................................................8

高考練場(chǎng).....................................................

變式演練.....................................................

0.題型綜述_________________________________________

?題型簡(jiǎn)介

?推理判斷題是高考英語閱讀理解中的重要題型，著重考查考生在理解文章字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)文章

深層含義的推理和判斷能力。它要求考生依據(jù)文章提供的信息，通過邏輯推理、歸納總結(jié)、分析判斷

等思維過程，得出文章隱含的意義、作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度等內(nèi)容。這種題型難度相對(duì)較高，因?yàn)榇?/p>

案不能直接從原文中獲取，需要考生具備較強(qiáng)的綜合理解能力。

?文章題材廣泛，無論是記敘文、說明文還是議論文都可能涉及推理判斷題?？忌枰诶斫馕恼轮黝}、

結(jié)構(gòu)、細(xì)節(jié)等多方面內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推斷。

?命題類型

?推斷隱含意義：這類題目要求考生從文章的字里行間推斷出沒有明確表述的深層含義。例如，通過對(duì)

人物的語言、行為和所處環(huán)境的描寫，推斷出人物的性格特征或潛在情感；或者根據(jù)事件的發(fā)展，推

測(cè)事件可能帶來的潛在影響。通常提問方式有“Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabout…?”"The

passageimpliesthat...^^

?推斷作者意圖：主要是判斷作者寫這篇文章的目的，是為了提供信息、(inform)、進(jìn)行娛樂(entertain)、

表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)(expressopinions)＞發(fā)出呼吁(appeal)還是其他意圖。例如，在一篇關(guān)于環(huán)保問題的文章

中，作者可能是在呼吁人們關(guān)注環(huán)境，減少污染。提問方式如"What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthis

passage?”"Theauthor'sintentionis

?推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度：要求考生領(lǐng)會(huì)作者或文中人物對(duì)某一事物的看法或態(tài)度，這種態(tài)度可能是積極的

(positive)＞消極的(negative)＞中立的(neutral)、懷疑的(skeptical)等。例如，通過分析作者在

描述某個(gè)新科技產(chǎn)品時(shí)所使用的詞匯，如“remarkable"“ground-breaking”可能表示作者持積極態(tài)度；

而“problematic""controversial”可能暗示消極或質(zhì)疑的態(tài)度。提問方式有"What'stheauthor'sattitude

towards...?,,ltThetoneofthepassagecanbedescribedas...”

?預(yù)測(cè)文章后續(xù)內(nèi)容或事件發(fā)展趨勢(shì)：根據(jù)文章已有的內(nèi)容和情節(jié)發(fā)展，猜測(cè)接下來可能發(fā)生的事情或

者文章下一部分可能討論的主題。比如，在一個(gè)故事的情節(jié)發(fā)展到主人公面臨一個(gè)艱難的抉擇時(shí)，題

目可能會(huì)問"What'slikelytohappennextaccordingtothepassage?"

?解題思路

?立足原文內(nèi)容：推理判斷必須以文章內(nèi)容為依據(jù)，不能脫離原文進(jìn)行主觀臆斷。仔細(xì)閱讀文章，理解

文章的主題、結(jié)構(gòu)和細(xì)節(jié)信息，找出與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵部分。

?尋找線索和暗示：關(guān)注文章中的關(guān)鍵詞、連接詞、修辭手法等，這些可能是推理的重要線索。例如，

“however”“therefore”等連接詞可以幫助我們理解作者的思路和觀點(diǎn)變化；比喻、象征等修辭手法可能

暗示作者的情感傾向。

?分析邏輯關(guān)系：考慮文章中的因果、對(duì)比、類比等邏輯關(guān)系。如果文章提到某種現(xiàn)象是由某個(gè)原因引

起的，那么在推理時(shí)可以依據(jù)這個(gè)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷；如果是對(duì)比不同事物的特點(diǎn)，就可以從對(duì)比中

得出對(duì)這些事物的評(píng)價(jià)。

?排除干擾選項(xiàng)：對(duì)于不符合原文邏輯和信息的選項(xiàng)要果斷排除。有些選項(xiàng)可能本身內(nèi)容正確，但與題

目要求的推理判斷無關(guān)；有些選項(xiàng)可能是過度推斷，超出了原文所提供的范圍。

?命題方式

【常見考法】推理題經(jīng)常使用的提問方式有：

Itcanbeinferred/concludedthat.

Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?

Inwhichofthefollowingpublicationwouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?

Thepassageimplies,butdoesn'tdirectlystatethat

Thewritersuggeststhat.

Whafstheauthor'sattitudetoward?

Thewriterprobablyfeelsthat.

Theauthorusestheexamplesof...toshowthat.

除此之外，還要注意幾個(gè)誤區(qū)：

①原文信息的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來的結(jié)論。

②文中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論。

③與文章內(nèi)容不符的推論或相反的推論。

④不合常理或不合邏輯的推論。

⑤雖然符合考生的常識(shí)，但文中并沒有支撐的依據(jù)。

02解題攻略

題型01細(xì)節(jié)推斷題

提砂籍

要求考生根據(jù)語篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)

短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判定?？忌挥姓_把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正

含義，才可能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。一般題干主要包括六個(gè)動(dòng)詞：infer（推斷），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗

示），suggest（暗示），conclude（作出結(jié)論）和assume（假定，設(shè)想）。

典例剖析

（2025年浦東新區(qū)一模）

ItwashardtogetinformationaboutwhatwasgoingonacrossAsheville.Withinhours,welostpower,Internet

andevencellservice.Aneighbortoldmewecouldgetinformationontheradio,soIsatinmycartolistentothe

localradiostation'supdates.ThafshowIlearnedthatthewaterwasn'tsafetodrink.Thetreatmentplantwasunder

eightfeetofwaterandthedistributionpipeshadwashedaway.

38.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagragh5?

A.Timelyaccesstoinformationisimportantduringadisaster.

B.Thetreatmentplantissupposedtobebuiltdeepunderwater.

C.Peoplemustdependonneighborsforsurvivalinadisaster.

D.Protectingwaterresourcespromotesasenseofcommunity.

【答案】38.A

【38題詳解】

推理判斷題。第五段主要講述了因?yàn)轱Z風(fēng)，作者所在的地方很快失去了電力、網(wǎng)絡(luò)甚至手機(jī)信號(hào)，很難獲

取信息，后來通過聽收音機(jī)才得知水不安全等重要信息。由此可以推斷出在災(zāi)難期間及時(shí)獲取信息是很重

要的。故選Ao

題型02因果推斷題

提分四籍

要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測(cè)導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因?？忌_把握文章的內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義。

它的首要呈現(xiàn)方法如下：

1.階段（含首段）榜首句假如表達(dá)一種因果聯(lián)系，一般為考點(diǎn)。

2.文章中細(xì)節(jié)性的因果聯(lián)系一一般由一些表明因果聯(lián)系的詞匯手法表達(dá)。

（1）表明因果聯(lián)系的名詞：basis（依據(jù)）,result,consequence,reason;

（2）表明因果聯(lián)系的動(dòng)詞:resultin（結(jié)果），resultfrom（因?yàn)?，?..）,followfrom（........結(jié)果）,

base…on...（以...為根底）,bedueto（因?yàn)椋?/p>

（3）表明因果聯(lián)系的連詞或介詞：because,since,for,as,therefore,so,thus,why,with;

（4）表明因果聯(lián)系的副詞：asaresult,consequently等。

典例剖析

（2025年徐匯一模）

Keller5sresearchaddsasignificantpiecetothestill-incompletepuzzleofsharkbiology.Sharkshavebeen

decliningatanalarmingrateduetomostlyoverfishingandhabitatchange.Studyingthelifecyclesandmigration

patternsofsharkscanhelpusunderstandwhatareastoprotectwhenmanagingmarinespaces.

45.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthatKeller'sresearchissignificantbecauseit.

A.providesanewmethodforcapturingsharks.

B.supportstheideathatsharks'migrationpatternsarerandom.

C.addscrucialinformationtoourunderstandingofsharkbiology.

D.suggeststhatsharksshouldbeprotectedfromoverfishing.

【答案】45.C

[45題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Keller'sresearchaddsasignificantpiecetothestill-incompletepuzzleofshark

biology.（凱勒的研究為尚不完整的鯊魚生物學(xué)之謎增添了重要的一環(huán)）”可推知，凱勒的研究重要是因?yàn)?/p>

Keller的研究為我們理解鯊魚生物學(xué)增添了至關(guān)重要的信息。故選C。

（2025年虹口一模）

Despitehighratesofinnumeracy（數(shù)學(xué)盲），therearereasonstothinkthatpeoplemaynotdisengagewhenthey

receivenumbers.First,multiplepaststudiesshowthatpeopleoftenprefergettingnumericaldetailsovervague

descriptionorpurelyverbalcommunication.Peoplealsotrustmessagesprovidedbymedicalprofessionalsor

journalistsmorewhenthatcommunicationincludesnumbersthanwhenitdoesnot.Theuseofspecificnumbers

signalsexpertisetoreaders.

Sowhetheryou'reanenvironmentalistseekingtocommunicatemoreeffectivelyoversocialmediaorlooking

forstrategiestopersuadefamilyoverthedinnertable,thereareafewlessonshere.Findthekeynumericaldataand

sharethat.Thinkstrategicallyaboutdatapresentation.Whentalkingaboutclimatechange,includesomeproposed

action.Giventhatpastworksuggeststhatsharingnumbersbuildstrust,yourreadersorlistenersmaybemorelikely

tofollowyourrecommendations.Whenusedwisely,numberscanhelptransformanxietyintoaction,whichcould

helpturnthetideinourfightagainstclimatechange.

43.Accordingtothepassage,whatcannumbersdowhentheyareusedtoillustrateclimatechange?

A.Theycanarousepeople'sanxietyaboutmath.

B.Theyleavetheaudienceevenmoreconfused.

C.Theyhelpmakethemessagemorecredible.

D.Theydon'treallychangehowpeoplefeel.

45.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisaneffectiveclimatemessage?

A.Sealevelrise:atickingtimebombforcoastalcities!

B.Cycle5milesdaily,save50%oncarbonemissions!

C.50%ofspecieslost:awarningfromclimatechange!

D.Plantmoretreestoday,enjoyfresherairtomorrow!

【答案】43.C45.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了數(shù)字在氣候變化傳播中作用，包括其增強(qiáng)信息可信度的優(yōu)

點(diǎn)以及可能引發(fā)的焦慮等缺點(diǎn)，并給出了如何有效使用數(shù)字進(jìn)行氣候傳播的建議。

【43題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Peoplealsotrustmessagesprovidedbymedicalprofessionalsorjournalistsmore

whenthatcommunicationincludesnumbersthanwhenitdoesnot.Theuseofspecificnumberssignalsexpertiseto

readers.（當(dāng)交流中包含數(shù)字時(shí)，人們也更信任醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員或記者提供的信息，而不是不包含數(shù)字的信息。

特定數(shù)字的使用向讀者傳達(dá)了專業(yè)知識(shí)）“可知，人們更信任包含數(shù)字的信息。由此推知，當(dāng)數(shù)字被用來闡述

氣候變化時(shí)，它們可以讓信息顯得更加可靠。故選C項(xiàng)。

【45題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Sowhetheryou，reanenvironmentalistseekingtocommunicatemoreeffectively

oversocialmediaorlookingforstrategiestopersuadefamilyoverthedinnertable,thereareafewlessonshere.Find

thekeynumericaldataandsharethat.Thinkstrategicallyaboutdatapresentation.Whentalkingaboutclimatechange,

includesomeproposedaction.（因此，無論你是一位希望在社交媒體上更有效地進(jìn)行交流的環(huán)保主義者，還是

正在尋找在餐桌上說服家人的策略，這里都有一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。找到關(guān)鍵的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)并分享它。從戰(zhàn)略角度

考慮數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)方式。在談?wù)摎夂蜃兓瘯r(shí)，提出一些行動(dòng)建議）”可知，有效的氣候信息應(yīng)該包含關(guān)鍵的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)

據(jù)和具體的行動(dòng)建議。B項(xiàng)“Cycle5milesdaily,save50%oncarbonemissions!（每天騎行5英里，減少50%的

碳排放!）”給出關(guān)鍵的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，且提出了具體的行動(dòng)建議，符合有效氣候信息的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故選B項(xiàng)。

題型03態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)判斷題

提分秘籍

高考閱讀測(cè)試中有些是考查考生對(duì)作者的主導(dǎo)思想，被描寫人物語氣，言談話語中流露的情緒，性格

傾向和作者或文中人物態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解題。

典例剖析

（2025年閔行一模）

InSeptember2020,ParklaunchedGreenThread-hersustainablefashiondreamcametrue.Thestore's

specialtouch?Itsoldupcycledclothingandfabricmadefromwastematerials.Customerscouldbringintheirold

clothesandtradethemforstorecredit,givingtheitemsasecondlife.GreenThread'sclotheswereamixof

repurposedfabricsandeco-friendlydyes,provingthatsustainablefashioncanbestylish.

Whenthepandemic^）hit,itwasn'tsmoothsailing.ButParkwasn'treadytocallitquits.Sheswitchedto

anonlinemodelandstartedofferingvirtualstyleconsultations.Theresponsewasawesome,andGreenThread'sfan

basegrewasmorepeoplerealizedthebenefitsofshoppingsustainably.

38.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPark'sattitudetowardsherbusiness?

A.Optimisticandpractical.B.Carefreeandrelaxed.

C.Focusedandcautious.D.Creativeanddetermined.

【答案】38.D

【38題詳解】

推理判斷題。Park創(chuàng)立了GreenThread這樣獨(dú)特的可持續(xù)時(shí)尚商店，通過售賣升級(jí)再造服裝和讓顧客以舊

換新等方式，體現(xiàn)了她的創(chuàng)新性。當(dāng)疫情來襲，她沒有放棄，而是轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫€上模式并提供虛擬風(fēng)格咨詢，

這表明她的決心。所以Park對(duì)自己事業(yè)的態(tài)度是有創(chuàng)造性且堅(jiān)定的，答案選D。

題型04猜測(cè)想象推理題

籍

有些內(nèi)容文章中沒有明確說明，要求考生根據(jù)語篇，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行

猜測(cè)推理和想象，一般難度較大。做這類題目應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路和文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)等，從而作出比較

科學(xué)的預(yù)測(cè)。

這類題目常見的設(shè)問形式有：

Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if?

Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite.

Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybeabout.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

典例剖析

（2025年徐匯一模）

CarolineRobbinsknewthatthefirstdayofschoolwasvery,veryimportant.Why?Becausethatwastheday

whenyouchosewhereyouwouldsitfortheentireyear.Carolinerealizedthatinsomeclassesthischoicewouldbe

madeforher.Theteacherwouldplacestudentsinalphabetical（按字母順序的）order,meaningshewouldhavetosit

infrontofZachRodgersyetagain.ZachwasattractedbyCaroline,andwoulddistractherfromherworkbypassing

notesandtellingjokestoimpressher.Ingeneral,beingaRobbinswasprettygood,buthavingtositinfrontofZach

wasdefinitelyadrawback.

Inherotherclasses,though,Carolinewouldbesuretochoosejusttherightseat.Carolinelikedtothinkof

herselfasoneofthecoolkids,butshealsodidwellinschoolandlikedlearning.So,Carolinewantedtositcloseto

thecoolkids,butnottooclose,orshewouldbemoreinterestedintalkingthanpayingattention.Shealsoknewthatit

wasgoodtobefriendswiththesmartkids,becausetheycouldhelpCarolinewithherschoolwork.However,she

didn'twanttosittooclosetothesmartkids.Unfortunately,atCaroline'sschool,thesmartkidsandthecoolkids

werenotthesamekids.

37.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?

A.Carolinewasoftenseenasacoolkid,notasmartkid.

B.Carolinewantedtobetheonlysmartkidinherschool.

C.IfCarolinewasseenasasmartkid,noonewouldthinkshewascool.

D.Caroline'sschoolwasunusualinthatsmartkidswerealsocool.

【答案】37.C

[37題詳解】

推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Unfbrtunately,atCaroline'sschool,thesmartkidsandthecoolkidswerenotthe

samekids.（不幸的是，在Caroline的學(xué)校里，聰明的孩子和酷的孩子并不是同一批人）”可知，在Caroline的

學(xué)校，聰明的孩子和酷的孩子不是同一批孩子。由此可以推斷出，如果Caroline被認(rèn)為是聰明的孩子，那

么就不會(huì)有人認(rèn)為她是酷的孩子。故選C。

題型05寫作意圖推測(cè)題

提分秘籍

此題型要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，在復(fù)雜的語境條件下把握作者的思路，推測(cè)作者隱藏的思想及真正

的寫作意圖及運(yùn)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)和

形象，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或意見。此類題屬于得分率較低的高難度題。

寫作意圖推測(cè)題的常見設(shè)問方式有：

Forwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassage?

Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto.

Thepurposeofthetextisto.

Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?

Thewriteruses...inthefirstparagraphto.

Thewriterusestheexampleof....to.

典例剖析

（2025年楊浦一模）

Neurodiversityisatermthatreferstothenaturalrangeofdifferencesinpeople'sbrains.Theneurodiversity

movementsaysthatthebrainsthatwanderfromtheaveragewithinthatrangeshouldn'tbedismissedasinsufficient

automatically.Thetermdatesbacktotheautism（自閉癥）communityinthe1990s,thoughit'snowappliedtoall

sortsofmentaldifferences.Inthepast,“autismwaswidelyseenasanindividualmedicaltragedy,9,saysRobert

Chapman,aneurodivergent（腦功能異于常人的）philosopherwithautism,“Theonlyhopeforautisticpeopleand

ourfamilies,itwasthought,wasthatwewouldonedaybefixedthroughbehavioralorbiomedicalintervention.

Crucially,theneurodiversitymovementallowsneurodivergentpeopletotransformtheirthinkingabout

themselves."Thedominantmedicalizednarrativesuggestedthatbeingautisticmademesomehowtragic,broken,

andinneedoffixing,,Chapmanwritesinhis2023book."ThiswaswhyIfounddiscoveringneurodiversity

movement,whichofferedadifferentanalysis,soliberating.^^

46.Themainpurposeofthearticleisto.

A.introducetheeffectivetreatmentmethodsforautism

B.explainthehistoryandsignificanceoftheneurodiversitymovement

C.argueforthenecessityofpromotingtheneurodiversitymovement

D.criticizethewrongfocusofresearchinunderstandingautism

【答案】46.B

[46題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Neurodiversityisatermthatreferstothenaturalrangeofdifferencesinpeople'sbrains.

Theneurodiversitymovementsaysthatthebrainsthatwanderfromtheaveragewithinthatrangeshouldn'tbe

dismissedasinsufficientautomatically.（神經(jīng)多樣性是一個(gè)術(shù)語，指的是人類大腦的自然差異范圍。神經(jīng)多樣

性運(yùn)動(dòng)表示，在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)偏離平均水平的大腦不應(yīng)該被自動(dòng)視為不充分）”可知，這句話引出神經(jīng)多樣性這

一話題，接下來文章圍繞神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)展開，解釋了其歷史、意義和影響。由此推知，文章的主要目的

是解釋神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史和意義。故選B項(xiàng)。

03高考練場(chǎng)

（A）

（上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三英語月考）

Theword“brainstormior“depictsavisionofhell.Itissomeonesaying,t4Fireupthebrainwavesbarbecue.^^

Itistryingdesperatelytoworkoutwhereeveryoneelse'scursors（光標(biāo)）havegoneonadigitalwhiteboard.Yet

brainstormingpersists,andfordecentreasons.Gettingagroupofpeopletogetherisanopportunitytoexploit

differentviewpoints.Sowhyisbrainstormingoftensopainful?

Theproblemisthatbrainstormingmuststrikeabalancebetweenaseriesofcompetingnecessities.Onetension

isbetweencreativityandfeasibility.Abrainstormismeanttobefreeing,achancetoaskout-of-the-boxquestions.

Butitisalsomeanttoproducesuggestionsthatcanactuallybetranslatedintoreality,whichcallsforamore

down-to-earthstyleofthinking.

Asecondtensionisbetweenmanagersandnonmanagers.Byitsnaturebrainstormingisinsiderish.Someonehas

toarrangethesession,andthatpersonisoftenthemanagerofateam.Ifdecision-makersarenotintheroom,thenthe

suspicionwillgrowthattimeisbeingwasted.Iftheyare,thenhierarchies（等級(jí)制J度）easilybecomethespotlight:

goodideascanshrinkwithafrownfromtheboss,andbadonescansurvivewithanod.

Arelatedissueconcernsthepresenceofoutsiders.Thereisanaturaltemptationtokeepdrawingonthesame

seniorpeoplewithinanorganizationtogenerateideas:thesearetheoneswhogetthingsdone,whounderstanda

company'sstrategy.Yetresearchessuggestthatoutsidersbringafreshperspective.Thatmightbepeoplefromrelated

industries.Itmightalsobemiddlemanagersorfrontlineemployeeswhohavedirectcontactwithcustomers.

Athirdbalancetostrikeisbetweendifferentpersonalitiesanddifferentstylesofthinking.Anewpaperfrom

researchersatStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusinessfindsthatbrainstormingonZoomcomesatacosttocreativity:

aspeople'svisualfocusnarrowsonthescreeninfrontofthem,theircognitiverangealsoseemstobecomemore

limited.Butifin-persongatheringsarebetter,theyalsodonotworkequallywellforeveryone.Somepersonalitiesare

immediatelycomfortablesayingwhattheythink;othersneedtobepersuadedtosharetheiropinions.

Theseareknownproblems,andthereareplentyofideasouttheretosolvethem.ttFigure-storming^^isawayfor

peopletocombatgroup-thinkbypretendingtobeaninfluentialpersontryingtoaddresstheproblems.Somesimpler

rulesaremuchmorelikelytohelp.Definethelimitsofabrainstormingsessionupfront.Trytomakeaspecificthing

workbetterratherthantoshootfortheMoon.Involvepeopleyoudon'tknow,aswellasthoseyoudo.Startbygetting

peopletowritetheirideasdowninsilence,soextrovertsandbosseshavelesschancetodominate.Andbeclearabout

thenextstepsafterthesessionisover;theattractionofholdinga“designsprint（沖刺）"，aweeklong,clear-the-diary

wayforateamtodevelopandtestproductprototypes,isthatthethreadconnectingideastooutcomesistight.Allof

themwouldmakebrainstormingalittlemorethought-provokingandlessheart-sinking.

43.Bysaying“Theword'brainstorming'depictsavisionofheH”,theauthorprobablymeans.

A.thebrainwavesbarbecuecanbemisleading

B.ifshardtofigureoutothers5perspectives

C.brainstormingtriggershatredamongpeople

D.bossesexploitstaff'sbrainpowermercilessly

44.""qualifiesasanout-of-the-boxquestion.

A.Whatareyoutalkingabout?Weworkatasaladchain.

B.Isthereanypointininvitingoutsiderstobrainstorming?

C.HowwouldtheBritishqueenimproveoncloudcomputing?

D.Wouldn'titbegreatifpeoplehadartificialtailswhendiving?

45.WhatcanbeinferredfromthestudybyStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusiness?

A.Onlineconferencesholdtheparticipants9attentionbetterthanin-persongatherings.

B.People'scognitiverangeseemstolimittheirvisualfocustothescreenatonlinemeetings.

C.Fruitfulbrainstorminginvolvestakingdifferentpersonalitiesandthinkingmodesintoaccount.

D.In-persongatheringsliberatebrainstormingparticipants5creativitydespitevariouspersonalities.

46.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Varioussolutionstotheproblemswithbrainstorming.

B.How“figure-storming“contributestobrainstomiing.

C.Reasonswhybrainstormingsessionsarepainful.

D.Thought-provokingversusheart-sinking.

【答案】43.B44.D45.C46.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了頭腦風(fēng)暴這一概念，討論了造成頭腦風(fēng)暴痛苦的原因及其解決辦法，

通過分析其內(nèi)環(huán)的平衡點(diǎn)如創(chuàng)造力和可行性、管理者和非管理者、不同個(gè)性和思維風(fēng)格的沖突，提出了改

善頭腦風(fēng)暴過程的一些技巧和方法。

【43題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theword"brainstorming"depictsavisionofhell.Itissomeonesaying,"Tireup

thebrainwavesbarbecue.^^Itistryingdesperatelytoworkoutwhereeveryoneelse'scursors（光標(biāo)）havegoneona

digitalwhiteboard.（“頭腦風(fēng)暴”一詞描繪了地獄的景象。有人說，“啟動(dòng)腦電波燒烤?！彼疵叵肱宄?/p>

其他人的光標(biāo)在數(shù)字白板上的位置）”可知，作者說“Theword1brainstorming5depictsavisionofhell.（“頭腦風(fēng)

暴”一詞描繪了地獄的景象）”可知，因?yàn)樵诩w頭腦風(fēng)暴時(shí)，人們很難弄清楚其他人在數(shù)字白板上光標(biāo)的位

置，即很難理解他人的觀點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。

【44題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Abrainstormismeanttobefreeing,achancetoaskout-of-the-boxquestions.Butitis

alsomeanttoproducesuggestionsthatcanactuallybetranslatedintoreality,whichcallsforamoredown-to-earth

styleofthinking.（頭腦風(fēng)暴意味著解放，一個(gè)提出開箱即用的問題的機(jī)會(huì)。但它也意味著提出可以轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)

實(shí)的建議，這需要一種更務(wù)實(shí)的思維方式廣可知，文中提到頭腦風(fēng)暴應(yīng)該是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去提出“out-of-the-box”

的問題，而且這類問題是一個(gè)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)的建議，并體現(xiàn)務(wù)實(shí)的思維方式。由此推知，選項(xiàng)D"Wouldn，t

itbegreatifpeoplehadartificialtailswhendiving?（如果人們?cè)跐撍畷r(shí)有人工尾巴，那豈不是很棒？）符合題意。

故選D項(xiàng)。

[45題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Athirdbalancetostrikeisbetweendifferentpersonalitiesanddifferentstylesof

thinking.AnewpaperfromresearchersatStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusinessfindsthatbrainstormingonZoom

comesatacosttocreativity:aspeople'svisualfocusnarrowsonthescreeninfrontofthem,theircognitiverangealso

seemstobecomemorelimited.Butifin-persongatheringsarebetter,theyalsodonotworkequallywellforeveryone.

（第三個(gè)平衡點(diǎn)是在不同的性格和不同的思維方式之間。斯坦福大學(xué)商學(xué)院研究人員的一篇新論文發(fā)現(xiàn)，在

Zoom上進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴是以犧牲創(chuàng)造力為代價(jià)的：隨著人們的視覺焦點(diǎn)在他們面前的屏幕上變窄，他們的認(rèn)

知范圍似乎也變得更加有限。但如果面對(duì)面的聚會(huì)更好，它們也不是對(duì)每個(gè)人都同樣有效）”可知，斯坦福商

學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腦風(fēng)暴在Zoom上的創(chuàng)造力受限，因?yàn)榫€上會(huì)議時(shí)人的視野和認(rèn)知限制也被顯示器

影響。面對(duì)面的聚會(huì)雖然更好，但并不適合所有人。由此推知，富有成效的頭腦風(fēng)暴需要考慮不同的個(gè)性

和思維模式。故選C項(xiàng)。

【46題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theseareknownproblems,andthereareplentyofideasouttheretosolvethem.（這

些都是已知的問題，有很多想法可以解決它們）”可知，本段主要討論的是解決頭腦風(fēng)暴中已知問題的各種方

法。故選A項(xiàng)。

（B）

（上海市市西中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試）

Afewweeksago,awell-meaningprofessortriedtoexplainthephysiologicalprocessbehindvirusesandthe

humanbodyinatweetandwasimmediatelycriticizedforamistakeinhisinformation.Hethenissuedanapology

anddeletedhiserroneoustweet.

Communicatingsciencebeyondtheacademicbubbleisnecessarytoaugmenting（增力口）publicunderstandingof

healthandenvironmentalissuesandhelpingindividualsmakewell-informedpersonaldecisions.

However,scientistswhoengageinsciencecommunicationmustacknowledgethatevenintheirarea,their

expertiseisdeepbutnarrow.Theyneedtorecognizetheconstraintsintheirownknowledge.Thatisnottosuggest

thattheyonlywriteorpresentontheirownresearch,butrather,thattheyconsultwithanexpertifthetopicisoutside

oftheirdiscipline.Fact-checkingwithascientistwhoworksinthespecialtywillpreventtheunintentionalspreadof

misinformation,andtheprocessofdoingsomayyieldtinypiecesofinterestingnewinformationthatcanbe

incorporated.

Somehavearguedthatthepublicisnoteducatedenoughtounderstandscientificinformation,especiallyforany

complexphenomena,butthisisabsurd.Scienceinstructioncanbefoundatalllevelsofpubliceducationwithmost

secondaryschoolsofferingclassesonbiology,physics,andchemistry.Ifanything,socialmediahasshownthatthe

publiccravesknowledgebasedonasolidscientificfoundation.Eventhepublicdiscourse（話語）thatfollowsmost

scientificarticlesshowsthatonlinereaderscanunderstandeventhemostpuzzlingofscientificprinciples.

Itisequallynecessarytoemphasizethatbeinganexpertonatopicdoesnotautomaticallymakeascholar

qualifiedtocommunicateittoanonscientificaudience.Anumberofscientistsrecentlyhavebeenoffering

public-aimedexplanationsofscientificphenomena.Eventhoughtheyhaveappropriatecredentials,theyoftendo

verylittleinthewayofexplaining.Onebiologistsharedacomplexanalogy（類比）involvingalibrary,books,paper,a

recipe,ingredients,andacaketoexplaintheprocessbehindvaccines.Anyexplanationthatrequiresawrittenkeyto

keeptrackofwhateachitemrepresentsisnotaclearexampleforpublicconsumption.

Sciencecommunicationisascienceinandofitself.Itrequiresrigoroustrainingandinstruction.Ascientist

shouldtakecommunicationcoursesthatcanteachapersonhowtoidentifyandeliminatejargon（術(shù)語）andhowto

developeffectiveanalogiestoexplaincomplexconcepts.Onecannotassumecommunicationexpertise-imagineif

someonejustdecidedthattheywereaphysicistandstartedtryingtocontributetothefieldwithoutthenecessary

background.Doingapoorjobcommunicatingsciencetothepublicwillonlycreateconfusionandwidenthegap

betweenscienceandsociety,agapthatscientistsaretryingtoclose.

43.Whatdoestheauthoradvisescientistsdotodealwithtopicsoutsideoftheirspecialty?

A.Writeorpresentonthemfromnewangles.

B.Utilizeinformationfromdiversesources.

C.Turntoaspecialistforprofessionalhelp.

D.Fact-checkwithcolleaguesin-theirfield.

44.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph4?

A.Asolidacademicfoundationisessentialtounderstandingpuzzlingscientificprinciples.

B.Moderntechnologyhasfacilitatedcommunicationbetweenscientistsandthepublic.

C.Scientificarticleshavegainedincreasingpopularityamongthegeneralpublic.

D.Thepublic'sunderstandingofscienceismuchbetterthansomehaveclaimed.

45.Whatdoestheexampleofthebiologistwhosharedanintricateanalogyshow?

A.Itishelpfultouseillustrationsinexplainingscientificphenomena.

B.Itisimperativetohaveappropriatetitlestoexplainscientificissues.

C.Alearnedscholarisnotnecessarilyaqualifiedsciencecommunicator.

D.Anonscientificaudiencecannotcorrectlyunderstandprinciplesofscience.

46.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestscientistsdotoclosethegapbetweenscienceandsociety?

A.Developcommunicationskills.

B.Makeappropriateuseofscientificterms.

C.Takecoursesinpublicspeaking.

D.Explaincomplexconceptsscientifically.

【答案】43.C44.D45.C46.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了科學(xué)家在向公眾傳播科學(xué)知識(shí)時(shí)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)、必要性以及如

何提高傳播效果，提出了科學(xué)家需要認(rèn)識(shí)到自己知識(shí)的局限性、公眾對(duì)科學(xué)知識(shí)的渴望、科學(xué)家需要具備

有效的傳播技巧等觀點(diǎn)。

[43題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Theyneedtorecognizetheconstraintsintheirownknowledge.Thatisnotto

suggestthattheyonlywriteorpresentontheirownresearch,butrather,thattheyconsultwithanexpertifthetopic

isoutsideoftheirdiscipline.（他們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到自己知識(shí)的局限性。這并不是說他們只能撰寫或介紹自己的研究

成果，而是說，如果話題超出了他們的學(xué)科范圍，他們應(yīng)該咨詢相關(guān)專家）”可知，作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)科學(xué)家遇到超

出了他們的學(xué)科范圍的話題時(shí)，他們應(yīng)該咨詢相關(guān)專家。故選C。

【44題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Somehavearguedthatthepublicisnoteducatedenoughtounderstandscientific

information,especiallyforanycomplexphenomena,butthisisabsurd.Scienceinstructioncanbefoundatall

levelsofpubliceducationwithmostsecondaryschoolsofferingclassesonbiology,physics,andchemistry.If

anything,socialmediahasshownthatthepubliccr