上海市浦東新區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷姓名：__________班級(jí)：__________考號(hào)：__________題號(hào)一二三四五六總分評(píng)分一、GrammarandVocabulary20%SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.In1831,a22-year-oldEnglishbiologistcalledCharlesDarwinboardedtheHMSBeagleinPlymouthandsetoffonanincrediblevoyage.Hisaimwastoobservethenaturalworldinplaces1．hadnotbeenstudiedinmuchdetail.Almost200yearslater,anothermission,theDarwin200,hasinvitedateamofconservationiststoretracebacktheBeagle'sjourney.HMSBeagle'smissionwastomaptheharboursofSouthAmerica.Darwinwasinvitedalong2．(survey)thenaturalworld.HisobservationsontheGalapagosIslands,around560milesoffthecoastofEcuador,changedthewayDarwinsawnature,3．(lead)toDarwin'smostfamouswork:histheoryofevolution(進(jìn)化論).Thisexplained4．specieschangeovertimetoadapttotheirenvironments,aprocesscallednaturalselection.Ithasbeendescribedas"5．(big)singleideainthehistoryofhumanthought".WhatisDarwin200'smission?TheDarwin200ship6．(sail)morethan40,000milesandstopat32portsinfourcontinents.Specially7．(choose)conservationistswilljoinatdifferentstagesforaweekeachtocarryoutwildlifestudies.8．thejourney,theship'screwwillmakefilmsthatexplainCharlesDarwin'sdiscoveries.TheDarwin200teamwilltravelina50-metre-longDutchsailingshipcalledOosterschelde,which9．(build)in1918andhasbeenrestoredfullyforthisvoyage.Theship'scaptainsaid,"ShehassailedthedistancefromheretotheMoonandbacktwice!10．Imayhandlethemostdifficultsituations,Itrusthertobringmebackhomesafely."TheshipisduetoreachtheGalapagosIslandsinApril2025.二、SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.attackingB.beatenC.bitesD.dignityE.diverseF.emotionalG.exhibitingH.linkI.literatureJ.strengthK.strugglesHemingway'sTheOldManandtheSeaisthesimplestoryofanoldCubanfishermanwhoundergoesthemostdifficultstruggleofhislife.Inthetitlecharacter,Santiago,HemingwaydescribesoneofthemostdistinguishedexamplesinAmerican11．ofanindividuallookingdeepwithintoworkupthecouragenecessarytogetthroughtheachievementsandsadeventsthatlifepresents.Aloneonthesea,Santiagocontinuously12．tofindhopeinseveralseeminglyhopelesssituations.TheoldmanillustratesHemingway'sidealof13．"graceunderpressure",asherefusestogiveintotheenormousobstacles(障礙)presentedbythesea.Relyingonmemoriesofhisyouth,Santiagofindsthe14．tophysicallyandemotionallycarryonthroughoutthestory.Aftercatchingthegreatmarlin(馬林魚)Santiagorealizesheisunabletoquicklykillthefish,anditproceedstopullhimfartherouttosea.Yet,throughoutthebattlebetweenmanandfishtheoldmanbeginstorecognizea(n)15．betweenhimandthemarlin,repeatedlyreferringtoitashisbrother.Boththeoldmanandthefishareonlyinsignificantamongthe16．creaturesatsea,joinedtogetherbythefactthattheyareatthemercyofthesea.Thefish,therefore,changesfrommerelybeingSantiago'sprey(獵物)intoareflectionoftheoldman's17．a(chǎn)ndphysicalstate.WhenthesharksdamagethedeadmarlinhangingoffthesideoftheboatasSantiagostrugglestosailhome,theoldmanfightsthemoffasiftheywere18．him.Onlywhenthemarlin'sbodyhasbeenentirelyeatenawaydoesSantiagogiveup,knowinghe"was19．nowfinally".Althoughtheoldmanseeminglyfailsoncethesharksstealhisprizefish,theycannottakeawaythefactthatSantiagohasdonetheunthinkablebystayingwithandcatchingafish"biggerthanhehadeverheardof".Inspiteofnotsuccessfullybringingthefishback,Santiagofightswith20．—firsttocatchthemarlin,thentoprotecthisfishfromthesharks—andindoingsodeclareshishumanitybyremainingresilient(堅(jiān)韌的)inthefaceofachievementsandsadevents.三、ReadingComprehension35%SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.5WaystoDetermineWebsiteReliabilityForeverytrustworthywebsite,thereistonsofinformationthat'sinaccurate,unreliableorjustcrazy.Fortheinexperiencedjournalistorresearcher,suchsitescan21．a(chǎn)widerangeofpossibleproblems.Withthatinmind,herearefivewaystotellifawebsiteis22．.●LookforEstablishedInstitutionsTheinternetisfullofwebsitesthatwere23．fiveminutesago.Whatyouwantaresitesassociatedwith24．institutionsthathavebeenaroundforawhileandhaveaproventrackrecordofreliability.Suchsitesmayincludethoserunbygovernmentagencies,nonprofitorganizationoruniversities.●ConsultSiteswithExpertise(專門知識(shí))Youwouldn'tgotothehospitaltohaveyourcarrepaired.Thisisanobviouspoint:25．websitesthatspecializeinthekindofinformationyou'reseeking.26．,ifyou'rewritingastoryonafluoutbreak,checkoutmedicalwebsites,suchasTheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.●27．CommercialSitesSitesrunbycompaniesandbusiness—theirwebsitesusuallyendin.com—areoftentryingtosellyousomething.Andifthey'retryingtosellyousomething,chancesarewhateverinformationthey'representingwillbetilted(偏向)28．theirproduct.That'snottosaycommercialsitesshouldbe29．entirely.Butbecautious.●Checkthe30．Asareporter,youneedthemostup-to-dateinformationavailable,soifawebsiteseemsold,it'sprobablybesttokeepdistancefromit.Onewaytocheck:Lookfora"last31．"dateonthepageorsite.●ChecktheLinksRespected32．oftenlinktoeachother.Youcanfindoutwhichotherwebsiteslinktothesiteyou'reresearchingbyconductingalink-specificGooglesearch.EnterthefollowingtextintotheGooglesearchfield,33．"[WEBSITE]"withthedomain(域名)ofthesiteyou'reresearching:link:http://www.[WEBSITE].com.Forexample,link:.Thesearch34．willshowyouwhichwebsiteslinktotheoneyou'reresearching.Iflotsofsitesarelinkingtoyoursite,andthosesitesseemreliable,that'sagood35．.Thenitseemsthatyoudon'tneedtoworryaboutthemtoomuch.21．A．perceive B．cause C．track D．confirm22．A．flexible B．informative C．reliable D．a(chǎn)ppealing23．A．started B．banned C．visited D．evaluated24．A．temporary B．a(chǎn)ccessible C．existing D．trusted25．A．Setup B．CommunicatewithC．Lookfor D．Investin26．A．However B．ContrarilyC．Inaddition D．Forexample27．A．Avoid B．Greet C．Notice D．Run28．A．inplaceof B．inresistancetoC．infavourof D．onbehalfof29．A．considered B．screened C．a(chǎn)ssessed D．refreshed30．A．Site B．Journalist C．Source D．Date31．A．updated B．registered C．spotted D．clicked32．A．fields B．companies C．texts D．websites33．A．illustrating B．replacing C．connecting D．searching34．A．teams B．firms C．results D．a(chǎn)uthorities35．A．sign B．reputation C．journal D．product四、SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.閱讀理解In2008,amanwholivedinDetroitnamedJerroldFoke,whomeveryonecalled"UncleJerrold",cameupwithanunusualidea.Fokehadrealizedthatforalongtime,therehadonlybeen26lettersintheEnglishalphabet.Hehadreferredtoanotheralphabet,calledthephoneticalphabet(音標(biāo)字母表)—whichislikeanalphabetforsounds—andcameacrossasymbolthatarousedhisinterest.Itlookslikeanupside-down,lowercase"e"("?")andrepresentsthesound,"uh,"likethenoiseyoumakewhenyou'reconfused.Itiscalledthe"schwa."Fokethoughtitmightbetimeforanewlettertobeadded.JerroldhadagoodreasonforwantingtoaddanewlettertotheEnglishalphabet.HethoughtthatifEnglishgotanewletter,thenpeoplemightbeabletomakenewwords.Hereasonedthatifpeoplemadenewwords,theymightbeabletocommunicatebetter.Jerroldbegantellingeveryoneheknewabouttheschwa.Herequestedthatfriendshelphimmakenewwordsusingtheschwa.Peoplewouldusetheschwatomakean"uh"soundintheword.Hisfriendsthoughtthiswasaprettygoodidea.JerroldlivedinahotelindowntownDetroit.Everyday,whenhewentdowntothelobby(大廳)someoneheknewwouldtellhimanewwordhe'dmade.Inanefforttospreadtheschwastillfarther,JerroldbegantospendsomeofhisdaysstandinginCampusMartiusPlaza,withasignthatsaid"Haveyouheardabouttheschwa?"Helikedtosharesomeofthewordsheandhisfriendshadmade,andtheninvitethesepeopletomaketheirownschwa-basedwords.Somepeopledidsoenthusiastically,whileothersweremoredoubtfulabouttheschwa'spotential.WhenpeopleaskedJerroldwheretheschwashouldgointhealphabet,he'dalwayssay,"Inthefront."Whenpeopleaskedhimwhy,he'dsay,"Becausethat'swhereitbelongs."BecauseofJerrold'swork,peoplewereencouragedtomaketheirownwords,whetherusingtheschwaornot.Hisgoalofincreasingcommunicationbetweendifferentpeopleremainedonethatwasgreatlyvalued.36．Accordingtothepassage,Jerrold'sunusualideawasto____.A．developaninterestinlanguageB．makeaconfusingnoiseinpublicC．introduceanewwordtohisfriendD．a(chǎn)ddalettertotheEnglishalphabet37．Jerroldencouragedpeopletousetheschwamainlybecause____.A．itwouldcatchoninEnglandverysoonB．peoplewerereluctanttomakenewwordsC．itmightallowpeopletocommunicatebetterD．therewerethingsforwhichEnglishhadnoword38．Jerrold'sworkcanbedescribedas____.A．valueless B．confusing C．inspiring D．unreasonable閱讀理解Throughouthistory,humanshavecomeupwithwaystoentertainthemselvesusingobjectssuchascards,counters,andboards.Overthousandsofyears,thesehaveevolved(進(jìn)化)intothegamesweknowtoday,fromtraditionalsetswithsimplerulesandbasicpieces,allthewaytomodernelectronicconsoles(seethepictureattachedontheright-handside)withadvancedtechnologyandlifelikeinteractivegraphics(圖形).StrategygameChessWhereAsiaWhenc.600ADManycountriesclaimtohaveinventedchessbutoneforerunnerofthegameappearedinIndiainthe7thcentury.Overthecenturieschesshasevolvedandspreadacrosstheglobe,becomingoneofthemostpopularstrategygames.Itisplayedwithtwoplayerswhotaketurnstomove16piecestoattackeachother'sking.Theaimistotrapthekingintocheckmate(將死),sothatitcannotmovetosafety.CardgameChineseplayingcardsWhereChinaWhen9thcenturyADTheearliestknownplayingcardsarebelievedtohaveoriginatedinChinaduringtheTangDynasty,thoughhowgameswiththesecardswereplayedisnotknowntoday.Themodernpackof52playingcards,with?hearts,?spades,?diamonds,and?clubs,developedmuchlater,inFranceduringthe15thcentury.WordgameCrosswordWhereUSWhen1913ThefirstcrosswordpuzzlewaspublishedintheSundaysupplement(增刊)oftheNewYorkWorldnewspaper.Aseriesofwrittenclueshelptheplayercompleteagrid(方格)ofhorizontalandverticalmissingwords.Crosswordsarenotonlyentertaining,butalsoexpandvocabularyandaidbraindevelopment.39．Whichofthefourchoicesbestmatchesthepictureontheright?A．B．C．D．40．Theunderlinedword"forerunner"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto____.A．follower B．pioneer C．winner D．loser41．Thepassageislikelytobeanexcerptfrom____.A．CulturesofAsia B．PlayingGamesC．20th-centuryFashion D．ScientificInspiration閱讀理解IstartedparticipatinginstudentjournalismwhenIwasinhighschool.AndwhenIstarted,IreallyjustsawmyarticlesasmorefunversionsoftheacademicessaysIwaswritingeverydayinclass.Itwasn'treallyuntilanarticleIwroteinMarch2020,thatIreallyunderstoodthepowerofexpressingmyvoicethroughjournalism,andtheuniqueappealandresponsibilityofbeingbothastudentandajournalist.Mostofthethingsreportedoninstudentpublicationsdirectlyorindirectlyaffectthejournalistswritingaboutthem.Thisdiffersfrommainstreampublications(刊物),whooftenhavetheprivilege(特權(quán))toobjectivelycoverthingsthattheyhavenoconnectionwith.Studentjournalists,ontheotherhand,oftenfindthemselvestryingtoputonadifferent"hat"whenitcomestoreporting,butinmyeyespartofthemagicofbeingastudentjournalististhatdespiteputtingonadifferent"hat",it'sstillthesameyou.Weknowwhatisimportanttoreportonbecauseweareconstantlysurroundedbythestudentvoice.AnIrishTimesorIndependentreporterwouldneverknowabouttheburdenofhighrents,orwhysomanycampusspacesarenotaccessible,orfeelthefearsofexaminationchangesinlightofartificialintelligence.Studentsknowwhatstudentscareabout,andwhatissuesaren'tgettingtheattentiontheydeserve.I'vealwaysbeendrawntocommentarticles,particularlybecauseit'saplaceIfeelmyvoiceholdsaspecialsignificance,andonewheremywordsandmyarticlescometogethertorepresentme.Opinionpiecesareunique,inthattheyaretheonlyarticleformatthatdoesn'thavetobeentirelyobjective.I,andmanyothercommentwritersIchatto,findthisfreeing.It'sarelaxingexperiencetoworkoutanimportantissuefromyourownviewpointandevenwithyourownfrustration(挫敗、失意)orpraise,anditfeelsespeciallypersonal.Weneedtoprotectstudentjournalists,butwealsoneedtoexpandthefieldwecancoverinstudentjournalism.Thestudentvoiceispowerfulbecauseitisdiverse,andit'scriticaltoreflecttheirvoice.Thepressalsohasanimportantroleindefendingitself.Freedomofinformationisoneofthemostsacred(神圣的)thingswehave,andonethatweasstudentsneedtoprotect.42．Howarestudentjournalistsdifferentfromthemainstreampublications?A．Theycanhardlyidentifyissuesrelevanttopeers.B．Theyhaveanobjectiveviewpointontheissues.C．Theyreportonissuesdirectlyaffectingthem.D．Theyprioritizeobjectivityoverotherthings43．Thewritermostlikelyagreesthat____.A．studentvoicemayalwaysleadustomakingunfairjudgmentsB．studentreporterscankeeptheirindividualitywhenplayingvariousrolesC．studentarticlesofferanentertainingtwistontraditionalacademicessaysD．studentjournalistsshouldfocusonthetopicswithintheirprofessionalfields44．BygivingtheexampleofAnIrishTimes,thewriterintendsto____.A．informreadersofthehighrentsB．a(chǎn)ttachimportancetostudentvoiceC．praisemainstreammediafortheireffortsD．bringupthetopicofartificialintelligence45．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．FreedomofspeechandthepressB．TheimportanceofstudentjournalismC．TheresponsibilityofmainstreammediaD．Embracingthediversityofstudentvoice五、Ⅲ.Translation10%Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.46．每當(dāng)有人靠近這只寵物貓，它就會(huì)跑進(jìn)草叢躲起來。（whenever）47．這兩座古鎮(zhèn)在歷史和文化方面大相徑庭。（common）48．圖表顯示，該城市發(fā)展速度快得驚人，但收入不平等和失業(yè)問題日趨顯著。（alarming）六、GuidedWriting15%49．Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.

假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高一學(xué)生李華，最近你發(fā)現(xiàn)在體育鍛煉期間，很多同學(xué)在學(xué)習(xí)或聊天，并沒有進(jìn)行體育鍛煉，請(qǐng)你寫一封郵件給學(xué)生會(huì)，信件必須包含以下內(nèi)容：1）簡(jiǎn)要描述該現(xiàn)象；2）談?wù)勀愕挠^點(diǎn)；3）給出合理建議和理由。

答案解析部分【答案】1．that/which；2．tosurvey；3．leading；4．how/that；5．thebiggest；6．willsail；7．chosen；8．During/In/On/Throughout/Through；9．wasbuilt；10．Even【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，報(bào)道了1831年，青年生物學(xué)家達(dá)爾文隨貝格爾號(hào)起航，探索未知自然世界。200年后，"達(dá)爾文200"項(xiàng)目重啟旅程，追尋進(jìn)化論起源，旨在通過環(huán)球科考促進(jìn)生態(tài)保護(hù)。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查語法填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及定語從句，非謂語動(dòng)詞，賓語從句，形容詞，時(shí)態(tài)，介詞，語態(tài)，狀語從句以及固定搭配等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。1．句意：他的目的是觀察那些之前沒有被詳細(xì)研究過的地區(qū)的自然世界。hadnotbeenstudiedinmuchdetail是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞places，先行詞指物，在限定性定語從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。2．句意：達(dá)爾文被邀請(qǐng)一同前往考察自然世界。此處動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。故填tosurvey。3．句意：他在距離厄瓜多爾海岸約560英里的加拉帕戈斯群島上的觀察改變了達(dá)爾文對(duì)自然的看法，導(dǎo)致了達(dá)爾文最著名的作品：他的進(jìn)化論。根據(jù)句意可知，動(dòng)詞lead與上文的內(nèi)容之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處需要現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示意料之中的結(jié)果。故填leading。4．句意：這解釋了物種如何隨著時(shí)間的推移適應(yīng)環(huán)境而發(fā)生變化，這一過程被稱為自然選擇。（這解釋了物種是隨著時(shí)間的推移而變化以適應(yīng)它們的環(huán)境的，這一過程被稱為自然選擇。）specieschangeovertimetoadapttotheirenvironments是賓語從句。根據(jù)語境可知，賓語從句可以用how引導(dǎo)，表示"解釋了物種是如何隨著時(shí)間的推移適應(yīng)環(huán)境而發(fā)生變化的"；賓語從句也可以用that引導(dǎo)，說明賓語從句中不缺少成分，句意完整，表示"解釋了物種是隨著時(shí)間的推移而變化以適應(yīng)它們的環(huán)境的"。故填how/that。5．句意：它被描述為"人類思想史上最大的單一思想"。根據(jù)"inthehistoryofhumanthought"可知，達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論被認(rèn)為是人類思想史上最大的單一思想。所以空處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)。形容詞的最高級(jí)前需要加定冠詞the。故填thebiggest。6．句意：Darwin200號(hào)船將航行超過40,000英里，并在四大洲的32個(gè)港口?？?。此處是謂語動(dòng)詞。描述未來計(jì)劃，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。故填willsail。7．句意：特別挑選的環(huán)保主義者將在不同階段加入，每人進(jìn)行一周的野生動(dòng)物研究。此處是非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，修飾后面的名詞conservationists。該動(dòng)詞和修飾的名詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞，故填chosen。8．句意：在旅途中，船員們將制作解釋查爾斯·達(dá)爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)的影片。這里需要介詞"During"或"Throughout"，表示"在…期間"，符合語境。也可以用介詞on，in或者through，表示"在這次旅行中"。故填During/In/On/Throughout/Through。9．句意：Darwin200團(tuán)隊(duì)將乘坐一艘名為Oosterschelde的50米長(zhǎng)的荷蘭帆船旅行，該船建于1918年，為了這次航行已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)。此處是定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in1918可知，該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以句子為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。Which指代"a50-metre-longDutchsailingship"在定語從句中作主語，所以該動(dòng)詞和主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。綜上所述，句子使用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為單數(shù)。故填wasbuilt。10．句意：即使我可能面臨最艱難的情況，我也相信她能帶我安全回家。根據(jù)句意可知，空處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語，表示"即使我可能面臨最艱難的情況，我也相信她能帶我安全回家"，所以用eventhough/if"盡管"，符合語境。故填Eventhough/if?！敬鸢浮?1．I；12．K；13．G；14．J；15．H；16．E；17．F；18．A；19．B；20．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了海明威的《老人與?！返墓适聝?nèi)容和體現(xiàn)出的精神。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查選詞填空，考查詞匯在篇章中的運(yùn)用能力，答題時(shí)首先要跳過空格通讀文章掌握其大意，然后細(xì)讀文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考慮句型、語法、搭配、語境等因素，最后通讀一遍檢查驗(yàn)證。11．句意：海明威筆下的主人公圣地亞哥是美國文學(xué)史上最杰出的人物之一，他深刻地審視自己的內(nèi)心，鼓起必要的勇氣，克服生活中的成就和不幸。根據(jù)"Inthetitlecharacter,Santiago,Hemingwaydescribesoneofthemostdistinguishedexamples"以及句意"文學(xué)"可知，應(yīng)填名詞literature，作賓語，不可數(shù)。故選I。12．句意：圣地亞哥獨(dú)自在海上，在幾個(gè)看似絕望的情況下不斷努力尋找希望。根據(jù)"tofindhopeinseveralseeminglyhopelesssituations"以及句意"努力"可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞struggle，根據(jù)后文illustrates可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為Santiago，謂語用三單形式。故選K。13．句意：這位老人體現(xiàn)了海明威提出"壓力下的優(yōu)雅"的理想，因?yàn)樗芙^向大海帶來的巨大障礙屈服。根據(jù)"graceunderpressure"以及句意"提出"可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞exhibit，作介詞的賓語應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。故選G。14．句意：憑借對(duì)年輕時(shí)代的回憶，圣地亞哥找到了在身體和情感上繼續(xù)整個(gè)故事的力量。根據(jù)"tophysicallyandemotionallycarryonthroughoutthestory"以及句意"力量"可知，應(yīng)填名詞strength，作賓語，不可數(shù)。故選J。15．句意：然而，在人與魚之間的戰(zhàn)斗中，老人開始意識(shí)到他和馬林魚之間的聯(lián)系，一再把它稱為他的兄弟。根據(jù)"betweenhimandthemarlin,repeatedlyreferringtoitashisbrother"以及句意"聯(lián)系"可知，應(yīng)填名詞link，作賓語，不定冠詞提示，應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故選H。16．句意：老人和魚在海洋中各種各樣的生物中都是微不足道的，因?yàn)樗鼈兪艽蠛５臄[布而聯(lián)系在一起。根據(jù)"Boththeoldmanandthefishareonlyinsignificantamong"以及句意"各種各樣的"可知，應(yīng)填形容詞diverse，作定語，修飾名詞creatures。故選E。17．句意：因此，這條魚從僅僅是圣地亞哥的獵物變成了老人情緒和身體狀態(tài)的反映。根據(jù)"andphysicalstate"以及句意"情緒"可知，應(yīng)填形容詞emotional，作定語，修飾名詞state。故選F。18．句意：當(dāng)圣地亞哥掙扎著航行回家時(shí)，鯊魚傷害了掛在船邊的死馬林魚，老人把它們擊退了，好像它們?cè)诠羲粯?。根?jù)"theoldmanfightsthemoffasiftheywere"以及句意"攻擊"可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞attack，根據(jù)上文were可知，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選A。19．句意：直到馬林魚的身體完全被吃掉了，圣地亞哥才放棄，因?yàn)樗雷约?終于被打敗了"。根據(jù)"Onlywhenthemarlin'sbodyhasbeenentirelyeatenawaydoesSantiagogiveup"以及句意"打敗"可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞beat，結(jié)合was可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選B。20．句意：盡管沒能成功地把魚帶回來，但圣地亞哥還是很有尊嚴(yán)地戰(zhàn)斗著——首先是為了抓住馬林魚，然后是為了保護(hù)他的魚不受鯊魚的傷害——在這樣做的過程中，面對(duì)成就和悲傷的事件，他仍然保持著堅(jiān)韌的精神，這表明了他的人性。根據(jù)"byremainingresilientinthefaceofachievementsandsadevents"以及句意"尊嚴(yán)"可知，應(yīng)填名詞dignity，作賓語，不可數(shù)。故選D?！敬鸢浮?1．B；22．C；23．A；24．D；25．C；26．D；27．A；28．C；29．B；30．D；31．A；32．D；33．B；34．C；35．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了如何辨別網(wǎng)站可靠性的五種方法。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查七選五，本文是一篇生活類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。21．句意：對(duì)于缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的記者或研究人員來說，這樣的網(wǎng)站可能會(huì)引發(fā)廣泛的問題。A.perceive"意識(shí)到"；B.cause"導(dǎo)致"；C.track"跟蹤"；D.confirm"確認(rèn)"。根據(jù)空后"awiderangeofpossibleproblems"廣泛的問題，可知，此處上下文說的是這些網(wǎng)站對(duì)缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的記者或研究人員來說可能會(huì)引發(fā)廣泛的問題，故選B。22．句意：考慮到這一點(diǎn)，這里有五種方法可以判斷網(wǎng)站是否可靠。A.flexible"靈活的"；B.informative"增長(zhǎng)見聞的"；C.reliable"可靠的"；D.appealing"有吸引力的"。根據(jù)下文"Suchsitesmayincludethoserunbygovernmentagencies,nonprofitorganizationoruniversities"這些網(wǎng)站可能包括政府機(jī)構(gòu)、非營(yíng)利組織或大學(xué)運(yùn)營(yíng)的網(wǎng)站?？芍颂幧舷挛恼f的是網(wǎng)站的可靠性話題，故選C。23．句意：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上到處都是五分鐘前啟動(dòng)的網(wǎng)站。A.started"開始"；B.banned"禁止"；C.visited"參觀"；D.evaluated"評(píng)價(jià)"。根據(jù)空前"Theinternetisfullofwebsites"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上到處都是網(wǎng)站；以及空后"fiveminutesago"五分鐘前，可知，此處上下文說的是網(wǎng)站五分鐘之前的使用情況，故選A。24．句意：你想要的是與可信機(jī)構(gòu)相關(guān)的網(wǎng)站，這些機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)存在了一段時(shí)間，并且有可靠的記錄。A.temporary"臨時(shí)的"；B.accessible"可進(jìn)入的"；C.existing"現(xiàn)行的"；D.trusted"可信的"。根據(jù)空后"institutionsthathavebeenaroundforawhileandhaveaproventrackrecordofreliability"已經(jīng)存在了一段時(shí)間，并且有可靠的記錄的機(jī)構(gòu)?？芍颂幧舷挛恼f的是機(jī)構(gòu)的可靠性，故選D。25．句意：這是一個(gè)顯而易見的觀點(diǎn)：尋找專注于你所尋求的信息類型的網(wǎng)站你所尋求的信息類型的網(wǎng)站。A.Setup"建立"；B.Communicatewith"與……交流"；C.Lookfor"尋找"；D.Investin"在……上投資"。根據(jù)空后"websitesthatspecializeinthekindofinformationyou'reseeking"專注于你所尋求的信息類型的網(wǎng)站?？芍挛恼f的是尋找的目標(biāo)，要尋找那些專注于你所尋求的信息類型的網(wǎng)站，故選C。26．句意：例如，如果你正在寫一篇關(guān)于流感爆發(fā)的報(bào)道，請(qǐng)查看醫(yī)學(xué)網(wǎng)站，如疾病控制和預(yù)防中心。A.However"然而"；B.Contrarily"相反地"；C.Inaddition"另外"；D.Forexample"例如"。根據(jù)空后"ifyou'rewritingastoryonafluoutbreak,checkoutmedicalwebsites,suchasTheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention."如果你正在寫一篇關(guān)于流感爆發(fā)的報(bào)道，請(qǐng)查看醫(yī)學(xué)網(wǎng)站，如疾病控制和預(yù)防中心?？芍?，下文是對(duì)上文的舉例說明，故選D。27．句意：避開商業(yè)網(wǎng)站。A.Avoid"避免"；B.Greet"向……打招呼"；C.Notice"注意到"；D.Run"跑"。根據(jù)下文"Sitesrunbycompaniesandbusiness—theirwebsitesusuallyendin.com—areoftentryingtosellyousomething"公司和企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)的網(wǎng)站（他們的網(wǎng)站通常以.com結(jié)尾）經(jīng)常試圖向你出售一些東西?？芍?，下文說的是一些試圖向你出售一些東西的公司和企業(yè)網(wǎng)站，故選A。28．句意：如果他們想向你推銷一些東西，那么他們提供的任何信息都有可能傾向于他們的產(chǎn)品。A.inplaceof"代替"；B.inresistanceto"抵抗"；C.infavourof"支持"；D.onbehalfof"代表"。根據(jù)上文"Sitesrunbycompaniesandbusiness—theirwebsitesusuallyendin.com—areoftentryingtosellyousomething"公司和企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)的網(wǎng)站（他們的網(wǎng)站通常以.com結(jié)尾）經(jīng)常試圖向你出售一些東西；以及空后"theirproduct"他們的產(chǎn)品?？芍颂幧舷挛恼f的是一些試圖向你出售一些東西的公司和企業(yè)網(wǎng)站，這些公司和企業(yè)網(wǎng)站可能會(huì)支持他們自己的產(chǎn)品，故選C。29．句意：這并不是說商業(yè)網(wǎng)站應(yīng)該被完全屏蔽。A.considered"考慮"；B.screened"遮蔽"；C.assessed"評(píng)估"；D.refreshed"使恢復(fù)"。根據(jù)下文"Butbecautious"但是要謹(jǐn)慎?？芍?，此處上下文提醒讀者雖然不可能完全屏蔽這些信息，但至少要謹(jǐn)慎，故選B。30．句意：檢查日期。A.Site"地點(diǎn)"；B.Journalist"記者"；C.Source"根源"；D.Date"日期"。根據(jù)下文"Asareporter,youneedthemostup-to-dateinformationavailable,soifawebsiteseemsold,it'sprobablybesttokeepdistancefromit"作為一名記者，你需要最新的可用信息，所以如果一個(gè)網(wǎng)站看起來很舊，最好與它保持距離，可知此處說的是與日期有關(guān)的話題，可推理出空白處應(yīng)填與日期有關(guān)的表達(dá)，故選D。31．句意：一種檢查方法是：在頁面或網(wǎng)站上尋找"上次更新"的日期。A.updated"更新"；B.registered"注冊(cè)"；C.spotted"看見"；D.clicked"點(diǎn)擊"。根據(jù)上文"Asareporter,youneedthemostup-to-dateinformationavailable,soifawebsiteseemsold,it'sprobablybesttokeepdistancefromit"作為一名記者，你需要最新的可用信息，所以如果一個(gè)網(wǎng)站看起來很舊，最好與它保持距離。可知，此處上下文說的是通過檢查網(wǎng)站是否更新來判斷網(wǎng)站的可靠性，故選A。32．句意：受人尊敬的網(wǎng)站經(jīng)常相互鏈接。A.fields"田野"；B.companies"公司"；C.texts"課文"；D.websites"網(wǎng)站"。根據(jù)下文"Youcanfindoutwhichotherwebsiteslinktothesiteyou'reresearchingbyconductingalink-specificGooglesearch"你可以通過特別是谷歌搜索來找出哪些其他網(wǎng)站鏈接到你正在研究的網(wǎng)站?？芍?，此處上下文說的是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)的互相鏈接判斷網(wǎng)站是否可信，故選D。33．句意：在谷歌搜索框中輸入以下文本，將"[WEBSITE]"替換為您正在研究的網(wǎng)站的域名：link:http://www.[WEBSITE].com。例如，link:。A.illustrating"說明"；B.replacing"替換"；C.connecting"連接"；D.searching"尋找"。根據(jù)空后"‘[WEBSITE]'withthedomain(域名)ofthesiteyou'reresearching:link:http://www.[WEBSITE].com."在谷歌搜索框中輸入以下文本，將"[WEBSITE]"……為您正在研究的網(wǎng)站的域名：link:http://www.[WEBSITE].com。例如，link:。"可知此處說的是在谷歌搜索框中輸入新內(nèi)容，故選B。34．句意：搜索結(jié)果將顯示哪些網(wǎng)站鏈接到您正在研究的網(wǎng)站。A.teams"隊(duì)伍"；B.firms"公司"；C.results"結(jié)果"；D.authorities"當(dāng)局"。根據(jù)空后"showyouwhichwebsiteslinktotheoneyou'reresearching"顯示哪些網(wǎng)站鏈接到您正在研究的網(wǎng)站?？芍?，此處上下文說的是搜索結(jié)果，故選C。35．句意：如果很多網(wǎng)站都鏈接到你的網(wǎng)站，而且這些網(wǎng)站看起來很可靠，那是一個(gè)好兆頭。A.sign"征兆"；B.reputation"名聲"；C.journal"日記"；D.product"產(chǎn)品"。根據(jù)空前"Iflotsofsitesarelinkingtoyoursite,andthosesitesseemreliable"如果很多網(wǎng)站都鏈接到你的網(wǎng)站，而且這些網(wǎng)站看起來很可靠；以及下文"Thenitseemsthatyoudon'tneedtoworryaboutthemtoomuch"那么你似乎不需要太擔(dān)心它們?？芍?，此處上下文說的是如果很多網(wǎng)站都鏈接到你的網(wǎng)站，而且這些網(wǎng)站看起來很可靠，這是一件好事，是網(wǎng)站可靠性的跡象，故選A?！敬鸢浮?6．D37．C38．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了JerroldFoke提出在英語字母表中添加一個(gè)字母，來幫助人們更好地交流。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。36．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"JerroldhadagoodreasonforwantingtoaddanewlettertotheEnglishalphabet."杰羅德有一個(gè)很好的理由想要在英語字母表中添加一個(gè)新字母?？芍?，杰羅德的不同尋常的想法是在英語字母表中添加一個(gè)字母。故選D。37．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Hereasonedthatifpeoplemadenewwords,theymightbeabletocommunicatebetter."他的理由是，如果人們創(chuàng)造新詞，他們可能能夠更好地交流?？芍?，杰羅德鼓勵(lì)人們使用弱讀音，主要是因?yàn)樗梢宰屓藗兏玫亟涣?。故選C。38．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段"BecauseofJerrold'swork,peoplewereencouragedtomaketheirownwords,whetherusingtheschwaornot.Hisgoalofincreasingcommunicationbetweendifferentpeopleremainedonethatwasgreatlyvalued."由于Jerrold的工作，人們被鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)造自己的單詞，不管是否使用弱讀音。他的目標(biāo)是增加不同人群之間的交流，這一目標(biāo)一直受到人們的高度重視?？芍?，杰羅德的工作可以說是鼓舞人心的。故選C?！敬鸢浮?9．C40．B41．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一些游戲的歷史以及發(fā)展演變。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測(cè)題和推理判斷題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。39．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二欄CardgameChineseplayingcards部分中的"TheearliestknownplayingcardsarebelievedtohaveoriginatedinChinaduringtheTangDynasty,thoughhowgameswiththesecardswereplayedisnotknowntoday.Themodernpackof52playingcards,with?hearts,?spades,?diamonds,and?clubs,developedmuchlater,inFranceduringthe15thcentury."已知最早的撲克牌被認(rèn)為起源于中國的唐朝，盡管這些撲克牌是如何玩的現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不知道了?，F(xiàn)代的52張撲克牌，有?紅心、?黑桃、?方塊和?梅花，是在15世紀(jì)的法國發(fā)展起來的)"及另外的游戲描述可知，C選項(xiàng)右圖可以看見所描述的形狀，左右最匹配。故選C。40．考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一欄StrategygameChess部分中的"Manycountriesclaimtohaveinventedchessbutone"許多國家聲稱發(fā)明了國際象棋，但只有一種；以及"ofthegameappearedinIndiainthe7thcentury"這種游戲的……出現(xiàn)在7世紀(jì)的印度，可知，許多國家都聲稱自己發(fā)明了國際象棋，但象棋的先驅(qū)出現(xiàn)在7世紀(jì)的印度。故劃線詞意思是"先驅(qū)"。故選B。41．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段"Throughouthistory,humanshavecomeupwithwaystoentertainthemselvesusingobjectssuchascards,counters,andboards.Overthousandsofyears,thesehaveevolved(進(jìn)化)intothegamesweknowtoday,fromtraditionalsetswithsimplerulesandbasicpieces,allthewaytomodernelectronicconsoles(seethepictureattachedontheright-handside)withadvancedtechnologyandlifelikeinteractivegraphics(圖形)."縱觀歷史，人類已經(jīng)想出了使用卡片、計(jì)數(shù)器和棋盤等物品來娛樂自己的方法。幾千年來，這些游戲已經(jīng)演變成我們今天所知道的游戲，從傳統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)單規(guī)則和基本部件，一直到現(xiàn)代的電子控制臺(tái)，擁有先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和逼真的互動(dòng)圖形；結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一些游戲的歷史以及發(fā)展演變?？芍?，這篇文章很可能是《玩游戲》的節(jié)選。故選B。【答案】42．C43．B44．B45．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，圍繞作者個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷和對(duì)學(xué)生新聞工作的認(rèn)識(shí)進(jìn)行闡述。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和標(biāo)題歸納三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。42．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Mostofthethingsreportedoninstudentpublicationsdirectlyorindirectlyaffectthejournalistswritingaboutthem."學(xué)生出版物中報(bào)道的大多數(shù)事情都直接或間接影響到寫作的記者。可知，學(xué)生記者與主流出版物的不同之處是他們報(bào)道直接影響他們的問題，故選C。43．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Studentjournalists,ontheotherhand,oftenfindthemselvestryingtoputonadifferent‘hat'whenitcomestoreporting,butinmyeyespartofthemagicofbeingastudentjournalististhatdespiteputtingonadifferent‘hat',it'sstillthesameyou"另一方面，學(xué)生記者常常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在報(bào)道時(shí)試圖戴上不同的"帽子"，但在我看來，作為學(xué)生記者的魔力部分在于，盡管戴上了不同的"帽子"，仍然是同一個(gè)你?？赏浦?，學(xué)生記者在扮演不