PAGE1-SectionⅣGrammar定語從句(Ⅱ)1．(教材P34)ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.2．(教材P34)Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.3．(教材P34)Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.4．(教材P34)However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.5．(教材P34)ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.6．(教材P34)...untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.7．(教材P34)TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.8．(教材P34)...wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞的指代及功能關(guān)系副詞先行詞功能when表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語whyreason緣由狀語1.關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語?！鬒stillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttravelledbyplane.我仍舊記得我第一次坐飛機(jī)旅行的時(shí)候?！鬢ewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.我們將恒久不會(huì)遺忘第29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)在北京舉辦的那一年。2．關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞應(yīng)是表示地點(diǎn)或抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。◆I’dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine.我喜愛住在那個(gè)陽光足夠的房子里。◆ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前居住的那所房子已經(jīng)被拆了。3．關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞常常為reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作緣由狀語。◆Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好摯友求助?！鬋anyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tcometohisbirthdayparty?你能告知我你沒參與他的生日宴會(huì)的緣由嗎？表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及緣由的名詞作先行詞時(shí)，定語從句可用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，也可用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞；若先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞。試比較：◆Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight？你還記得我們整夜閑聊的那些日子嗎？(when在從句中作狀語)◆Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm？你還記得我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)一起度過的那些日子嗎？(that或which在從句中作spent的賓語)◆Thereasonwhy/forwhichyoufailedwasthatyouhadnotfollowedyourmother’sadvice.你失敗的緣由是你沒有聽你母親的忠告。(定語從句中缺少狀語，所以用why或forwhich,why作緣由狀語)◆Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.我堅(jiān)決不聽你給我們供應(yīng)的那個(gè)理由。(定語從句中缺少賓語，所以用that/which，不用why)【即時(shí)演練1】——對(duì)比填空：that,which,when,where,why①Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.②Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedtogether.③Thereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.④Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.⑤Keepthebookinaplacewhereyoucanfinditeasily.⑥Thisisthehousewhich/thatwasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，我們通常用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。假如指“人”，用“介詞＋whom”；假如指“物”，用“介詞＋which”；關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)也用whose(作定語)。選用介詞的依據(jù)：1．依據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語)?！鬥esterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.昨天我們參觀了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(befamousfor因……而出名)2．依據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成，不肯定是短語)。◆Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.這就是他常常用來拍照的相機(jī)。(withcamera用照相機(jī))◆Theoldwomanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousartist.剛才和你們說話的老太太是一個(gè)聞名的藝術(shù)家。(talkwithsb.和某人談話)3．依據(jù)句子的意思來選擇?！鬗ycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tsurftheInternet，brokedownyesterday.昨天我的電腦壞了，沒有它我不能網(wǎng)上沖浪。4．表示“全部”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)，通常用介詞of?！鬒havetenbooks,halfofwhichwerewrittenbyMoYan.我有10本書，其中一半是莫言寫的?！鬞heoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarelawyers.這位老人有兩個(gè)兒子，他們都是律師。在定語從句中，有一些含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語不行拆開運(yùn)用，如lookafter,lookfor等不能把介詞移至which或whom之前?！鬞hebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)◆Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(誤)【即時(shí)演練2】——關(guān)系詞或介詞填空①M(fèi)ariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.②ThegirltowhomyouspokejustnowisourEnglishteacher.③Thedaywillcomeonwhichwewillwinthefinalvictory.④Thewomanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourcompany.⑤Thedeathofhissonwasanexperiencefromwhichheneverfullyrecovered.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．IwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedinAustralia.2．Wevisitedthehousewherethefamousscientistoncelived.3．ThereasonwhyJohnchangedhismindisnotclear.4．Thechildwho/whom/thatthenursesarelookingafterisverywellnow.5．ImisstheapartmentwhereIusedtolive.6．Itwasaperiodwhentheymetveryfrequently.7．WhenIarrived,myfriendtookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying.8．Wehavecometoapointwhereeveryonehasdifferentopinionsanditisdifficulttoreachanagreement.9．Bobisnowinapositionwherehehasnomoremoneytopayhisrent.10．OneofthereasonswhyhewasrefusedintheinterviewwasthathisspokenEnglishwasterrible.11．Thereasonwhyhegaveuphiswell-paidjobisn’tknowntous.12．I’llneverforgetthetimethat/whichwespenttogetherinthearmycamp.13．I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.14．MissLiuisanexcellentteacherfromwhomIhavelearnedalot.15．TheSmithshavetwochildren,bothofwhomworkinNewYork.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯(cuò)1．Wetookmanyphotosintheshopwherewewereinterestedinforalongtime.where→which/that2.JackistheonlyclassmatetothatIamveryclose.that→whom3．Whydidyouputyourselfinapositionwhichyouhadnorightsatall？which→where或在which前加in4.I’mnotinterestedinthesubjectonthattheyaredoingaresearchnow.that→which5．IwanttohaveafriendwithwhichIcansharemyjoyandsadness.which→whom6．Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespenttogetheronthefarm？去掉when或when→that/which7．Idon’tknowthereasonwhichheleftthecompanywithoutsayingaword.which→why或在which前加for8．NoonebelievedthereasonwhyTomhadgiventhismorning.去掉why或在why→that/which9．IwillalwaysremembertheteacheraboutwhomIlearnedtheimportanceofcommunication.about→from10．ThebookstorewhichIboughtmyfirstdictionaryhasbecomearestaurantnow.which→where或在which前加ineq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語法與寫作將下列句子合并升級(jí)為定語從句。1．Theuniversityisbigandbeautiful.Mybrotherstudiesintheuniversity.Theuniversitywhere/inwhichmybrotherstudiesisbigandbeautiful．2．Thepartyturnedouttobequitesuccessful.WesangthebeautifulsongForeverYoungattheparty.Thepartywhere/atwhichwesangthebeautifulsongForeverYoungturnedouttobequitesuccessful.3．Doyouknowthelady?OurEnglishteacheristakingaphotoofher.DoyouknowtheladywhomourEnglishteacheristakingaphotoof?4．Roseknewtheyear.TheRedCrosswasfoundedintheyear.Roseknewtheyearwhen/inwhichtheRedCrosswasfounded.5．Paullookedsoexcitedtoday.Hisfrienddidn’tknowtherealreason.Paul’sfrienddidn’tknowtherealreasonwhy/forwhichhelookedsoexcitedtoday.6．Wepaidavisittothatcoffeeshoplastsummer.Awriterwrotehisfamousbookinthecoffeeshop.Lastsummerwepaidavisittothecoffeeshopwhere/inwhichawriterwrotehisfamousbook.7．We’llgotohearthefamoussinger.Weoftentalkedaboutthefamoussinger.We’llgotohearthefamoussingerwhomweoftentalkedabout．8．Shehasthreesons.Allofhersonsareabroadnow.Shehasthreesons,allofwhomareabroadnow.9．Therearesixtystudentsinourclass.Thirtyofthestudentsinourclassareboys.Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,thirtyofwhomareboys.10．Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks.Nearlyhalfofthechildren’sbookswerepublishedinthe1990s.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthefootballclub.2．Xi’anistheplacewhereIwasborn.3．Hedidn’ttellmethereasonwhyhewassosad.4．Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwemetonthetrainforthefirsttime?5．WevisitedthehospitalwhereIwasbornthirtyyearsago.6．Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearhasrisentoonemillion.7．Theyhavereachedthestagewheretheyaregoingtogetmarried.8．ThecarwhosewindowgotbrokenintheaccidentbelongstoMrBrown.9．ThisistheprimaryschoolwherebothmybrotherandIstayedforsixyears.10．Wewentthroughaperiodwhencommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解AClaraBarton,bornonChristmasin1821,iswidelyknownasoneofthemosthonouredwomeninAmericanhistory.Shebeganteachingschoolwhenmostteachersweremenatthattime.Later,shebecameoneofthefirstwomenevertobeemployed(雇用)bythegovernment.HercareerinhelpingthesickbeganwhenherbrotherDavidbecameherfirstpatient.HefelldownfromtheroofofahousewhenClarawasjust11yearsold.Shestayedbyhissideandlookedafterhimforthreeyears,learninghowtogivehimallhismedicines.WhentheCivilWarbeganin1861,sheimmediatelyrecognisedthatthepoorlyequippedsoldiersneededhelp.Insteadofwaitingforotherstostepin,Claracollectednecessarythingsonherown,askedthepublicfordonationsandlearnthowtostoreanddistributethemtosoldiers.Shealsoreadtothesoldiersandwrotelettersforthem.AftertheBattleofCedarMountaininnorthernVirginiain1862,Claraarrivedatafieldhospitalatmidnightwithavehiclefullofsupplies.AdoctornamedPaulSmithatthathospitalwouldlaterwrite,“Ithoughtheavenhadsentoutanangelthatnight—herassistancearrivedatexactlytherighttime.”In1869,ClarawenttoEuropeandlearntabouttheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross.UponherreturntotheUnitedStates,shesuccessfullyfoundedtheAmericanRedCross.Sheledtheorganisationforthenext23years.Herlastfieldmission(使命)asleaderoftheAmericanRedCrosswastohelpthevictimsofthe1900Galvestonhurricane.ShedidnotretirefromtheAmericanRedCrossuntilshewas83.Truetohernature,Claraalwayswenttowheretheneedwasthegreatest.Today,theAmericanRedCrosscontinuesthemissionClarastartedmorethan100yearsago.Withthehelpofthousandsofvolunteers,theAmericanRedCrossprovidesrelieftovictimsofdisasters,aswellashelpspeopleprevent,prepareforandrespondtoallsortsofemergencies.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了美國宏大的女性克拉拉·巴頓以及她對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)。1．WecanlearnfromParagraph2thatClaraBartonwas________．A．honest B．caringC．talented D．modestB解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的Shestayedbyhissideandlookedafterhimforthreeyears,learninghowtogivehimallhismedicines.可知，克拉拉·巴頓是愛護(hù)關(guān)切他人的。故選B項(xiàng)。2．AftertheCivilWarbrokeout,ClaraBarton________.A．joinedthearmyandfoughtbravelyB．wenttoEuropeforfurtherstudyC．continuedtoworkasateacherD．didalottohelpsoldiersD解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段中的Insteadofwaitingforotherstostepin,Claracollectednecessarythingsonherown,askedthepublicfordonationsandlearnthowtostoreanddistributethemtosoldiers.Shealsoreadtothesoldiersandwrotelettersforthem.可知，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，克拉拉·巴頓做了許多事情幫助士兵。故選D項(xiàng)。3．SeeingClaraBarton’sarrival,DrSmithmusthavefelt________．A．excitedandgratefulB．proudandjoyfulC．shyandnervousD．sadandsorryA解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第四段中的“Ithoughtheavenhadsentoutanangelthatnight—herassistancearrivedatexactlytherighttime.”可知，史密斯醫(yī)生望見克拉拉·巴頓的到來肯定是既興奮又感謝。故選A項(xiàng)。4．WhatismainlydescribedinParagraph5?A．TheaimoftheAmericanRedCross.B．Theimportanceofvoluntarydonations.C．ClaraBartonandtheAmericanRedCross.D．ClaraBarton’scontributionstotheCivilWar.C解析：段落大意題。依據(jù)文章第五段中的UponherreturntotheUnitedStates,shesuccessfullyfoundedtheAmericanRedCross.可知，本段主要介紹了克拉拉·巴頓和美國紅十字會(huì)。故選C項(xiàng)。BShewasborntowealthandpowerinatimewhenmoneyandpoliticswerelefttothemen.Later，asthepublisherofTheWashingtonPost(華盛頓郵報(bào)),KatharineGrahambecameoneofAmerica’smostpowerfulwomen.KatharinelovedjournalismandgotajobaftercollegeatTheWashingtonPost,thenewspaperherfatherboughtin1933.AtthePost,KatharinemetPhilGraham,alawyerwhobecameherhusband.Then,in1945,Katharine’sfatherchosePhiltotakeoverhispaper.Katharinedidn’tobject(反對(duì))andstayedathomeasawifeandmother.WhilePhilsucceededinhiscareer,healsosufferedfromseveredepression.WhenPhilcommittedsuicide(自殺),the46-year-oldKatharinefoundherselfthrownintoanewjob,thatofnewspaperpublisher.Butdeterminedtosavethefamilypaperforherchildren,KatharinemetthechallengeofrunningthePost,workingendlesslytoproveherselftohercritics(指責(zé)家),andbecomingtheveryfamouswomanofWashington.In1971,KatharineorderedthePosttoprintacopyofthePentagonPapers(五角大樓文件),thetop-secretpapersrevealingthetruthabouttheVietnamWar.What’smore，herbravedecisionandsupportforherjournalistspreparedthePosttobreakthemostimportantpoliticalstoryinmodernhistory:Watergate(水門事務(wù))．Katharinemanagedtocontrolthemostdisorderedsituationswhenitwasreported,allthetimeinsistingthenewsstoriesbetrueandfair.WatergatemadeTheWashingtonPostaninternationallyfamouspaperandKatharinewasconsideredasthemostpowerfulwomaninAmerica.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇人物介紹，講解并描述了KatharineGraham如何從一名家庭主婦成為一名勝利的報(bào)紙出版商的故事。5．KatharineGrahamwasborninatimewhenwomenwerenotsupposedto________．A．a(chǎn)chievetheirgoalsB．havetheirownjobsC．getagoodeducationD．enterbusinessandpoliticsD解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句可知，在當(dāng)時(shí)，女性被認(rèn)為不應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)入商業(yè)和政治領(lǐng)域。6．WhenherhusbandwaschosentotakeoverthePost，KatharineGraham________．A．waswillingtotakehershareofdutyB．didn’tbelievehewoulddoagoodjobC．wasstronglyagainstthedecisionD．wasnothappyA解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段最終一句可知，當(dāng)丈夫被選為《華盛頓郵報(bào)》的接班人時(shí)，Katharine沒有反對(duì)，并在家里當(dāng)起了賢妻良母，即擔(dān)當(dāng)起自己的那部分責(zé)任。7．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutKatharineGrahamisTRUE?A．Shewassuccessfulinhercareerbutsufferedfromseveredepression.B．WhenshetookoverthePost，thecriticsdoubtedherability.C．ItwasherhusbandwhomadethegreatestcontributionstothePost.D．Shewaspowerfulinherearlylifebecauseofherbackground.B解析：推理推斷題。由第三段最終一句中的“workingendlesslytoproveherselftohercritics(指責(zé)家)”可知，Katharine努力工作向她的指責(zé)者們證明自己，故可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)指責(zé)家們懷疑她的實(shí)力。8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．UpsandDownsofTheWashingtonPostB．KatharineGraham:FromHousewifetoSuccessfulPublisherC．KatharineGraham’sFamilyLifeandCareerD．KatharineGraham:ASuccessfulWomanB解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講解并描述了KatharineGraham如何從一名家庭主婦成為一名勝利的報(bào)紙出版商的故事，故B項(xiàng)為最佳答案。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語法填空Iamworkinginasmallcompany.Afew1.____________(week)ago,agirlwhoworkedas2.____________secretaryinourcompanywasdiagnosed(診斷)withbraincancer.Alloftheemployeesinourcompanyhelpedtoraisemoneyforher.Sheisfroma3.____________(relative)poorfamilyandshelostherfatherwhenshewas15yearsold.Now,sheisasingleparentwitha3-year-olddaughterandthereisnoonetolookafterherkid.Hermonthlyincomeisonly$2004.____________itisverydifficultforherfamily5.____________(bear)theexpensesofhertreatment.Whenweknewabouthersituation,wewantedtohelpher,sowe6.____________(report)herproblemtothetoplevelmanagementandourHRDepartment.7.____________fact,wewerewillingtogivesomeofoursalaries(薪水)toher.Sofar,we8.____________(raise)about$1,333forherpost-operativecareexpenses.Nowsheisbackfromthehospitalandisgettingbetterdaybyday.Yesterdaywewenttomeetheratherhouse.Shewasvery9.____________(thank)toallthepeoplewhohadhelpedherwithhermedical10.____________(treat)generously.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文中講解并描述了作者公司的一位同事得了癌癥，公司員工為其捐款，其病得以好轉(zhuǎn)的故事。1．weeks解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。afew后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以填weeks。2．a(chǎn)解析：考查冠詞。此處指“一個(gè)”，且secretary以輔音音素開頭，所以填不定冠詞a。3．relatively解析：考查副詞。此處用副詞修飾形容詞poor，句意為“她來自一個(gè)相對(duì)貧困