2024中考英語新題型：科技發(fā)明創(chuàng)造一、完形填空（2023上·安徽淮北·九年級(jí)淮北市第二中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）Compass(羅盤)bringsalottothewholeworld.Itisanimportant1inbothChina’shistoryandworld’shistory.Peoplecantravelanywherefreelyand2withitshelp.It’sa(n)3withaneedle(指針)whichalwayspointstothesouth.Touristsandsailors(船員)alwaysuseitalot.FirstcompasswasinventedinChinabetweenthe2ndcenturyBCand1stcenturyAD．It’ssaidthatafarmerwrotedownallhehadfound.Inhis4,somerocksstucktoalltheiron(鐵)objects.Hefeltvery5,becauseheneversawit.Afterthat,peoplefoundmagnetite(磁鐵石)canpointtothesame6ifitwashungup.Theyfoundtheladle(柄)ofacompasspointedsouth7.AncientChineseusedittofindplaces.Theystartedtouseitforsailing(航海)intheeleventhcentury.Therewasno8thatpeopledependedonitverymuch.Firstcompassesweremadeoflodestone(磁石),butlateramagnetizedsteelneedleisusedasits9part.ItarrivedinEuropeuntilbetween12thand13thcentury.Later,it’salso10tobeusedinotherwayslikespace.1．A．project B．invention C．condition D．change2．A．luckily B．loudly C．correctly D．patiently3．A．instrument B．example C．a(chǎn)ction D．magician4．A．dream B．order C．result D．note5．A．bored B．relaxed C．surprised D．serious6．A．direction B．introduction C．instruction D．situation7．A．sofar B．Intheend C．a(chǎn)llthetime D．fromtimetotime8．A．interest B．doubt C．need D．rush9．A．general B．main C．simple D．light10．A．wrong B．sudden C．quick D．direct二、（2023上·山東青島·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）閱讀下面的短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ScientistsattheUniversityofLiverpool(UL)havedevelopedarobotthatcandoexperiments(實(shí)驗(yàn))onitsown.Therobotworksalmostallthetime,stoppingonlylongenoughtorechargeitsbatteries(充電).Therobot11nearly700experimentsineightdays.It’snotnewtouserobotstodoexperiments.Butearlierrobotsusually12thesamejobinoneplaceoverandoveragain.TheULrobotistheoppositeofthat.Therobotissimilarinsizetoahuman.13itweighsmuchmorethanmostpeople—882pounds,it’sabletomovearoundinthesamekindofspaceashumansdo.Dr.Burgersaysit14alotofhardworktoprogramtherobotsothatitcandothingswithoutmakingmistakes.That’s15becauseit’smeanttorunfordayswithoutpeople’shelp.Whentheprogrammingisdone,Dr.Burgersaystherobotmakes16mistakesthanahuman.Totesttheirrobot,thescientistsgaveitachallenge—finda17thatwasgoodatproducinghydrogenfromwater,usinglight.TheULrobotisn’tcheap,anditcostsabout$125,000.Itsoundsexpensive,butafterthescientistscomparedit18othermachinesinthelaboratory,theythoughtitwasworthit.Thefactthattherobotcan19domanydifferentthingsisahugegoodthing.AndrewCooper,leadingtheprogram,saystherobotisnotmeanttotakescientists’place,buttobe20forthem.11．A．discovered B．described C．completed D．reviewed12．A．created B．put C．passed D．repeated13．A．But B．Because C．Though D．Unless14．A．paid B．took C．spent D．cost15．A．terrible B．important C．boring D．uncrowded16．A．fewer B．more C．a(chǎn)few D．many17．A．knowledge B．failure C．situation D．material18．A．for B．in C．with D．into19．A．usedto B．bechangedto C．beinfluencedto D．beusedto20．A．useful B．useless C．a(chǎn)ctive D．historical1．B2．C3．A4．D5．C6．A7．C8．B9．B10．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了羅盤的發(fā)明和用處。1．句意：它是中國歷史和世界歷史上的一項(xiàng)重要發(fā)明。project項(xiàng)目；invention發(fā)明；condition情況；change變化。根據(jù)“Compass(羅盤)bringsalottothewholeworld”可知羅盤是一個(gè)重要的發(fā)明。故選B。2．句意：在它的幫助下，人們可以自由、正確地旅行到任何地方。luckily幸運(yùn)地；loudly大聲地；correctly正確地；patiently耐心地。根據(jù)“Peoplecantravelanywherefreelyand”可知羅盤可以指明方向，讓人們正確地到任何地方去。故選C。3．句意：這是一種指針總是指向南方的儀器。instrument儀器；exmaple例子；action行動(dòng)；magician魔術(shù)師。根據(jù)“withaneedle(指針)whichalwayspointstothesouth”可知羅盤是一個(gè)儀器。故選A。4．句意：在他的筆記中，一些石頭粘在所有的鐵物體上。dream夢(mèng)想；order命令；result結(jié)果；note筆記。根據(jù)“wrotedownallhehadfound”可知是在他寫的筆記中。故選D。5．句意：他感到非常驚訝，因?yàn)樗麖膩頉]有見過它。bored無聊的；relaxed放松的；surprised吃驚的；serious嚴(yán)肅的。根據(jù)“becauseheneversawit”可知之前沒有見過，所以很驚訝。故選C。6．句意：磁鐵石可以指向同一個(gè)方向。direction方向；introduction介紹；instruction用法說明；situation情況。根據(jù)“whichalwayspointstothesouth”可知是指著同一個(gè)方向。故選A。7．句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)指南針的柄一直指向南方。sofar到目前為止；intheend最后；allthetime一直；fromtimetotime不時(shí)地。根據(jù)“whichalwayspointstothesouth”可知是一直指著南方。故選C。8．句意：毫無疑問，人們非常依賴它。interest興趣；doubt懷疑；need需要；rush匆忙。根據(jù)“thatpeopledependedonitverymuch.”可知人們很依賴羅盤，這是毫無疑問的。故選B。9．句意：但后來使用磁化鋼針作為其主要部件。general普遍的；main主要的；simple簡(jiǎn)單的；light輕的。根據(jù)“amagnetizedsteelneedleisusedasits...part”可知是用磁化鋼針作主要的部件。故選B。10．句意：后來，它也可以直接用于其他方面，如太空。wrong錯(cuò)誤的；sudden突然的；quick快的；direct直接的。根據(jù)“tobeusedinotherways”可知是直接用于其他方面。故選D。11．C12．D13．C14．B15．B16．A17．D18．C19．D20．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要是介紹利物浦大學(xué)開發(fā)的一款可以自己做實(shí)驗(yàn)的機(jī)器人，機(jī)器人存在的價(jià)值不是為了取代科學(xué)家，而是為了幫助科學(xué)家。1．句意：這個(gè)機(jī)器人在八天內(nèi)完成了近700個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；described描述；completed完成；reviewed復(fù)習(xí)。根據(jù)“nearly700experimentsineightdays”可知是完成實(shí)驗(yàn)，故選C。2．句意：但是早期的機(jī)器人經(jīng)常待在一個(gè)地方，一次又一次地重復(fù)同一個(gè)工作。created創(chuàng)造；put放；passed通過；repeated重復(fù)。根據(jù)“thesamejobinoneplaceoverandoveragain”可知早期的機(jī)器人重復(fù)做同一個(gè)工作，故選D。3．句意：它比大多數(shù)人重得多——882磅，但是它能像人類一樣在同一個(gè)空間里輕松地移動(dòng)。But但是；Because因?yàn)?；Though雖然；Unless除非。根據(jù)“it’sabletomovearoundinthesamekindofspaceashumansdo.”可知雖然比大多數(shù)人重，但是能輕松移動(dòng)，應(yīng)用though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，故選C。4．句意：Burger博士說花費(fèi)了很多艱苦的工作去給機(jī)器人編程，這樣它做事就不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。paid花費(fèi)，主語是人，后常跟介詞for；took花費(fèi)，通常用于ittakessometimetodosth句型；spent花費(fèi)，以人作主語，花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢；cost花費(fèi)，主語是物，主要表示“花”金錢。根據(jù)“it…alotofhardworktoprogram…”可知是ittakes…句型，故選B。5．句意：那很重要，因?yàn)樗馕吨跊]有人幫助的情況下運(yùn)行數(shù)天。terrible糟糕的；important重要的；boring無聊的；uncrowded不擁擠的。根據(jù)“becauseit’smeanttorunfordayswithoutpeople’shelp.”可知花費(fèi)時(shí)間編程很重要，因?yàn)闄C(jī)器人要獨(dú)立工作數(shù)天，故選B。6．句意：當(dāng)程序完成時(shí)，Burger博士說機(jī)器人犯的錯(cuò)誤就比人類少。fewer更少；more更多；afew一些；many許多。根據(jù)“sothatitcandothingswithoutmakingmistakes”可知，編程是為了讓機(jī)器人犯更少的錯(cuò)