====Word行業(yè)資料分享--可編輯版本--雙擊可刪====源-于-網(wǎng)-絡(luò)-收-集八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解和練習(xí)(一)一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth,nextweek,in100years等。begoingtodo(動(dòng)詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：Itisgoingtorain,willdo結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：Doyouthinkitwillrain?Youwillfeelbetterafteragoodrest.Iwillborrowabookfromourschoollibrarytomorrow.Whatwillshedotomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：（1）wi11+主語+do."?WillSarahcometovisitmenextSunday?（2）therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句：Willthere+be…？Willtherebefewertrees?Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t否定句構(gòu)成：will+not(won’t)+doSarahwon’tcometovisitmenextSunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+will+主語+…?WhatwillSarahdonextSunday?練一練根據(jù)例句，用will改寫下列各句例：Idon,tfeelwelltoday,(bebettertomorrow)I’llbebettertomorrow.1.Ginahassixclassestoday,(havealotofhomeworktonight)2.I’mtirednow.(sleeplater)3.Myparentsneedanewcar.(buyonesoon)4.Wecan’tleaverightnow.(leavealittlelater)5.Theweatherisawfultoday,(bebettertomorrow)(二）should的用法：should用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not.例如：Ithinkyoushouldeatlessjunkfood.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。Shedrivesalotandsheseldomwalks.SoIthinksheshouldwalkalot.她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。Studentsshouldn,tspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式：(1)Ithinkyoushould…"(2)Well,youcould…(3)Maybeyoushould…(4)Whydon’tyou…？(5)Whataboutdoingsth.?(6)You’dbetterdosth.★★練一練★★用should或shouldn’t填空1.Ican,tsleepthenightbeforeexams.You take a warm shower before you go to bed.2.Goodfriendsargue each other.3.Thereislittlemilkintheglass.Webuy some.4.Theydidn,tinviteyou?Maybeyou be friendlier.5.Iamalittlebitoverweight.SoIthinkI do exerciseseveryday.(三） 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。was/were+doing,例如:IwaswatchingTVat9o9clocklastnightat9o,clocklastnight是時(shí)間點(diǎn)Theywereplayingfootballallafternoon.allafternoon是時(shí)間段at8o’clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday等。例如：Iwashavinglunchathomethistimeyesterday.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯。Atthattimeshewaswritingabook.那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段時(shí)間里一直在做那件事情。）練一練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.ThistimeyesterdayI (read) books.2.At9ofclocklastSundaythey (have) a party.3.WhenI(come) into the classroom, she (read) a storybook.4.She (play) computer games while her mother (cook) yesterday afternoon.5.I (have) a shower whenyou (call) me yesterday.(四） 間接引語形成步驟：(1)不要逗號(hào)，冒號(hào)，引號(hào)(2)要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語是一致的）(3)要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化(4)要考慮時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和語示代詞的變化。1.直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)2.直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語1.am/is1.was2.are2.were3.have/has3.had4.will4.would5.can5.could6.may6.might練一練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.ShesaidI(be) hard-working.2.Petertoldmehe(be)boredyesterday.3.Shesaidshe(go) swimming last Sunday.4.Bobbysaidhe(may) call me later.5.Antoniotoldmehe(read) a book then.請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話：1.IgotothebeacheverySaturday.(Tom)2.Icanspeakthreelanguages.(Lucy)3.Iwillcallyoutomorrow.(Mike)’mhavingasurprisepartyforLana,(she)(五）if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：if+—般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語+將來時(shí)含義：如果……，將要……例如：Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你請(qǐng)求他，他會(huì)幫助你。Ifneedbe,weJ11workallnight.如果需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵。練一練根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。1.如果你參加聚會(huì)，你將會(huì)過得很開心。Ifyouthe party, you.2.如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。Ifittomorrow, we3.如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會(huì)喜歡英語的。Ifyouoften, you二.完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路(一）題型分類與特點(diǎn)完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個(gè)詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)而都可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類:完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。1.完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對(duì)每一空格提供若干個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識(shí)，從所提供的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在150—200個(gè)單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置10個(gè)左右空格，所設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語法及對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個(gè)語境，對(duì)每一空格設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾，側(cè)重考査了考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯的能力及對(duì)短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。2.選詞填空題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前而或后而的方框內(nèi)，有時(shí)還增加幾個(gè)文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。(A)Jackwantedtoaskfortwodaysoff,1hehadonlylearntthephrase(短語)“haveadayoff”.He2,thenhehadanidea.“Grandmotherisill.MayIhaveadayoff,3?”heaskedtheteacher.“Ofcourse,youcan.”replied答復(fù)theteacheratonce.Afterawhile,theboycameto4attheteacher’sdoor.“MayIhaveadayoff5?”Theteacherwasverysurprised,“Didn’tyou6itjustnow?”“Yes,sir.ButIcan’tbehere7,either.”Theteacherunderstoodhimandcouldnothelp8.Thenhesaidwithasmile,“Whydidn’tyousay‘MayIhavetwodaysoff?’”Theboyansweredquickly9aloudvoice.“Butyouonly10us‘haveadayoff!’”1.A.butB.andC.orD.for

2.A.thoughthardly

B.thoughthardandhard

C.hardthought

D.thoughtandthought

3.A.MissB.sirC.teacherD.Mr

4.A.strikeB.bestC.hitD.knock

5.A.alsoB.againC.tooD.once

6.A.speakB.tellC.sayD.do

7.A.tomorrowB.thedayaftertomorrowC.yesterdayD.thedaybeforeyesterday

8.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughedD.laughing

9.A.withB.onC.inD.by

10.A.teachB.taughtC.areteachingD.wereteaching(B)請(qǐng)根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個(gè)單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?0個(gè)填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。 than,so,tell,us,them,report,beause,love,composition,understand,to,that,much,for,whatAgenerationgap代溝hasbecomeaseriousproblem.Ireada1aboutitinthenewspaper.Somechildrenhavekilled2afterquarrels爭吵withparents.Ithinkthisis3theydon’thaveagoodtalkwitheachother.Parentsnowspend4timeintheoffice.5theydon’thavemuchtimetostaywiththeirchildren.Astimepasses,theybothfeel6theydon’thavethesametopics話題totalkabout.Iwantto7parentstobemorewithyourchildren,gettoknowthemandunderstandthem.Andforchildren,showyourfeeling8yourparents.Theyarethepeoplewho9you.Sotellthemyourthoughts想法.Inthisway,youcanhaveabetter10ofeachother.完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是：1.跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上才開始判定選擇，切忌倉促下筆。2.結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容，注意從上、下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手,根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對(duì)備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。3.瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個(gè)擊破。動(dòng)筆時(shí)要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對(duì)比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續(xù)往下做，最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時(shí)可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著對(duì)短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。4.復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。完成各道題選擇后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)査。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤答案或有疑問的，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。完形填空試題的一般解題思路是：1.跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時(shí)先跳過空格，通讀完形填空的短文，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，推測全文主題及大意。2.復(fù)讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識(shí)，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。3.三讀短文、上下參照、驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個(gè)詞后，將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。(三）課文閱讀指導(dǎo)閱讀理解能力理解主旨要義理解文中具體信息根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的意義做出簡單判斷的推理理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度擴(kuò)大視距克服聲讀克服逐字讀通過標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測文章的標(biāo)題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義，因此通過文章標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測，以便正確理解。通過語篇標(biāo)記進(jìn)行預(yù)測語篇標(biāo)記包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)換詞也包括其他關(guān)鍵詞。利用背景知識(shí)預(yù)測利用圖片進(jìn)行預(yù)測實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練選擇填空。( )1.Beijingwonthechances the 2008 Olympics.tohost B. host C. hosting D. hosted( )2.TigerWoodscanmakebillions dollars a year.forB.withC.of D. on( )3.—Youlookedsobeautifulattheparty.A.No,Idon,tthinksoB.OfcourseC.ThankyouverymuchD.No,Vmnotbeautiful( )4.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Thereare new wordsinit.afew B.alittleC.fewD.little( )5.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper “WhoMovedMycheese”wasaninterestingbook.thatB.whatC.howD.if( )6.—InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreinterestingthanspeaking,Ithink.—Idon,tagree.Speakingis reading.A.asimportantasB.soimportantasC.themoreimportant D. the mostimportant( )7.Ifhe harder, he’ 11 catchupwithus.A.workB.works C. worked D. will work( )8.Themanager that the businesswouldbeworseafterthestock(股票）wentdown.A.talked B.toldC.saidD.spoke( )9.Weshouldkeep in thereading-room.A.quiet B.quietlyC.quite D. quickly( )10.—Ithinkeverythinggoesonwell.--- A.SoIdoB.IdosoC.SodoID.SoisI()11.IfyouwanttowatchTV,youmayturn .A.down B. iton C. onit D. itoff()12.I’msorryIhavenJtgotanymoney.I’ve my handbag at home.A.missed B.leftC.putD.forgotten()13.Heislisteningtothemusic she is washing clothes.A.after B.before C.thatD.while()14.Ittakes time togotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain.A.more B. fewer C. longer D. less()15.—Excuseme.Haveyougotaneraser?—Sorry,Ihaven’t.Why you ask Mary? Perhapsshe,s