人教版課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教材（英語(yǔ)選修7第5單元）

第5單元

1kind:"this/thatkind/sort/typeof+單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做

主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，而在比較正式的用語(yǔ)中，復(fù)數(shù)

名詞可放在前面，即：?jiǎn)?復(fù)數(shù)名詞+of+this/kind,這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由

名詞的數(shù)來(lái)決定，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)名詞已成為中心詞。

Thiskindofquestionsisverydifficulttoanswer.=Questi

onsofthiskindareverydifficulttoanswer.

Thatkindofshoesisfashionable.=Shoesofthatkindare

fashionable.

表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)：

agreatdealof/anamountof"大量的"，后加不可數(shù)名詞

（agood/greatmany}anumberof"大量的"只修飾可數(shù)名詞

alotof/plentyof/aquantityof許多/therest”剩余

的”口即可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

Quantitiesoffoodweresuppliedtotheareaofbeingflood

ed.

Alargequantityofbeerhasbeensold.

2.by（1）在近處（位置）Hewouldstandbythewindowfora

fewhours.

（2）（示移動(dòng)方向）沿，經(jīng)，由，從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)Ipassedbymewi

thoutnoticingme.

Igothehouseeveryday.

(3)不遲于，在…以前

Willyoufinishthetaskbytomorrow?Bythistimetomo

rrowhewillbehere.

(4)(表示方法、手段)由，靠，通過(guò)Theyintendedtoleave

bythefirsttrain.

(5)相差(數(shù)目或程度)Hishorsewonbyanoise.…以僅有的

一點(diǎn)優(yōu)勢(shì)…

Iwaslatebytenminutes.

(6)表示大小，次第，逐一Thestudentsentered2by2.

Timewentbylittlebylittle.

(7)(表示關(guān)系)就…來(lái)說(shuō)HeisanEnglishmanbybirth.Shei

sadoctorbyprofession.職業(yè)醫(yī)生

相關(guān)短語(yǔ)bydoingsth通過(guò)做某事(來(lái)達(dá)到目的)littlebylit

tie一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)，逐漸地，慢慢地

bythetime到那時(shí)為止byair/sea/land/car/bus/bike/plan

e乘…bymeansof用，依靠

bytheway順便問(wèn)一下bythehour/theweek/theyear以小

時(shí)、周、年來(lái)記報(bào)酬

callsbbyname叫某人的名字knowsbbyname知道某人的名

字byfar…得多，最…

daybyday日復(fù)一日byoneself獨(dú)自byhand用手bymist

ake弄錯(cuò)

3doyouthink常做插入語(yǔ)，句子以特殊問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭，且用陳述語(yǔ)序

Whatdoyouthinkheraddressis?(1)類似的用法：doyo

ubelieve,doyouimagine,doyouexpect等，但doyouknow

無(wú)此用法。

(2)表示“相信，認(rèn)為”的結(jié)構(gòu)，常用Ithink/suppose/expec

t/imagine/hope…so.

Isuppose/expect/hope/guess/believenot.Idon't

thinkso.

(3)否定轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)構(gòu)：think,believe,suppose,expect,feel,

imagine等

Idon,tthinkhewillcomeheretoday.Hedoesn,tfe

elhecanstanditmuchlonger.

反義疑問(wèn)句：若主語(yǔ)是第一人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,s

uppose等時(shí)，反義問(wèn)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及主語(yǔ)要與從句保持一致。Ido

n'tthinkheisserious,?

Hedoesn'tfeelitiswisetogiveachildwhateverhewan

t,?

例：I'msureyou'drathershewenttoschoolbybus,?

Ahadn,tyouBwouldn'tyouCaren,tIDdidn,tshe

4adjust(1)調(diào)節(jié)/調(diào)整(使適合)Imustadjustmywatch;it's

slow.Yourcollarneedadjusting.整理

(2)使適應(yīng)/適應(yīng)Ittookherquitealongtimetoadjustt

olivingaloneinaforeigncountry.

近義詞：adaptto

其中to是介詞，后接v-ing形式

類似的短語(yǔ)：devote…to/bedevotedto,makecontributions

to,be/getusedto,beaccustomedto,lookforwardto,p

ayattentionto,getdownto,leadto,stickto,objectt

o,inadditionto,onthewayto,turnto,belongto,re

plyto,seeto(負(fù)責(zé)，照看)等

5experience(1)(U)經(jīng)驗(yàn)Mikeisamanofmuch/richexpe

rience.

MrBlack,afriendofmyfather's,isateacherwith30

years'experience.

(2)(C)經(jīng)歷，閱歷Ourjourneybycamelwasanunforgettab

leexperience.

(3)V經(jīng)歷，感受Ihaveexperiencedwhathardshipmeans.

我體驗(yàn)過(guò)艱苦生活。

Ourcountryhasexperiencedgreatchangesinthelast30

years.

experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，educated受過(guò)教育的，skilled技術(shù)熟

練的experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)

6board(1)VYou'dbetterboardthetrainnow.It'stime

toleave.

(2)V食宿I'mboardingwithafriend.我和一個(gè)朋友一塊住。

(3)n長(zhǎng)薄且扁平的木板(常用于合成詞)blackboardnotice

boardchessboard

(4)n膳食費(fèi)用Ipaid$10aweekforboardandlodging.

我每周付10元的食宿費(fèi)。

詞組：onboard在船上，在飛機(jī)上

boardingcard登船(機(jī))票/證boardinghouse供食宿的宿

舍

7(1)It/That/Thisis/wasthefirst/secondtimethat….

后接完成時(shí)從句。

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoBeijing.Thatw

asthelasttimethatIhadbeenthere.

(2)Itis(high)timethat后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣(一般為過(guò)去時(shí))It

istimethatIgotup/wenthome.

(3)forthefirsttime(用做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))與thefirsttime

(用做連詞，來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句)

Icametohisofficeforthefirsttime.Thefirsttime

hesawher,hefellinlovewithher.

8dream(1)(n)夢(mèng)想，夢(mèng)Hehadadreamofbeingateach

er.

(2)v常與of/about連用Hehadeverdreamedofbecomin

gafamousactor.

(3)dreamastrangedream同源賓語(yǔ)liveahappylife

9expect(1)v預(yù)料，期待，預(yù)期Iexpectthathewillpass

theexamination.

Heexpectstofailtheexamination.他料想無(wú)法通過(guò)考試。

(2)v期望、盼望某事，尤指好事發(fā)生，常用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

I'mexpectingaletter.(等)I'mexpectingJohnanymi

nutenow.我現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)刻刻在等著…

(3"以為，認(rèn)為“相當(dāng)于supposeIexpectitwasthecat

thatbrokethecup.

expected(adj)預(yù)料之中的unexpected(adj)未預(yù)料到的

expectation(n)預(yù)期

指點(diǎn)迷津：(1)hope表示“祝愿，愿望”不可接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)或雙賓

語(yǔ)

hopesbsth()hopesbtodosth

(2)wish愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能不大，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣?？梢哉f(shuō)wishsb-

或wishsbtodosth

(3)expect“期待”，確信某事必將發(fā)生。多用于好的事物expec

tsbtodosth

expecttoomuchofsb對(duì)某人期望過(guò)高onlytobeexpe

cted可能發(fā)生，相當(dāng)正常

(4)lookforwardto"期待，盼望"其中to為介詞

Whenheturnedprofessionalattheageof11,Mike_tobee

omeaworldchampionbyhiscoachandparents.Aexpected

BwasexpectingCwasexpectedDwouldbeexpected

10lecture(1)講課，上課nMrSmithgaveusaninterestin

glecture.

(2)做演講，講課ProfessorZhangisnotlecturingthister

m.

(3)(因某事)斥責(zé)或告誡某人Dostoplecturingme!別教訓(xùn)

我了。

alecturetour巡回演講givesbalecture訓(xùn)斥某人give

alecture講課

deliveralecture上課lecturesbfor/aboutsth因某

事斥責(zé)或告誡某人

11.qualification(n)

(1)考試及格證書(shū)，執(zhí)照Hehasgotamedicalqualificatio

n.他已取得醫(yī)學(xué)資格證。

(2)資格(常用復(fù)數(shù))Hehastherightqualificationsfor

thejob.

qualify(v)取得資格，修飾，限制qualified合格的qual

ity品質(zhì)，素質(zhì)quantity數(shù)量

12prepare:preparesthpreparesbforsthpreparef

orsthbe(well)preparedforsth

preparetodosthinpreparationmakepreparations

for

13before(1)prep在。??前面Hestoodbeforeher.

(2)prep(表示時(shí)間)在…以前Pleasecomebefore10o'cl

ock.

(3)adv以前Ihaveneverseenhimbefore.

(4)conj在。??之前Wedowanttobuysomethingbeforeprice

sgoup.

longbefore不久以后longbefore很久以前Itwon't

belongbefore…不久就…

Adozenideaswereconsidered_thechiefarchitectdecid

edonthedesignofthebuilding.

AbecauseBbeforeCwhetherDunless

14recommend(1)“推薦，贊許,稱贊”常與介詞to,for,as

連用recommendation(n)

Canyourecommendagooddictionarytome?

Theyrecommendhimforthejob/asagoodlawyer.

(2)“勸告，建議”后接doing,不接不定式，和可接復(fù)合賓

語(yǔ)，或接虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句。

J①recommenddoingHerecommendabook

onEnglistrstudytome.

recommend②recommendsbtodosth

③recommendthat從句(用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

Irecommendbuyingthisdictionary.

Thedoctorrecommendhispatienttogooutforawalk.

Theteacherrecommendedthateveryone(should)takeanac

tivepartintheEnglishparty.

相關(guān)用法：(1)advisesbtodosthallowsbtodosthpe

rmitsbtodosthforbidsbtodosth

advisingdoingallowingdoingpermitdoingforbiddoin

gsuggestdoing

(2)后接賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的詞：advise,suggest,deman

d,desire,insist(堅(jiān)持做)，order,require,command,ur

ge,recommend等

15host(1)(n)(待客的)主人Iwasawaysomysonactedas

host.Beijingisthehostof…

(2)n(電視節(jié)目等)主持人ThehostontonightJsshowisMa

xAstor.hostess女主(持)人

(v)主持，主辦某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)Beijinghasgottheopportunityto

hostthe2008OlympicGames.

16live(1)vi"活，生存"Thedoctorsdon,tthinkhewill

livethroughthenight.

(2)vi"居住"Wheredoyoulive?

(3)vt相當(dāng)于lead“過(guò)■樣的生活"Nowpeopleinourcou

ntryarelivingahappylife.

(4)adj"活的"一般用來(lái)指動(dòng)物Hecaughtsomelivefish

withnotools.

(5)adj"現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的"TheCCTVmadealivecoverageofth

eWorldCup.

短語(yǔ)：livewith忍受，和起住liveon靠…生活/生存liv

eupto遵守，達(dá)到符合，不辜負(fù)(他人的期望)livet

hrough度過(guò)，經(jīng)歷(災(zāi)難或其他困境)而幸存

17comfort(1)U舒適，身體健康Theydideverythingforo

urcomfort.…盡力使我們舒適。

Herchildrenareagreatcomfortforher.

(2)幫助，安慰，仁愛(ài)Thenewsbroughtcomforttoallofu

s.…給大家?guī)?lái)了安慰。

(3)vThechildrantoitsmothertobecomforted.以求安

慰。

Hetriedtocomfortherbytellingherthateverything

wouldbeallright.

comfortable安逸的，舒適的comfortless無(wú)安慰的，不舒適的

comforter安慰者，羊毛圍巾

18substitute(n)(1)“代替，替換”，后常與for連用

Honeycanbeusedasasubstituteforsugar.

Heisasubstituteplayerontheteam.他是替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員。

(2)“用…代替"，后接forWesubstitutedpotatoesf

orrice.…用土豆代替米飯。

Wemustsubstituteanewchairforthebrokenone.

短語(yǔ)：substitutesthforsth某人代替某人substitutes

bforsb某物代替某物

replacesthwithsth用某物代替某物changesthforsth

用某物替換某物

taketheplaceof代替takeone'splace代替inplaceo

f代替instead(of)代替，而不是

19help組成的詞組：helponeselftosth自取/隨便用…

can,thelpdoing情不自禁地做某事help(sb)o

ut幫助(某人)擺脫困境

cannothelpbutdo不得不做withthehelpof在…的

幫助下withone'shelp

20academic(1)adj”學(xué)院的，學(xué)校的“，常作定語(yǔ)。

TheacademicyearusuallystartsinSeptember.一學(xué)年通常

是從9月開(kāi)始的。

(2)n大學(xué)講師，高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生HeisanacademicinOxfor

dUniversity.

academy學(xué)院，專科院校

21requirement(1)依賴或需要的事物，常用做復(fù)數(shù)。

Ourlatestmodelshouldmeetyourrequirementsexactly.

Ourimmediaterequirementisextrastaffs.我們急需額外的

工作人員。

(2)規(guī)定或要求的事物Notallvisitorssatisfythelegalen

tryrequirement.

不是所有的外賓都符合法律上的入境規(guī)定。

require(v)requiresbtodosth要求某人做某事

requirethat從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

Therequirementisthat…從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

Therequirementisthatalltheworkers(should)startto

workat7:30.

Hishealthrequiresthathe(should)gotobedearly.

22tutor(1)私人教師，家教，導(dǎo)師Atutortotaughtthechi

Idrenwhiletheywereinhospital.

(2)課本，特別指音樂(lè)課本Mysonhasgotaviolintutorfro

mschool.

(3)教，教某人Heoftentutorsachildofhisfriend'sf

oranexamination..

他經(jīng)常輔導(dǎo)他朋友的孩子準(zhǔn)備考試

(4)vt(control)控制，約束自己的感情Itisimportantt

otutoryourselftobepatient.

培養(yǎng)你的耐心是重要的。

短語(yǔ)：tutorsbinsth教某人某事tutorone'spassions

抑制某人的感情

tutoroneselftobepatient培養(yǎng)自己的耐心/耐性

23常見(jiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：

(1)用do的某種形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。Dobecareful!.Hedoe

sworkhard.Ididtellyou.

(2)用only強(qiáng)調(diào)，特別用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)。Onlyinthiswaycan

youlearnEnglishwell.

(3)用just,right,very強(qiáng)調(diào)，強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞時(shí)一，注意與冠詞的位

置關(guān)系。

Heisjustthepersontofitthejob.Thisistherig

htbookIhavebeenlookingfor.

Heistheveryboywhowonthefirstprize.

(4)Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用who

24usedto過(guò)去常常，beusedtodo被用來(lái)做beusedto

doing習(xí)慣于

25takeup(1)占去時(shí)間/精力

Writingtakesupmostofhissparetime.Itwon't

takeupmuchtime.

(2)占據(jù)空間(面積)Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.

(3)繼續(xù)，接下去I'11takeupthestorywhereIfinishe

dyesterday.

(4)開(kāi)始從事Shetookuppaintingwhenshewasafive-ye

ar-oldgirl.

短語(yǔ)：takeback收回takein吸收，欺騙takeoff起飛，成

名，脫掉(衣服，鞋帽等)

take…forgranted認(rèn)為…理所當(dāng)然takeaway帶走take

down拆掉takeover接管

takeplace發(fā)生takeon呈現(xiàn)，雇傭takepartin參加tak

eiteasy別緊張

26num(adj)“失去感覺(jué)的，麻木的"常用比喻義。

Theshockleftmenum,我驚呆了。Shewasnumwithterr

or.她嚇得不能動(dòng)了。

句中with用來(lái)表示原因，意為“因?yàn)?，由?Hetrembledwi

thfear.

Hisfingerswerenumwithcold.Hewasshakingwithlaug

hter.Herfacewasredwithcold.

Hisfaceturnedredwithembarrassment.I'11dowith

pleasure.

27concern(v)使人擔(dān)憂，煩惱Ourlossesarebeginningto

concernme.

beconcernedabout/for/over對(duì)。??擔(dān)憂beconcernedi

n與某事有牽連，對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)

beconcernedwith與。??有關(guān)

28confuse(v)使…混亂/糊涂/弄錯(cuò)Iwasconfusedbythe

noisearound.

Herunexpectedarrivalconfusedallourplans.

Ialwaysconfusethetwinsisters.Theylooksoalike.

getconfused困惑不解，糊涂的confusing莫名其妙的，

難以理解的confusion迷惑

29lack(n&V)(1)“沒(méi)有，缺乏”常與of連用

Theplantsdiedforlackofwater.Theprojectwasaba

ndonedforlackofmoney.

(2)Vt“缺乏，沒(méi)有"直接加賓語(yǔ)Welackknowledgeandsk

ill.

Hisparentslackthemoneytosendhimtouniversity.

forlackof因缺乏…h(huán)avenolackof不缺乏….lackfor

nothing一無(wú)所缺

belackingin缺乏

30improve(1)(vt)使變好，使改善IwanttoimprovemyE

nglish.

(2)變好，改善IthinkyourEnglishisimproving.

Hishealthisimproving.=Heisimprovinginhealth.

improvement改善，改進(jìn)，增進(jìn)

31appear(vi)出現(xiàn)，出版，到場(chǎng)Thatthepopsingerappe

aredmadehisfanscrazy.

IfIfailtoappearbyseveno'clockIwillnotcomea

tall.

(2)看起來(lái)，似乎Heappearstowanttoleaveasearlyas

possible.

Itappearsthathewillwin.=Itappearsasif/asthou

ghhewillwin.

todoHeappearedtohavebeentoldeveryt

hing,〔

appearthat-clause

asif/asthough

Itappears/seemsthat看起來(lái)似乎…Thereappears/s

eemstobe...

Itlooks/seems/appearsasif...

disappear(v)消失disappearance(n)消失

appear與disappear無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

32content(1)(n)所容納之物，所含之物，內(nèi)容(contents)

Hetippedthecontentsofthebagontothetable.他把

提包里的東西倒在桌子上。

Firehascausedseveredamagetothecontentsofthebu

ilding.

Hehadn'treadtheletterandsowasunawareofitscont

ents

(2)(書(shū)的)目錄(contents)atableofcontents目錄a

contentspage目錄頁(yè)

(3)(書(shū)，講話，節(jié)目等的)主題，主要內(nèi)容

Yourtoneofvoiceisasimportantaswhatyouhavetos

ay..

Thecontentofthecoursedependsonwhatthestudentsw

ouIdliketostudy.

Herpoetryhasagreatdealofpoliticalcontent.

(4)含量，容量(用于名詞后)foodwithahighfatcontent

thealcoholcontentofadrink

(5)adj滿足，滿意(不用于名詞前)becontentwith

Notcontentwithstealingmygirlfriend,shehasturned

al1myfriendsagainstme.

becontenttodo愿意做I'mcontenttowait.

contented(尤指因生活好而)滿足的，滿意的(用于名詞前)

acontentedsmileHeisacontentedman.

contentment(n)

33.occupy(1)(vt)占據(jù)充滿Thespeechesoccupied3hou

rs.發(fā)言共占了3個(gè)小時(shí)。

Manyproblemsoccupiedhismind,他腦子里裝著許多問(wèn)題。

(2)軍事占領(lǐng)takepossessionofThearmyoccupiedt

heenemy'scapital.

(3)占有房屋、土地Theyoccupytheroomnextdoor.他們住

在隔壁房間。

(4)擔(dān)任某職Mysisteroccupiesanimportantpositionin

herfirm.

beoccupiedindoingsth忙于做某事beoccupiedwit

hsth忙于某事

34common(1)普通的，常見(jiàn)的commonsense/knowledge常識(shí)

(2)一般的，平常的Heisnotanofficer,butacommon

soldier.

(3)共同的，共有的Weshareacommonpurpose.

(4)n公地，公用草地，公園EverySaturdayMarygoesri

dingonthevillagecommon.

(5)incommon”共有，公用"常與with連用

Incommonwithmanyyoungpeople,hepreferspopmusi

ctoclassicalmus