必修一Unit5高考拆組訓(xùn)練閱讀理解組塊專練——練速度(限時：30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解ABessieColemanBorninTexas,ColemanmovedtoChicagotofindajob,butshebecameinterestedinthestoriessheheardfrompilotsreturningfromWorldWarⅠ.However,herrace(種族)andhergender(性別)keptheroutofflightschoolsintheU．S.,soshemadeherwaytoFrancewhereshecouldlearnflying.WhenshereturnedtoChicago,Colemanhaddifficultyfindingjobs,soshechosetobeastunt(特技)pilot.ShewasthefirstblackfemalepilotintheU．S.andwasaninspirationtoearlypilotsandtoAfricanAmericansandNativeAmericans.BessicaRaicheBessicaRaichedroveacar,shotgunsandpracticedmedicine.Besides,shewasanacplishedartistandmusician.ButonOct.13,1910,RaichebecamethefirstAmericanwomantomakeaflightinanaircraftbyherself.Raiche'saviationcareer(航空職業(yè))wasshort,asshemovedtoSouthernCaliforniatofocusonhercareerinmedicine,laterbeingpresidentoftheOrangeCountyMedicalAssociation.WillaBrownWillaBrownwasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoearnbothapilot'slicense(1938)andamerciallicense(1939)．Asaformerschoolteacherandsocialworker,BrownsetuptheCoffeySchoolofAeronauticsatChicago'sHarlemAirport,whichlaterbecamethefirstgovernment-approvedaviationtrainingschoolforAfricanAmericans.PeggyWhitsonAt57,PeggyWhitsonwastheworld'soldestspacewoman.Shehasspent500daysoffEarth—morethananyotherwoman,andin2008,shebecamethefirstfemalemanderoftheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)．ShemadehereighthspacewalkonMarch30,2017andshebeatthecurrentrecordforwomenof50hoursand40minutesoftotalspacewalkingtime.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了四位女性飛行員。)1．WhydidBessieColemanmovetoFrance?A．Toacquirestuntskills.B．Tofindawell-paidjob.C．TotakepartinWorldWarⅠ.D．Toachieveherflyingdream.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。由第一段的“herrace(種族)andhergender(性別)keptheroutofflightschoolsintheU．S.,soshemadeherwaytoFrancewhereshecouldlearnflying”可知，BessieColeman到法國是想實現(xiàn)自己成為飛行員的夢想。2．Whomadeacontributiontoaviationeducation?A．BessieColeman. B．BessicaRaiche.C．WillaBrown. D．PeggyWhitson.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。由第三段的最后一句可知，WillaBrown創(chuàng)辦了第一所政府支持的非裔美國人飛行訓(xùn)練學(xué)校。3．Whichofthefollowingdothefourshare?A．Theyareoutstandingwomenpilots.B．Theysuffereddiscriminationatwork.C．Theyneverreceivedgoodeducation.D．Theyhaveshowngreatcreativity.解析：選A推理判斷題。由第一段的最后一句、第二段的“RaichebecamethefirstAmericanwomantomakeaflightinanaircraftbyherself”以及第三段和第四段的內(nèi)容可推知，這四位都是杰出的女飛行員。BWhenSarahHansenfirstcametoBonnieSchlachte'sballetstudio,shejokinglycalledherselfa“weeble-wobble”，tellingherballetteacherthatshewouldfallwhenshetriedtowalk.“Shecouldn'twalkacrosstheroomwithoutholdingontosomething，”recalledSchlachte.“Shewouldimmediatelyfall.”Hansenwasonlyinmiddleschool,butaprogressiveneurological(神經(jīng)性的)diseasepreventedherfromwalking,letalonedoingballet.ButHansenhadastrongspiritanddesperatelywantedtolearnballet.HansentookweeklygroupclassesatSchlachte'sballetstudiocalledBalletforallKids,astudiothatteacheschildrenwithandwithoutdisabilities.Soonaftershebeganclassesandprivatelessons,herfamilysawavastimprovementinherabilitytomove.Sheworkedtirelesslyinthestudio,focusingonwhatherinstructorwantedfromher.“Atthetime,herfootwouldn'tfullyrestonthefloor，”explainedSchlachte.“That'swhyshecouldn'tstandonherowniftherewasnosupport.”Schlachtepushedherstudent,explainingtoHansenthatherbrainhasneuroplasticity(神經(jīng)可塑性),soeventuallyitwillreceivethemessage.Holdingadegreeinpsychology,BonnieSchlachtewastheperfectpersontopushHansentodoherbest.Schlachteputherselfthroughcollegewithdanceandtheaterscholarships.Aftergraduation,shecameacrossachancetohelpchildrenwithdisabilities.Shefellinlovewithandchosetofocusonjobsinthatfield.Yearslater,SchlachtefoundherselfwatchingandcelebratingHansen,whoatonepointcouldbarelywalk,butnowcouldmoveacrosstheflooronherowntwofeet.“Oneday,herankledropped,andsheputherwholefootontheground，”saidSchlachte.“Iwascryingandhermomwascrying.Itwasagreatmoment.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，從小患有神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的SarahHansen不能走路，然而她卻喜歡跳芭蕾。在老師的耐心教導(dǎo)和自己的努力下，她終于能夠獨立行走了。4．WhydidSarahHansencallherselfa“weeble-wobble”？A．Shehaddifficultyinwalking.B．Shewasapoorballetdancer.C．Shehadnoideaaboutherbrain.D．Shemadeslowprogressatschool.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。由第一段的“tellingherballetteacherthatshewouldfallwhenshetriedtowalk”可知，當(dāng)她走路時，她就會摔倒，這是她稱呼自己為weeble-wobble的原因。5．WhatkindofpersonwasSarahHansen?A．Energeticandconfident.B．Optimisticandgenerous.C．Independentandout-going.D．Determinedandhard-working.解析：選D推理判斷題。由第二段的“ButHansenhadastrongspiritanddesperatelywantedtolearnballet”和第三段的第一句可推知，她是一個意志堅定而且勤奮的人。6．WhatmadeSchlachteandHansen'smothercry?A．Hansen'sdegreeinpsychology.B．Hansen'simprovementinmoving.C．Hansen'swillingnesstolearnballet.D．Hansen'swinningdancescholarships.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的“couldmoveacrosstheflooronherowntwofeet”和“sheputherwholefootontheground”可知，Hansen能夠自己走路了，她在走路方面取得的進步讓她的老師和母親喜極而泣。CStephenHawkingWarnsHumansMustLeaveEarthSoonProfessorStephenHawkingrecentlycameoutwithaseriouswarningforpeople.WhileattheStarmusFestival,afestivalinTrondheim,Norway,celebratingscienceandthearts,Hawkingwarnedpeoplethatthehumanraceisinseriousdanger.HawkingcriticizedPresidentDonaldTrumpfordenyingclimatechange.Thenthephysicistwarnedtheaudience,“Iamnotdenyingtheimportanceoffightingclimatechangeandglobalwarming,unlikeDonaldTrump,whomayjusthavetakenthemostseriousandwrongdecisiononclimatechangethisworldhasseen.”HawkingproposedthattheleadingcountriesshouldsendastronautstotheMoonbefore2020torestartamovementofmoreexplorationinspace.TheBBCreportedthatHawkingsuggestedthatwe“buildalunarbasein30years'timeandsendpeopletoMarsby2025”．AccordingtotheBBC,ProfessorHawkingsaid,“Spreadingoutintospacewillpletelychangethefutureofhumanity.”Hecontinued,“Ihopeitwouldunitepetitivenationsinasinglegoaltofacethemonchallengeforusall.”Thephysicistsharedmoreideastomotivatetheyoungergenerationtocontinueexploringspace.Hawkingstated,“Anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexcite(youngpeople),andstimulateinterestinotherareas,suchasastrophysics(天體物理學(xué))andcosmology(宇宙學(xué))．”Hawkingalsorevealedhisvisionofotherformsofenergythatcouldmoveustoanewplanet.Hewarnedtheaudience,“TheEarthisunderthreatfromsomanyareasthatitisdifficultformetobepositive.”Hecontinued,“Ournaturalresourcesarebeingdrainedatanalarmingrate.Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrousgiftsofclimatechange,risingtemperatures,reductionofthepolaricecaps,deforestation(濫伐森林),anddecimation(大批殺死)ofanimalspecies.Wecanbeanignorantandunthinking(考慮不周的)lot.”Theprofessorwarnedtheaudiencethatdoingnothingwouldleadnowhere.Hesaid,“Ifwesucceedwewillsendaprobe(航天探測器)toAlphaCentauriwithinthelifetimeofsomeofyoualivetoday.Itisclearthatweareenteringanewspaceage.Wearestandingatthethreshold(開端)ofanewera.Humancolonizationandmovingtootherplanetsisnolongersciencefiction,anditcanbesciencefact.”Hawkingadvisedtheaudiencetomovetootherworldsbecausewearerunningoutofspace.語篇解讀：文章引用了世界知名物理學(xué)及天文學(xué)家霍金的觀點，闡明了人類必須離開地球在太空中找一處新家的原因。7．AccordingtoHawking,whatisthefirststepforhumanstospreadoutintospace?A．TosendpeopletoMars.B．Tobuildalunarbase.C．TosendastronautstotheMoon.D．Tochangethefutureofhumanity.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人類要向太空擴展應(yīng)在2020年之前把宇航員送到月球以重啟太空探索，故選C項。8．Theunderlinedword“drained”inParagraph5canbereplacedby“________”．A．speededup B．storedC．usedup D．explored解析：選C詞義猜測題。由該詞前面的“naturalresources”和后面的“atanalarmingrate”可以推斷出，drain在這里是“用完，耗盡”的意思，故選C項。9．WhatisHawking'sattitudetowardstheEarth'sfuture?A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.C．Positive. D．Indifferent.解析：選A觀點態(tài)度題。由文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的“warned”以及第五段的內(nèi)容可以推斷出，霍金對地球的未來持悲觀的態(tài)度，這也是他提出人類要離開地球的原因，故選A項。10．ThereasonwhyhumansmustleavetheEarthsoonisthat________.A．theEarthisunderthreatandthehumanraceisinseriousdangerB．humanshavefoundotherformsofenergytomovetoanewplanetC．a(chǎn)newandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexciteyoungpeopleD．a(chǎn)stronautshavefoundabetterworldinspacethantheEarth解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人類必須離開地球的原因是：人類處于危險之中，地球受到威脅，故選A項。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Somepeoplechoosetoliveinaflatsharingwithothers.Otherscan'timagineleavingtheirperfectflatstolivewithlotsofotherpeople.Ifyoulivealone,you'reresponsibleforyourownspace.Ifyouneedyourquietspace,you'reguaranteedtohaveit.__1__Andyoucancatchupwithworkwithoutbeinginterruptedorhavealongandundisturbedbath.However,there'snoonearoundifyouneedahelpinghand.Ifsomethinggetsbroken,you'llhavetofixityourself.__2__Youdon'thavefriendsathometoinviteyououtandhelpyoumeetpeople.There'snooneathometohaveacupofteawithandtalkabouthowyourdaywas.__3__Sometimeswhenyougethome,thecakeyourcolleaguegaveyouasathank-youpresentismysteriouslygone.Wheneveryouwantarelaxingbath,there'snohotwaterleftandsomeonewantstoeineveryfiveminutes.It'salsorarel