MarineEngineeringEnglish《輪機(jī)英語》APracticalCourseforEngineersWorkingonBoardShips

MarineElectricalSystemandAutomatizationLesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipment第28課電器設(shè)備的維修保養(yǎng)LearningObjectives:1.Graspsomeusefulwordsandexpressionsinthewholetext.2.Afterstudyingthelesson,heorshewillhaveabetterunderstandingofMaintenanceofElectricalEquipment.3

4part1

NewWordsandExpressions5part2

TextAnalysisLesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentWithalltypesofelectricalequipmentcleanlinessisessentialforgoodoperation.#保持各種電氣設(shè)備的清潔對(duì)其正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是很必要的。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentElectricalconnectionsmustbesoundandanysignsofsparkingshouldbeinvestigated.#電氣設(shè)備的連接必須檢查而任何火花的痕跡都應(yīng)該研究一下。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentPartssubjecttowearmustbeexaminedandreplacedwhennecessary.#任何部件被磨損的地方都應(yīng)該檢查，如果需要的話甚至是更換。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThedangerfromACequipmentintermsofelectricshocksisfargreaterthanforsimilarDCvoltages.#就電擊方面，交流設(shè)備的危險(xiǎn)要遠(yuǎn)大于同樣電壓的直流電。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentAlsoACequipmentoftenoperatesatvery

highvoltages.#交流設(shè)備一般也工作于高電壓。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentCaremustthereforebetakentoensureisolationofequipmentbeforeanyinspectionormaintenanceisundertaken.#因此，在著手進(jìn)行維護(hù)保養(yǎng)前，要小心確認(rèn)設(shè)備隔離。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentTheaccumulationofdirtonelectricalequipmentwillresultininsulationbreakdownandleakagecurrents,possiblyevenanearthFault.#電氣設(shè)備上的污垢聚積會(huì)導(dǎo)致絕緣破壞和漏電流，甚至可能是接地。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentMoistureoroildepositswilllikewiseaffectinsulationresistance.#潮氣和油的沉淀物同樣能影響絕緣阻值。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentRegularinsulationresistancemeasurementandthecompilingofrecordswillindicatetheequipmentrequiringattention.#定期的測量絕緣和整理記錄能表明設(shè)備需要注意（的地方）。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentVentilationpassagesorductsmaybecomeblocked,withresultantlackofcoolingandoverheating.#通風(fēng)管路和排泄管路可能堵塞，結(jié)果缺乏冷卻并過熱。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentOildepositsfromadirectcoupleddieselenginedrivinganopengenerator(usuallyDC)candamagewindingsandshouldthereforeberemovediffound.#驅(qū)動(dòng)開式發(fā)電機(jī)（通常為直流）的直接連接的柴油機(jī)來的油的沉積物可能會(huì)損壞繞組，因此，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)，應(yīng)將其清除。。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentTotallyenclosedmachinesshouldbeperiodicallyopenedforinspectionandcleaningsincecarbondustwillremaininsidethemachineanddepositonthesurfaces.#應(yīng)定期打開全封閉機(jī)器進(jìn)行檢查和清潔，因?yàn)樘級(jí)m會(huì)留在機(jī)器內(nèi)部并沉積在表面上。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentBrushgearshouldbeinspectedtoensureadequatebrushpressureandthespringsadjustedifnecessary.#碳刷機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)檢查以保證有足夠的壓力，如有必要調(diào)整彈簧的彈力。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentNewbrushesshouldbe“beddedin”

tothecommutatororslippingshapewithfineglasspaper.#新電刷應(yīng)“嵌入”換向器，或用細(xì)玻璃紙打磨。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentSparkingatthecommutatorwillindicatepoorcommutation.#換向器火花表明換向不好。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThismayrequirepolishingofaroughenedcommutatorsurface.#這可能要求粗糙的換向器表面拋光。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThemicainsulationbetweencommutatorsegmentsmayrequireundercuttingifitprotrudes,orsimplycleaningifdepositshavebuiltup.#如果換向塊之間的云母片凸出來了，可能需要下刻，或者如有沉積物堆積，簡單清潔一下。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentControlequipment,suchasstarters,willrequireattentiontocontactswhichmaybewornorpittedasaresultofarcing.#控制設(shè)備，例如啟動(dòng)器，需要注意其觸點(diǎn)，由于電弧可能被磨損或有麻點(diǎn)了。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentContactorsusuallyhaveamovingorwipingactionastheycometogether.#接觸器（觸點(diǎn)）在一起時(shí)，通常有移動(dòng)或擦拭動(dòng)作。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThishelpscleanthesurfacestoprovidegoodelectricalcontact,andalsothearcproducedduringclosingandopeningisnotatthefinallyclosedposition.#這樣有助于清潔表面，提供良好的電接觸，也能使斷開或閉合時(shí)產(chǎn)生的電弧不落在閉合位置。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThecontactorcontactsurfacesoffrequentlyusedequipmentshouldthereforebesubjecttoregularinspections.#頻繁使用的接觸器觸頭，因此應(yīng)該定期檢查。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentWhenapparatusisdismantledformaintenanceitshouldbekeptcleananddry.Porcelaininsulationshouldbeexaminedfor“cracking”.#拆卸設(shè)備進(jìn)行維護(hù)時(shí)，應(yīng)保持清潔干燥。瓷絕緣子應(yīng)被檢查是否有“裂紋”。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentIfthematerialisofthebondedlaminatedtype,examineforsplitsalongthelaminate.#如果材料為粘結(jié)層壓板類型，則檢查沿層壓板是否有分離(狀況)。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentOverheatingmaybecausedbylooseconnections,poorcontactpressure,orpooralignmentofcontacts.#過熱可能是由連接松動(dòng)、接觸壓力差或觸點(diǎn)對(duì)齊不良引起的。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentOnaircircuitbreakerstheconditionandalignmentofthecontactscanbecheckedbyremovingthearcchutestoexposethecontactassembly.#在空氣斷路器上，可通過拆除電弧滑槽以露出觸點(diǎn)組件來檢查觸點(diǎn)的狀況和對(duì)齊情況。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThisinspectionshouldbemadeannuallyandthemechanismshouldbelubricatedatthesametime.#該檢查應(yīng)每年進(jìn)行一次，同時(shí)對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行潤滑。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentCoppercontactsmaybedressedbyusingafinefileorfineglasspaper.Silverorsilverplatedcontactsseldomrequireattention.#銅觸點(diǎn)可使用細(xì)銼刀或細(xì)玻璃紙進(jìn)行修整。銀或鍍銀觸點(diǎn)很少需要注意。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentTheirblackappearanceisduetooxidationbuttheoxideisgoodconductor.Ifcleaningisrequiredmetalpolishmaybeused.#它們的黑色外觀是由于氧化，但氧化物是好的導(dǎo)體。如果需要清潔，可使用金屬拋光。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentAslightsmearofpetroleumjelly,particularlyoncontacts,whicharefrequentlyoperated,helpsnotonlytopreservegoodcontactbutalsoreducesmechanicalabrasion.#輕微涂抹凡士林，尤其是在頻繁操作的觸點(diǎn)上，不僅有助于保持良好的接觸，還可減少機(jī)械磨損。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentExcessiveapplicationmustbeavoidedasthismaycauseburningandpittingofcontacts.#必須避免過度應(yīng)用，因?yàn)檫@可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致觸點(diǎn)燒損和點(diǎn)蝕。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentOillevelindashpotshouldbechecked.Particularcareshouldbe

taken,whentoppingup,tousethecorrectgradeofoilasproperfunctionoftheswitchgearsentirelydependentonthis.#應(yīng)檢查緩沖器中的油位。應(yīng)特別注意，補(bǔ)足時(shí)，使用正確等級(jí)的油，因?yàn)殚_關(guān)設(shè)備的正常功能完全取決于此。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentWhenevertheopportunityoccursdirect-actingovercurrenttripsandrelaysshouldbetestedbycurrentinjection.#無論何時(shí)，機(jī)會(huì)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，直接動(dòng)作的過電流脫扣器和繼電器應(yīng)通過電流注入測試。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentInjectingtestingisperformedtoverifynotonlyoperationbutalsothetimecurrentcharacteristics.Thisshouldbecomparedwiththemanufacturer'soperationcurves.#執(zhí)行注入測試不僅驗(yàn)證操作，而且驗(yàn)證時(shí)間-電流特性。這應(yīng)與制造商的運(yùn)行曲線進(jìn)行比較。part3

Exercise&ExaminationWhichofthefollowingrepresentstheacceptedmethodofcleaningdustandforeignparticlesfromelectricalequipmentwhilelimitingdamagetoelectriccomponents?A.Carefullywipingoffthecomponentswithasoftcottonrag.B.Blowingahighvelocitystreamofcompressedairrapidlyacrossthecomponents.C.Usingavacuumcleanertoremovedebrisfromthecomponents.D.Usingcarbontetrachlorideasacleaningsolventtocleanthecomponents.Cleaningofelectricalinsulationshouldbe_____.A.doneeverysixmonthsB.accomplishedevery12monthsC.determinedbyneedandnotthecalendarD.performedwhenevertheelectricianisnototherwisebusyDuringmaintenanceofcircuitbreakers,_____.A.alwayssmoothroughenedcontactsurfaceswithafileB.neverpassmorethanratedbreakercurrentthrou