專(zhuān)題02閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文）

1.（2024屆?廣西玉林一模）

TariqQaiser,anarchitect,istryingtoprotectmangroves（紅樹(shù)林）.ThetreescouldsavePakistan'slargestcity

Karachi,sittingontheArabianSea,fromnaturaldisaster.HecomestoBundalIslandseveraltimesaweekto

documenttheillegalcuttingofmangrovetrees.Veryoften,46Youcan'thearasinglebirdbecausethechainsawsare

soloud.Thetreesarecutdownillegallyforfirewood,9,hesays,shakinghishead.Besides,developersclearthe

mangrovestomakeroomforconstruction.

Karachihasahotclimate,anditsconcretebuildingsandpavedroadsmakeitevenhotter.Offshore,thereare

islandswheremangrovesgrow.Theycouldbethekeytoslowingclimatechange.Mangroveforestspullcarbon

dioxideoutoftheair,holdingfourtimesasmuchoftheplanet-warminggasasotherforestscan.Theysupport

diverseecosystems.Assealevelsrisewithglobalwarming,thetreescouldplayabigroleinprotectingcoastal

citieslikeKarachifromflooding.Karachi?smangrovesaredisappearing.Butitsnumbersarerisinginotherpartsof

Pakistan.Withreplantingefforts,thecountryhastripled（三倍于）itsmangrovecoverageoverthepast30years.

Qaiser'sworkmayhaveworked.Recently,acourtinKarachideclaredBundalIsland'smangrovestobe

protectedforests.Butunforestedpartsoftheislandremainunprotected,anddeveloperswanttobuildthere.City

officialssaythiscouldprovidemuch-neededhousingandbringinbillionsofdollars.Theyclaimthatsomeofthat

moneycouldbeusedtoplantmangrovesinotherpartsofPakistan.

EcologistRafiulHaqappreciatesQaiser's"extraordinarywork“educatingthepublicaboutmangroves.Buthe

wishesQaiserwouldlookatthebiggerpicture.""Only7%ofPakistan'smangrovesareinKarachi,Haqsays.He

thinksifswrongtofbcusonthelossesin7%ofthecountrywhileignoringthesuccessin93%ofit.ButQaiser

believesit'simportanttoprotecteverybit.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutKarachi5smangroves?

A.Theyoccupythebuildingland.B.They'rehometovariousbirds.

C.They'reprimarilybeingusedasfirewood.D.Theyprotectthecityfromclimatecatastrophe.

2.Whyareeffortsmadetoconservethemangrovetrees?

A.Theirbirthplacesmeetcrisis.B.Theyboasthugediversity.

C.Theirbondswithnatureareclose.D.Theygrowatarapidspeed.

3.WhatdoestheKarachigovernmentplantodo?

A.Growmangrovesinotherareas.B.Destroybuildingstogrowmangroves.

C.Buildmoremangrovereserves.D.Usemangrovestomakeprofit.

4.WhatdoesHaqthinkofQaiser5sworkonKarachi5smangroves?

A.Challenging.B.Effective.C.Insignificant.D.Partial.

【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了對(duì)巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇紅樹(shù)林的保護(hù)措施。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"ThetreescouldsavePakistan'slargestcityKarachi,sittingontheArabianSea,from

naturaldisaster.（這些樹(shù)木可以使位于阿拉伯海的巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇免遭自然災(zāi)害。）”可知，它們保護(hù)

城市免受氣候?yàn)?zāi)難。故選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Offshore,thereareislandswheremangrovesgrow.Theycouldbethekeytoslowing

climatechange.Mangroveforestspullcarbondioxideoutoftheair,holdingfourtimesasmuchofthe

planet-warminggasasotherforestscan.Theysupportdiverseecosystems.Assealevelsrisewithglobalwarming,

thetreescouldplayabigroleinprotectingcoastalcitieslikeKarachifromflooding.（在近海，有紅樹(shù)林生長(zhǎng)的島

嶼。它們可能是減緩氣候變化的關(guān)鍵。紅樹(shù)林從空氣中吸收二氧化碳，其吸收的溫室氣體是其他森林的四

倍。它們支持不同的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。隨著全球變暖導(dǎo)致海平面上升，這些樹(shù)木可以在保護(hù)卡拉奇等沿海城市免

受洪水侵襲方面發(fā)揮重要作用。廠(chǎng)由此判斷，紅樹(shù)林科院減緩氣候變化，且能吸收很多的二氧化碳，在很多

方面保護(hù)著城市，故保護(hù)紅樹(shù)林是因?yàn)樗鼈兣c自然的緊密聯(lián)系。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句"Cityofficialssaythiscouldprovidemuch-neededhousingandbringin

billionsofdollars.TheyclaimthatsomeofthatmoneycouldbeusedtoplantmangrovesinotherpartsofPakistan.

（市政府官員表示，這可以提供急需的住房，并帶來(lái)數(shù)十億美元的收入。他們聲稱(chēng)，其中一些錢(qián)可以用來(lái)在

巴基斯坦其他地區(qū)種植紅樹(shù)林。）”可知，政府官員會(huì)在其他的地方種植紅樹(shù)林。故選A。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“"Only7%ofPakistanimangrovesareinKarachi,Haqsays.Hethinksifswrong

tofocusonthelossesin7%ofthecountrywhileignoringthesuccessin93%ofit.ButQaiserbelievesit's

importanttoprotecteverybit.（Haq說(shuō)：“巴基斯坦只有7%的紅樹(shù)林在卡拉奇?！彼J(rèn)為關(guān)注全國(guó)7%的損失而

忽視93%的成功是錯(cuò)誤的。但是Qaiser認(rèn)為保護(hù)每一處都很重要。戶(hù)可知，H叫認(rèn)為不能只關(guān)注到失敗的

而不關(guān)注成功的方面，但Qaiser認(rèn)為就算是再小的區(qū)域都要兼顧到，因此H叫認(rèn)為Qaiser對(duì)于卡拉奇紅樹(shù)

林工作成果的想法的認(rèn)識(shí)是片面的，不全面的。故選D。

2.（2024屆?廣西玉林一模）

It'swell-knownthathumorcanbenefitusbothphysicallyandmentally.Theideathatlaughteristhebest

medicinehasbeenaroundsinceancienttimes.Inhis1905book,JokesandTheirRelationtotheUnconscious,

SigmundFreudarguedthathumoristhehighestofthepsyche9sdefensemechanism（機(jī)制），capableofturning

anxietyintopleasure.

Therearefourhumorstyles.Affiliativehumorreferstojokesaboutthingsthatmightbecommonlyconsidered

funny,whichisusuallyemployedtoimproverelationshipsormakeotherslaugh.Ifyou'veeversharedafunny

picturewithacoworker,you'veusedaffiliativehumor.Self^enhancinghumorinvolvesbeingabletolaughat

yourself,oftenusedasawayforyoutodealwithstressordifficultiesandfeelbetterasaresult.Aggressivehumor

islaughingattheexpenseofothers,whichofteninvolvessarcasm（諷刺），teasing,andcriticism.Self-defeating

humoristheartofputtingyourselfdowntogainfavorfromyourpeers,whichispossiblyusedbysomeonewho's

targetedbybullies.

Eachstyleofhumoractuallycarriesadifferentinfluence,whenitcomestomentalhealth.JulieAitken

Schermer,apsychologicalresearcheratTheUniversityofWesternOntario,sayspeopleusingself-enhancing

humorarelesslikelytoshowsignsoflonelinessandpoorrelationshipswithothers.Bycontrast,bothaggressive

andself-defeatinghumorstylescanhintattrouble.t6Wefindthatself-defeatinghumoristhemostconcerningstyle

asitisalsolinkedwithlonelinessandfeelingsofnotmattering.Thosewithanaggressivehumorstylemaynot

experiencelonelinessasmuch,however,sincetheyrelyongroupdynamics（群體動(dòng)力）inordertomakefunof

theirpeers,9,saysSchermer.

Evenifyoutendtofavormorenegativehumorstyles,there?snoreasontoloseheart.Schermersayspeople

candevelopapositive,self-enhancinghumorstylebyconcentratingonthelighterandmorehumorousaspectsof

life.AsauthorKurtVonnegutoncewrote,"'Laughterandtearsarebothresponsestoworriesandanxieties.Iprefer

tolaugh,sincethereislesscleaninguptodoafterward.^^

5.WhyisSigmundFreud'sbookmentionedinParagraph1?

A.Toshowtheimportanceofmentalhealth.B.Tostresstheroleofhumor.

C.Topersuadepeopletostaypositive.D.Tointroduceancientjokestous.

6.Accordingtothetext,whichkindofhumormayyouusetorelievepressure?

A.Affiliativehumor.B.Self-enhancinghumor.

C.Aggressivehumor.D.Self-defeatinghumor.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hintat“probablymeaninthethirdparagraph?

A.Signal.B.Explain.C.Prevent.D.Solve.

8.WhichofthefollowingwillKurtVonnegutprobablyagreewith?

A.Humorisdifficulttocontrol.B.Cryingisagoodwayofrelief.

C.Humorisadouble-edgedsword.D.Laughteristhebestcureforstress.

【答案】5.B6.B7.A8.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)一本書(shū)----JokesandTheirRelationtotheUnconscious,介紹了四種不

同的幽默類(lèi)型。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第——段well-knownthathumorcanbenefitusbothphysicallyandmentally.Theideathat

laughteristhebestmedicinehasbeenaroundsinceancienttimes.Inhis1905book,JokesandTheirRelationtothe

Unconscious,SigmundFreudarguedthathumoristhehighestofthepsyche?sdefensemechanism（機(jī)制），capable

ofturninganxietyintopleasure.（眾所周知，幽默對(duì)我們的身心都有好處。笑是最好的良藥這一觀點(diǎn)自古以來(lái)

就存在。西格蒙德?弗洛伊德在他1905年出版的《笑話(huà)及其與無(wú)意識(shí)的關(guān)系》一書(shū)中認(rèn)為，幽默是心靈的最

高防御機(jī)制，能夠?qū)⒔箲]轉(zhuǎn)化為快樂(lè)）”可知，第一段提到這本書(shū)是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)幽默的作用。故選B。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理角軍題。根據(jù)第二段“Sel「enhancinghumorinvolvesbeingabletolaughatyourself,oftenusedasaway

foryoutodealwithstressordifficultiesandfeelbetterasaresult.（自我提升的幽默包括能夠自嘲，通常是你處理

壓力或困難的一種方式，結(jié)果感覺(jué)更好）”可知，用于緩解壓力的是自我提升式幽默，故選B。

7.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞上文“JulieAitkenSchermer,apsychologicalresearcheratTheUniversityofWestern

Ontario,sayspeopleusingself-enhancinghumorarelesslikelytoshowsignsoflonelinessandpoorrelationships

withothers.（西安大略大學(xué)的心理學(xué)研究員JulieAitkenSchermer說(shuō)，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表現(xiàn)

出孤獨(dú)和與他人關(guān)系不佳的跡象）”以及"Bycontrast,bothaggressiveandself-defeatinghumorstyles”可知，使用

自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表現(xiàn)出孤獨(dú)和與他人關(guān)系不好的跡象。相比之下，攻擊性和自我挫敗的幽默

風(fēng)格都可能暗示出麻煩，故劃線(xiàn)詞意思是“暗示”。故選A。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Laughterandtearsarebothresponsestoworriesandanxieties.Iprefertolaugh,since

thereislesscleaninguptodoafterward」笑和哭都是對(duì)擔(dān)心和焦慮的反應(yīng)。我更喜歡笑，因?yàn)樾ν曛笠龅?/p>

清理工作少了）”可知，KurtVonnegut更喜歡笑，可得出他可能同意“笑是治療壓力的最好方法”這一觀點(diǎn)。故

選D。

3.（2024屆?廣西北海一模）

ConstructionofProjectNexusisscheduledtobecompletedbytheendof2023.The5-megawattprojectwill

consistofthreesitesalongcanalsincentralCaliforniawithwidthsrangingfrom20feetto100feet.

Ifthepilotprojectprovessolarcanopies（檐篷）areacost-effectivewaytoproducecleanenergyandsave

water,scoresofsimilarinstallationscouldbebuiltatopCalifornia^canalnetwork-oneoftheworld'slargestwater

distributionsystems.

“Thisisareallyexcitingproject,9,CaliforniaNaturalResourcesSecretaryWadeCrowfootsaidlastmonth.4tIt

connectsoureffortsinCaliforniatoimprovewaterconservationandbuilddroughtresilience（抗旱能力）withthe

cleanenergytransitionwe*redrivingacrossCalifomia.^^

ProjectNexuswasinspiredbya2021studybyUniversityofCaliforniaresearchersthatwaspublishedinthe

journalNatureSustainability.Typically,l%to2%ofthewaterthatcirculatesthroughCalifornia'scanals

evaporates（蒸發(fā)），anumberthatisexpectedtoincreaseduetotheclimatecrisis.

Usingdatafromsatellites,climatemodels,andautomatedweatherstations,thepeer-reviewedstudyestimated

thatcoveringalloftheapproximately4,000milesofCalifornia^canalscouldextremelyreduceevaporation,

saving63billiongallonsofwaterannually-comparabletotheamountofwaterrequiredtoirrigate50,000acres

offarmlandormeetthewaterneedsofmorethan2millionpeople.

GovernorGavinNewsonhasallocatedadditionalfundstohelplocalcommunitiescopewithwaterscarcity

andencourageCalifornianstouselesswater.'"Researchandcommonsensetellusthatinanageofintensifying

drought,ifstimetoputalidonevaporation,saidJordanHarris,CEOofSolarAquaGrid,thecompanythatis

buildingthesolarcanopies.

Thestudyfoundsolarcanalswouldbeabletogenerate13gigawattsofcleanpower,equaltoapproximately

one-sixthofthestate'scurrentinstalledsolarcapacity.ThisadditionalgenerationcouldhelpCaliforniaachieveits

goalofsupplyingatleast60%ofitselectricityfromrenewablesourcesby2030and100%by2045.

9.WhatisthepurposeofProjectNexus?

A.ToenlargethecanalnetworkthroughoutCalifornia.

B.Toimprovethequalityofwaterusedbylocalpeople.

C.ToproduceasmuchpoweraspossibleforCalifornia.

D.TohelppreserveCalifornia'sdecliningwaterresources.

10.WheredidtheinspirationofProjectNexuscomefrom?

A.Astudypublishedinamagazine.B.Acleanwaterdistributionsystem.

C.Apeer-reviewedstudyevaluation.D.Asuddenthoughtoftheresearchers.

11.HowdoestheauthorshowthebenefitbroughtbyProjectNexus?

A.Bymakingacomparison.B.Bylistingscientificdata.

C.Byclarifyingtheprocess.D.Byexplainingthereasons.

12.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Climatechangehasagreateffectonthewaterconservation.

B.LargeamountsofcleanwaterwereproducedbyProjectNexus.

C.ProjectNexusisthefirst-eversolarpaneldevelopmentintheworld.

D.Californios"solarcanals“willsavewaterandproducecleanenergy.

【答案】9.D10.A11.B12.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了節(jié)約用水并生產(chǎn)清潔能源的加州“太陽(yáng)能運(yùn)河”項(xiàng)目。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifthepilotprojectprovessolarcanopies（檐篷）areacost-effectivewaytoproduce

cleanenergyandsavewater,scoresofsimilarinstallationscouldbebuiltatopCalifornia^canalnetwork-oneofthe

world'slargestwaterdistributionsystems.（如果這個(gè)試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目證明太陽(yáng)能頂篷是一種生產(chǎn)清潔能源和節(jié)約用水

的經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的方式，那么許多類(lèi)似的裝置將被建在加利福尼亞的運(yùn)河網(wǎng)絡(luò)上——世界上最大的供水系統(tǒng)之

一。廠(chǎng)可知，Nexus項(xiàng)目的目的是幫助保護(hù)加州日益減少的水資源。故選D項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ProjectNexuswasinspiredbya2021studybyUniversityofCalifornia

researchersthatwaspublishedinthejournalNatureSustainability.（Nexus項(xiàng)目的靈感來(lái)自加州大學(xué)研究人員

2021年發(fā)表在《自然可持續(xù)發(fā)展》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究。戶(hù)可知，Nexus項(xiàng)目的靈感來(lái)自發(fā)表在雜志上的一項(xiàng)

研究。故選A項(xiàng)。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Usingdatafromsatellites,climatemodels,andautomatedweatherstations,the

peer-reviewedstudyestimatedthatcoveringalloftheapproximately4,000milesofCalifornia'scanalscould

extremelyreduceevaporation,saving63billiongallonsofwaterannually-comparabletotheamountofwater

requiredtoirrigate50,000acresoffarmlandormeetthewaterneedsofmorethan2millionpeople.（利用衛(wèi)星、氣

候模型和自動(dòng)氣象站的數(shù)據(jù)，同行評(píng)議的研究估計(jì)，覆蓋加州所有大約4000英里的運(yùn)河可以極大地減少蒸

發(fā)，每年節(jié)省630億加侖的水——相當(dāng)于灌溉5萬(wàn)英畝農(nóng)田或滿(mǎn)足200多萬(wàn)人的用水需求。戶(hù)可知，作者列

舉科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)展示Nexus項(xiàng)目帶來(lái)的好處。故選B項(xiàng)。

12.主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段“Ifthepilotprojectprovessolarcanopies（檐篷）areacost-effectiveway

toproducecleanenergyandsavewater,scoresofsimilarinstallationscouldbebuiltatopCalifornia^canal

network-oneoftheworld'slargestwaterdistributionsystems.（如果這個(gè)試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目證明太陽(yáng)能檐篷是一種生產(chǎn)清

潔能源和節(jié)約用水的經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的方式，那么許多類(lèi)似的裝置將被建在加利福尼亞的運(yùn)河網(wǎng)絡(luò)上——世界上

最大的供水系統(tǒng)之一。）”等內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了節(jié)約用水并生產(chǎn)清潔能源的加州“太陽(yáng)能運(yùn)河”項(xiàng)目。

故選D項(xiàng)。

4.（2024屆?甘肅白銀一模）

Denmarkretiredafterpracticingmedicinefor73yearsandthenvolunteeredherservicesuntilshecouldn't

anymore.Shediedattheageof114.

Imetherbyphonewhenthepediatrician（JL科醫(yī)生）couldn'tfigureoutwhatwaswrongwithmybaby.On

thephone,shetalkedwithmeformorethan30minutes.Itookheradvice,andmybabywasbetterabout10days

later.Sheneverchargedme.

“Youkeepondoingwhatyoudobestaslongasyoucan,^^shewasfamousforthewords.Anditturnedouther

adviceaboutactivelyhelpingotherswasasgoodashermedicaladvice.

Obviously,wecan'tallliveaslongasDr.Denmark.Butrecentresearchhasshownthatvolunteeringprovides

alongevityboostsimilartotheeffectsofaddingmultipleservingsoffruitsandvegetablestoyourdailydiet.

Specifically,olderadultswhovolunteerareat24percentlessriskofearlydeath.Thepositiveimpactofgivingand

volunteeringonolderpeoplegoesbeyondthat.Accordingtotheresearch,adultsover55whogivetheirtimefor

othershaveaneasiertimewitheverydaytasks.Besides,volunteersexperience250percentlesscognitivedecline

leadingtodementia（癡呆）.

AccordingtoanewstudyintheJournalofHappinessStudies,peoplewhovolunteerreporthigherlevelsof

happinessandlifesatisfaction.Thestudytookitasecondstepandfollowedpeoplewhobegan

volunteering-monitoringtheirresponsesfromthetimetheystartedvolunteering.Thelongertheyvolunteeredand

themoretheyvolunteered,thegreaterlevelofhappinesstheyreported.

Youmayalreadybevolunteeringyourtime.Butifyou'renot,considerthecharitiesyousupport.Thinkabout

theskillsyoumightbeabletoofferthem.Youarelikelytobegladaboutwhatyoudo.

13.WhatcanweinferaboutDenmark?

A.Sheretiredattheageof73.B.Shevolunteeredfor73years.

C.Shewaspatientandprofessional.D.Sheonceforgettochargetheauthor.

14.Howmanybenefitsofvolunteeringarementionedinparagraph4?

A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.

15.Whatdoestheauthortrytodointhelastparagraph?

A.Seeksupport.B.Adviseaboutsharpeningskills.

C.Offersolutions.D.Encouragepeopletovolunteer.

16.Whafsthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thekindnessofadoctor.B.Thebenefitsofvolunteering.

C.Theprocessofbeingavolunteer.D.Thestruggleofchild-raising.

【答案】13.C14.C15.D16.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章敘述了“志愿服務(wù)的好處”，同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)人們做志愿者。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Denmarkretiredafterpracticingmedicinefor73yearsandthenvolunteeredher

servicesuntilshecouldn'tanymore.^^（丹麥在行醫(yī)73年后退休，然后自愿服務(wù)，直到她不能再做了。）可知，

關(guān)于丹麥我們可以推斷出她既耐心又專(zhuān)業(yè)。故選C。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“volunteeringprovidesalongevityboostsimilartotheeffectsofaddingmultiple

servingsoffruitsandvegetablestoyourdailydiet.Specifically,olderadultswhovolunteerareat24percentless

riskofearlydeath.Thepositiveimpactofgivingandvolunteeringonolderpeoplegoesbeyondthat.Accordingto

theresearch,adultsover55whogivetheirtimeforothershaveaneasiertimewitheverydaytasks.Besides,

volunteersexperience250percentlesscognitivedeclineleadingtodementia（癡呆）（志愿月艮務(wù)可以延長(zhǎng)壽命，

就像在日常飲食中添加多種水果和蔬菜一樣。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，做志愿者的老年人早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了24%。給予

和志愿服務(wù)對(duì)老年人的積極影響遠(yuǎn)不止于此。根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，55歲以上的成年人把時(shí)間花在了別人身上，

他們?cè)谔幚砣粘Ｈ蝿?wù)時(shí)更容易。此外，志愿者的認(rèn)知能力下降導(dǎo)致癡呆的幾率減少了250%。）可知，第4

段提到了志愿服務(wù)的3個(gè)好處。故選C。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Youmayalreadybevolunteeringyourtime.Butifyou'renot,considerthe

charitiesyousupport.Thinkabouttheskillsyoumightbeabletoofferthem.Youarelikelytobegladaboutwhat

youdo."（你可能已經(jīng)在做義工了。但如果你不是，考慮一下你支持的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。想想你能給他們提供什么

技能。你可能會(huì)為你所做的感到高興。）可知，作者在最后一段試圖鼓勵(lì)人們做志愿者。故選D。

16.主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“AccordingtoanewstudyintheJournalofHappinessStudies,peoplewho

volunteerreporthigherlevelsofhappinessandlifbsatisfaction.”（根據(jù)《幸福研究雜志》上的一項(xiàng)新研究，志愿

者的幸福感和生活滿(mǎn)意度更高。）和最后一段，Youmayalreadybevolunteeringyourtime.Butifyou5renot,

considerthecharitiesyousupport.Thinkabouttheskillsyoumightbeabletoofferthem.Youarelikelytobeglad

aboutwhatyoudo."（你可能已經(jīng)在做義工了。但如果你不是，考慮一下你支持的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。想想你能給他

們提供什么技能。你可能會(huì)為你所做的感到高興。）可知，這篇文章主要講了“志愿服務(wù)的好處?！惫蔬xB。

5.（2024屆?甘肅白銀一模）

ChinahasbuiltinKunmingCity,YunnanProvince,theGermplasm（種質(zhì)）BankofWildSpecies,a

comprehensivenationaldatabaseforthecollectionandpreservationofwildlifegermplasmresources.Asoftheend

of2020,thebankpreserved85,046copiesof10,601wildplantseedsforprotectingwildlifegermplasmresources.

Preservingdriedandfrozenseeds,thebankprovidestechnologicalsupportfortheprotectionandresearch,makes

useofChina'swildlifegermplasmresources,andplaysamajorpartininternationalbiodiversityconservation.

Theimportanceofscienceandtechnologyforbiodiversityconservationisincreasinglyobvious.Whenremote

sensormonitoringwasnotavailable,agriculturaltechnicianshadnochoicebuttogoforfieldstudies,whichcould

barelymeettheneedforlarge-scale,fastandnondestructive（非破壞性的）monitoringofcropconditionsand

timelypreventionandcontrolofdiseasesandpests.Nowadays,remotesensormonitoringhasbeenappliedin

agriculturalproductioninChina,allowingagriculturaltechnicianstoanalyzethemovementsofinsectpestsand

evaluateplantdiseasesandinsectpestsbymonitoringremotelythevegetationgrowth,coverage,surface

temperature,humidityandotherindicators.

IntheInternetera,informationtechnologyhasmadetheprocessingofmassivedatapossibleandcreatedwider

andmoreconvenientplatformsforbiodiversityconservationinChina,includingChineseVirtualHerbarium,Plant

PhotoBankofChina,andNationalAnimalCollectionResourceCenter.Theemergenceofdatabasesanddigital

programsinrecentyearsisdrivingChinatoturnarounditsseriouslythreatenedbiodiversity.

Fromthecollectionandstorageofinformationtothemanagementandanalysisofresources,theconstantly

improvingbiodiversityinformationnetworkhasrealizedtheexplorationanduseofmassivebiodiversitydata,

providingasolidfoundationforChina'sbiodiversityconservationandresearch.Biodiversityconservationand

scienceandtechnologyareinextricable.Onlybymakingscienceandtechnologyastrongsupportforbiodiversity

conservationcanhumankindguardtheEarthandbuildabeautifulworldofharmonyamongallbeingsonthe

planet.

17.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebankfromparagraph1?

A.Itscrisis.B.Itsadministration.C.Itsrole.D.Itsstaff.

18.Whatdoresearchershardlyneedtodowiththehelpofremotesensormonitoring?

A.Evaluateplantdiseasesandinsectpests.

B.Gotofieldstocontroltheplantdiseases.

C.Analyzethetracksofthepestsofplants.

D.Satisfytheneedtomonitorcropconditions.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inextricable“inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Linked.B.Competitive.C.Inadequate.D.Inessential.

20.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheGermplasmBankofWildSpeciesDevelopsFast

B.TechnologiesPromoteChineseBiodiversityProtection

C.ChinaHasMadeGreatEffortstoProcessMassiveData

D.InformationTechnologyContributesMuchtoManyFields

【答案】17.C18.B19.A20.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了科技在保護(hù)生物多樣性中的重要性。

17.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"ChinahasbuiltinKunmingCity,YunnanProvince,theGermplasm（種質(zhì)）Bankof

WildSpecies,acomprehensivenationaldatabaseforthecollectionandpreservationofwildlifegermplasm

resources.Asoftheendof2020,thebankpreserved85,046copiesof10,601wildplantseedsforprotecting

wildlifegermplasmresources.Preservingdriedandfrozenseeds,thebankprovidestechnologicalsupportforthe

protectionandresearch,makesuseofChina?swildlifegermplasmresources,andplaysamajorpartininternational

biodiversityconservation.”（中國(guó)在云南省昆明市建立了野生物種種質(zhì)資源庫(kù)，這是一個(gè)綜合性的國(guó)家野生動(dòng)

物種質(zhì)資源收集和保存數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。截至2020年底，野生植物種子庫(kù)共保存10601種野生植物種子85046份，

保護(hù)野生植物種質(zhì)資源。種子庫(kù)保存干燥和冷凍種子，為保護(hù)和研究提供技術(shù)支持，充分利用中國(guó)野生生

物種質(zhì)資源，在國(guó)際生物多樣性保護(hù)中發(fā)揮重要作用。）可知，第一段主要介紹了野生物種種質(zhì)資源庫(kù)在保

護(hù)生物多樣性方面發(fā)揮的作用，也就是資源庫(kù)所扮演的角色。故選C項(xiàng)。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenremotesensormonitoringwasnotavailable,agriculturaltechnicianshadno

choicebuttogoforfieldstudies,whichcouldbarelymeettheneedforlarge-scale,fastandnondestructive（非破壞

性的）monitoringofcropconditionsandtimelypreventionandcontrolofdiseasesandpests.“（在沒(méi)有遙感監(jiān)測(cè)的

情況下，農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人員只能進(jìn)行實(shí)地考察，難以滿(mǎn)足大規(guī)模、快速、無(wú)損地監(jiān)測(cè)作物狀況和及時(shí)防治病蟲(chóng)

害的需要。）可知，在沒(méi)有遙感監(jiān)測(cè)的情況下，研究人員需要進(jìn)行實(shí)地考察；再根據(jù)"Nowadays,remotesensor

monitoringhasbeenappliedinagriculturalproductioninChina,allowingagriculturaltechnicianstoanalyzethe

movementsofinsectpestsandevaluateplantdiseasesandinsectpestsbymonitoringremotelythevegetation

growth,coverage,surfacetemperature,humidityandotherindicators."（如今，遙感監(jiān)測(cè)已經(jīng)在中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中

得到了應(yīng)用，農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人員通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)植被生長(zhǎng)、覆蓋度、地表溫度、濕度等指標(biāo)，分析病蟲(chóng)害的動(dòng)態(tài)，

評(píng)價(jià)病蟲(chóng)害。）可知，在遙感監(jiān)測(cè)的幫助下，研究人員可以通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控的方式查看植被的生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)，可推

斷有了遙感監(jiān)測(cè)，研究人員幾乎不需要進(jìn)行實(shí)地考察了。故選B項(xiàng)。

19.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后——段"Fromthecollectionandstorageofinformationtothemanagementandanalysisof

resources,theconstantlyimprovingbiodiversityinformationnetworkhasrealizedtheexplorationanduseof

massivebiodiversitydata,providingasolidfoundationforChina'sbiodiversityconservationandresearch.“（從信息、

的收集和存儲(chǔ)到資源的管理和分析，不斷完善的生物多樣性信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)海量生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)的挖掘

和利用，為中國(guó)生物多樣性保護(hù)和研究提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。）可知，科技為生物多樣性的保護(hù)提供了重要支

持，兩者息息相關(guān)的，可推斷“Biodiversityconservationandscienceandtechnologyareinextricable.”（生物多樣

性保護(hù)與科技是inextricableo）中的inextricable意為“息息相關(guān)的，密切相關(guān)的“，與linked表達(dá)的含義一致。

故選A項(xiàng)。

20.主旨大意題。觀察文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，文章先通過(guò)對(duì)野生物種種質(zhì)資源庫(kù)的介紹，說(shuō)明了技術(shù)支持對(duì)該資

源庫(kù)的作用，從而引出了科技在生物多樣性保護(hù)中的作用；接下來(lái)第二段和第三段分段進(jìn)一步詳細(xì)闡述了

科技在生物多樣性保護(hù)中發(fā)揮的作用，最后一段進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納，強(qiáng)調(diào)了生物多樣性保護(hù)和科技是密不可分

的，由此可知文章是圍繞科技對(duì)于生物多樣性保護(hù)的作用而展開(kāi)的，所以B選項(xiàng)“科技促進(jìn)中國(guó)生物多樣性

保護(hù)”概括了文章內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。

6.（2024屆?甘肅張掖一模）

Therewasatimewhenthesolarindustrywasconsidereddeadmoney.Itwastooexpensive,tooinefficient,

andtooinconsistenttobeagoodalternativeenergysourceforanything,letaloneyourhomeoroffice.

Butthosedaysarelonggone.Today,solarenergyrepresentsthefutureofourplanefsenergyneedsbecause

ifscheap,efficient,consistent,andmostimportantly,clean.

Solarenergycostshavedroppedbymorethan70%overthepast10years,andsolarenergyisnowcheaper

thanfossilfuelsinmostpartsoftheUnitedStates.Letthatsinkinforamoment.

Betteryet,thedriversofthesecostdeclines-economiesofscaleandtechnologicalimprovementspoweredby

Moore9sLawandWright'sLaw-arelasting,andtherefore,solarenergyisgoingtogetevencheaper.Indeed,these

forcesaresopowerfulinthesolarindustrythattheyhavetheirownlaw-Swanson'sLaw-whichstatesthattheprice

ofsolarmodules（組件）decreasesbyabout20%foreverydoublinginglobalsolarcapacity.

Forwhatit'sworth,theUSDepartmentofEnergybelievessolarcostscanandwillfallbyanother60%in

2030.So,solarenergyisthecheapestwaytopowerthingstoday.

Meanwhile,solarpanelshavebecomeveryefficientatturninglightfromthesunintousableenergy.Backin

1992,researchersattheUniversityofSouthFloridacreatedathin-filmsolarcellwith15.9%efficiency——andthat

wasconsideredabreakthroughatthetime.Thesedays,though,youraveragesilicon（硅）solarcellssportefficiency

ratesabove20%.Thafsstandard.Andmanufacturershavecreatedprototypes（原型機(jī)）thataregetting30%

efficiency,whilesomeresearcheffortshaveevenmanagedtoachievenear50%efficiencyincertainlabtests.

Atthesametime,thesesolarsystemshavebecomedramaticallymoreconsistent.Oneofthebiggest

disadvantagesforsolarenergyintheearly2000swasitsintermittency（間歇'性）一thesundoesn'tshineeveryday,

sowhatdoyoudowhenifscloudy?Well,thafswhybigbatteriesexist.

21.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?

A.Theworldwidepopularityofsolarenergy.

B.Therapidincreaseinglobalsolarcapacity.