PAGE1-課時提能練(六)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·昆明質(zhì)量檢測)Batsaretheonlymammals(哺乳動物)thatcanflyalongdistance，buttheyhaveanotherability.Manybatsliveaverylongtimeforananimaloftheirsize.Europeanresearchersarestudyingbatstounderstandwhytheylivesolong.Theyhopetomakediscoveriesaimedatfightingtheagingprocessinhumanbeings.Lastweek，thegroupofscientistssaidtheyhaddiscoveredimportantbiologicalqualitiesinsomebatspecies.Thegroupstudiedbatchromosomes(染色體)．Thescientistsweremostinterestedinstructuresconnectedtotheendsofthechromosomes.Theyarecalledtelomeres(端粒)，whichshorteneachtimeacelldivides.Thescientistsbelievethisshorteningprocesscausescellstobreakdown.Theysaythisiswhatcausesaging.TheEuropeanresearchersstudied493batsfromfourbatspecies.Thegroupusedinformationthathadbeengatheredovermorethan60years.Oftheseanimals，thegreatermouse-earedbatgenerallylivedanaverageof37years.Thescientistssaidithadtelomeresthatdidnotshortenwithage.AnotherMyotisholdtherecordforoldestage，reaching41years.Thescientists'findingssuggestthatthesebats'cellshavetheabilitytokeepandrepairtheirtelomeres.This，theysaid，helpsguardagainsttheagingprocess.Basedonitsbodysize，abatlikethegreatermouse-earedbatwouldbeexpectedtolivefouryears.But，thesemammalshavebeenfoundtolivenearly10timeslongerthanthat.Thescientistsfoundthatonly19speciesofmammalslivelongerthanhumanswhentheirbodysizeisconsidered.18ofthesearebats.TheonlyexceptionisanunusualAfricanrat.【語篇解讀】該文是一篇探討性試驗報告。歐洲探討人員通過探討蝙蝠來了解它們長壽的緣由。1．Whatdecidesbats'agingprocessaccordingtothetext?A．Thelengthoftelomeres.B．Thebodysizeofthebat.C．Thetypesofchromosomes.D．Thebuildingofcells.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thescientistsweremostinterestedinstructuresconnectedtotheendsofthechromosomes.Theyarecalledtelomeres(端粒)，whichshorteneachtimeacelldivides.Thescientistsbelievethisshorteningprocesscausescellstobreakdown.Theysaythisiswhatcausesaging”可知，科學(xué)家們對連接到染色體末端的結(jié)構(gòu)最感愛好。它們被稱為端粒，每次細(xì)胞分裂時它會縮短?？茖W(xué)家們信任這個縮短的過程會導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞分裂。他們說這是導(dǎo)致變老的緣由，由此可知，端粒的長度確定了蝙蝠變老的過程。故選A。]2．Howlongdoesagreatermouse-earedbatgenerallylive?A．19years. B．37years.C．41years. D．60years.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Oftheseanimals，thegreatermouse-earedbatgenerallylivedanaverageof37years”可知，在這些動物中，通常大鼠耳蝠的平均壽命為37歲。故選B。]3．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A．thescientistshavestudiedbatsformorethansixdecadesB．19kindsofbatscouldlivelongerthanhumansC．thebatsstudiedintheresearchareofthesamespeciesD．researchersfocusonfindingoutwhyhumanslivelongA[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“TheEuropeanresearchersstudied493batsfromfourbatspecies.Thegroupusedinformationthathadbeengatheredovermorethan60years”可知，歐洲的探討人員探討了四種蝙蝠中的493只蝙蝠。該組探討人員運(yùn)用了超過60年間收集的信息。故可推斷出選項A的表述“thescientistshavestudiedbatsformorethansixdecades(科學(xué)家們對蝙蝠進(jìn)行了60多年的探討)”是正確的。]4．Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanyoureadthetext?A．Lifestyle. B．Business.C．Science. D．Fashion.C[推理推斷題。本文是對蝙蝠長壽緣由的探究并且探討人員都是科學(xué)家，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)是在雜志中科研方面的專欄，所以選項C是正確的。]B(2024·江西名校檢測)Anewstudyhasidentifiedpollutionastheworld'sNo.1killer.Studyorganizerssaypollutionisresponsibleformoreprematuredeathsthanwar，terrorism，naturaldisasters，smokinganddisease.Bysayingprematuredeath，theresearchersmeandyingbeforetheaverageageofdeathwithinapopulationgroup.Manyofthesedeathscanbeprevented.AreportonthestudywaspublishedinthemedicaljournalTheLancet.Theresearcherslookedatpollutionlevels，bothinsideenclosed(封閉的)buildingsandintheworldaroundus.Theyconcludedthatpollutionkilledabout9millionpeoplein2015.Thatwouldrepresentoneofeverysixdeathsworldwide.KartiSandilyahelpedtopreparethereport.Hesaid，“Pollutiondamagesfundamentalhumanrights，suchastherighttolife，health，well-being，safeworkaswellastheprotectionofchildrenandthemostvulnerable(易受損害的)．”Thereportsaidthelargemajorityofpollution-relateddeathstakeplaceindevelopingcountries.Theresearcherssayleadersinthosecountriesaremoreconcernedaboutbuildingtheireconomicsandpublicservicesthanenvironmentalcontrols.SomeofthemostaffectedcountriesareBangladesh，China，Haiti，India，Pakistan，NorthKoreaandSouthSudan.ButRichardFuller，anotherwriterofthereport，saidpollutionistiedtosloweconomicdevelopmentinbothrichandpoornations.Hesaid，“Financeministersstillholdfirmlythatyouhavetoletindustrypollutionorelseyouwon'tdevelop.Whatpeopledon'trealizeisthatpeoplewhoaresickordeadcannotcontributetotheeconomy.Theyneedtobelookedafter.”Thereportsaidthat9millionprematuredeathsayearisonlyaconservativefigure.Itsaidtheactualnumberislikelytobemuchhigher.AseparatestudybytheWorldBanksaidreducingpollutionmustbeatopgoal.Itsaidthatsettlingthisproblemwouldleadtoapproachestootherdangers，includingpoornutrition(養(yǎng)分)andrisingtemperaturesontheEarth'ssurface.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。探討人員發(fā)覺，污染是當(dāng)今世界的第一大殺手，削減污染必需成為人類的首要目標(biāo)。5．Whichismainlytoblameforpollutionaccordingtothereport?A．Poorcountries. B．Richcountries.C．Commonpeople. D．Thegovernment.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四、第五段內(nèi)容可知，在國家層面上，為污染負(fù)主要責(zé)任的是政府。文中的“l(fā)eadersinthosecountriesaremoreconcernedaboutbuildingtheireconomicsandpublicservicesthanenvironmentalcontrols”和“Financeministersstillholdfirmlythatyouhavetoletindustrypollutionorelseyouwon'tdevelop”都充分說明白這一點(diǎn)。]6．Whatdoesanotherresearcherfind?A．Pollutionisseriousinbothrichandpoorcountries.B．Prematuredeathscannotbepreventedworldwide.C．Pollutionhassomethingtodowithslowdevelopment.D．Pollutionhascausedmoreprematuredeathsthanexpected.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章的第四、五兩段特殊是第五段第一句“ButRichardFuller，anotherwriterofthereport，saidpollutionistiedtosloweconomicdevelopmentinbothrichandpoornations”可知，應(yīng)選C項。]7．Whyis“Aseparatestudy”mentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Toprovidemoreinformationaboutpollution.B．Tomakethefindingsofthefirststudymoreconvincing.C．Tooffermorespecificapproachestodealwithpollution.D．Toemphasizetherelationshipbetweenpollutionandglobalwarming.B[推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要說明白污染是當(dāng)今世界的第一大殺手這一事實(shí)以及存在的錯誤觀念，而文中最終一段中的“AseparatestudybytheWorldBanksaidreducingpollutionmustbeatopgoal”也正示意了這一事實(shí)的嚴(yán)峻性和解決此問題的緊迫性，所以可推斷出“Aseparatestudy”在這里的作用是使上文提到的探討更加具有勸服力。]8．Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthetitleofthepassage?A．PollutionIstheWorld'sNumberOneKillerB．PollutionIsBecomingIncreasinglySeriousC．WhatMakesPollutionIncreasinglySeriousD．HowPeopleDealwithPollutionWorldwideA[標(biāo)題推斷題。文章開頭的第一句“Anewstudyhasidentifiedpollutionastheworld'sNo.1killer”指出污染是當(dāng)今世界的第一大殺手，接下來談到的與污染相關(guān)的其他方面也都是圍繞污染對人類生命造成威逼這一主題綻開的。故答案為A。]Ⅱ.短文改錯(2024·合肥檢測)LastSaturdayourclasswenthikinginacountryside.Wemeetatourschoolgateandsetoffat8：00a．m.Ontheway，weweresingingandlaughinghappilywhileagirlsuddenlyfellintoadeephole.Shefeltsofrighteningandevenburstintotears.Oneofmyclassmatefoundalongropeandwefinallygothimout.Fortunately，shedidn'tsufferseriouslyinjuries，butitseemedthatherankleslightlytwisted.Wemanagedtosendinghertothenearesthospital.Itisanexperiencewe'llneverforgetit，thoughwedidn'tenjoyourselvesverymuchthatday.【答案】LastSaturdayourclasswenthikingineq\f(a,the)countryside.Weeq\f(meet,met)atourschoolgateandsetoffat8：00a．m.Ontheway，weweresingingandlaughinghappilyeq\f(while,when)agirlsuddenlyfellintoadeephole.Shefeltsoeq\f(frightening,frightened)andevenburstintotears.Oneofmyeq\f(classmate,classmates)foundalongropeandwefinallygoteq\f(him,her)out.Fortunately，shedidn'tsuffereq\f(seriously,serious)injuries，butitseemedthatherankleeq\o(∧,\s\do10(was))slightlytwisted.Wemanagedtoeq\f(sending,send)hertothenearesthospital.Itisanexperiencewe'llneverforgeteq\o(it,＼)，thoughwedidn'tenjoyourselvesverymuchthatday.Ⅲ.書面表達(dá)(2024·昆明質(zhì)量檢測)假定你是李華，某英文報社向即將畢業(yè)的中學(xué)生征稿，主題是“向成年動身”，請你依據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)完成短文：1．你的心情；2．你的人生規(guī)劃(學(xué)業(yè)、事業(yè)等方面)。留意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)