專題二閱讀理解七選五

第2講依據(jù)線索詞匯，巧解閱讀七選五

、近五年高考英語七選五考情分析

年份體裁話題線索詞匯考查情況（代詞/同義詞、近義詞/反義涉及線干擾項(xiàng)與線索詞匯相關(guān)特點(diǎn)

詞/數(shù)字/連接詞）索詞匯

的題目

數(shù)量

2019說明文介紹提代詞：“it”指代提升記憶力的某種方法；同義4設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)使用與原文部分同

升記憶詞、近義詞：“enhance”與"improve"，“recall”義詞，但邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤，如將

力的方與“remember”等；連接詞：“firstly""secondly”因果關(guān)系表述為并列關(guān)系。

法表順序，"therefore”表因果

2020議論文討論在代詞：“they”指代在線教育相關(guān)的事物；同義4干擾項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)與原文線索詞相

線教育詞、近義詞：“advantage"與"merit",同的詞匯，但語義與上下文不

的利弊“disadvantage"與"drawback"；反義詞：符，利用考生對(duì)詞匯的熟悉度

“convenient"與“inconvenient”；連接詞：誤導(dǎo)。

"however"表轉(zhuǎn)折，"moreover”表遞進(jìn)

2021記敘文講述作代詞：“this”指代作者之前害怕舞臺(tái)的情況；3干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置與原文同義詞相

者克服同義詞、近義詞："fear"與"dread","overcome”關(guān)，但與記敘文的情節(jié)發(fā)展不

舞臺(tái)恐與“conquer”；連接詞：“but"表轉(zhuǎn)折,"then”契合，偏離作者的情感變化和

懼的經(jīng)表時(shí)間順序行動(dòng)邏輯。

歷

2022說明文關(guān)于健代詞：“them”指代各類健康食物；同義詞、4干擾項(xiàng)包含與原文線索詞匯相

康飲食近義詞：“nutritiousw與“healthy","consume"關(guān)的表述，但對(duì)健康飲食的建

的建議與“eat”；數(shù)字：提到食物攝入量的數(shù)字，如議錯(cuò)誤，與上下文語義矛盾，

“afewtimesaweek”；連接詞："also”表遞如錯(cuò)誤搭配食物種類。

進(jìn)，“besides”表補(bǔ)充

2023說明文介紹環(huán)代詞：“it”指代某種環(huán)保出行方式；同義詞、4干擾項(xiàng)使用與原文線索詞類似

保出行近義詞：“environmentally-friendly”與的表達(dá)，但邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤，如

方式“eco-friendly”,ualternativew與“substitute”；將不同出行方式的特點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤對(duì)

反義詞：“polluting”與“clean”；連接詞：“in比或關(guān)聯(lián)。

addition,,表遞進(jìn)，“while”表對(duì)比

二、命題特征

1.線索詞匯考查全面：從近五年考情看，代詞、同義詞/近義詞、反義詞、數(shù)字和連接詞等

各類線索詞匯均有涉及，且每年考查的線索詞匯類型多樣，要求考生全面掌握利用不同線索

詞匯解題的方法。

2.與文章體裁緊密相關(guān)：不同體裁的文章，線索詞匯的運(yùn)用和考查重點(diǎn)有所不同。說明文常

通過同義詞、反義詞來解釋概念或?qū)Ρ忍攸c(diǎn)，連接詞用于闡述邏輯關(guān)系；議論文利用連接詞

表明觀點(diǎn)的論證邏輯，通過反義詞突出觀點(diǎn)的對(duì)立；記敘文則借助代詞指代事件或人物，連

接詞推動(dòng)情節(jié)發(fā)展。

3.干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置有規(guī)律：干擾項(xiàng)常圍繞線索詞匯設(shè)置陷阱，利用考生對(duì)詞匯的熟悉度，設(shè)置看

似相關(guān)但邏輯錯(cuò)誤或語義不連貫的選項(xiàng)，增加解題難度。

三、解題技巧

1.代詞線索

?技巧：找到設(shè)空前后的代詞，明確其指代對(duì)象，根據(jù)指代關(guān)系選擇與之匹配的選項(xiàng)。

?真題典例：（2021年真題）

?原文：Learninganewlanguageisachallengingbutrewardingexperience.Itrequirestimeand

effort.Itcanopenupnewcareeropportunitiesandculturalexperiences.

,選項(xiàng)：A.Acquiringanewlanguageskilltakespatience.

,解析：文中"it”指代uLearninganewlanguagev,A選項(xiàng)"Acquiringanewlanguageskill"

與"Learninganewlanguage“同義，"it"與"Acquiringanewlanguageskill”指代一致，所

以A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.同義詞、近義詞線索

?技巧：留意選項(xiàng)和原文中意思相近的詞匯，這些詞匯能提示語義的連貫性，幫助確定答案。

?真題典例：（2019年真題）

?原文：Acomfortablehomeofficeshouldbewell-lit.Naturallightisideal,butifthat'snot

possible,investingoodartificiallighting.Acozyworkspacecanimproveyourproductivity.

,選項(xiàng)：B.Createacozyenvironmentforyourworkarea.

?解析：原文中“comfortable”與選項(xiàng)中“cozy”是近義詞，都在描述家庭辦公室的環(huán)境特

點(diǎn)，語義連貫，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.反義詞線索

?技巧：當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中有反義詞時(shí)，思考選項(xiàng)中是否存在與之呼應(yīng)的語義，通過對(duì)比關(guān)系選

擇合適選項(xiàng)。

?真題典例：（2020年真題）

?原文：Socialmediacanstrengthenourconnectionswithfriendsandfamily,butitcanalso

weakenface-to-facecommunicationskills.

,選項(xiàng)：D.Weshouldbalancetheuseofsocialmediatoavoidweakeningrealrelationships.

,解析：原文中"strengthen"與"weaken”是反義詞，選項(xiàng)D中“avoidweakeningreal

relationshipsv與原文中"weakenface-to-facecommunicationskills”語義相關(guān)，且體現(xiàn)了對(duì)

“weaken”這一情況的應(yīng)對(duì)，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.數(shù)字線索

?技巧：關(guān)注文章中的數(shù)字，分析數(shù)字之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如時(shí)間順序、數(shù)量增減等，選擇符

合數(shù)字邏輯的選項(xiàng)。

?真題典例：（2021年真題）

?原文：Itisrecommendedtospendatleast30minutesadaystudyinganewlanguage.After

severalmonthsofconsistentpractice,youwillstarttoseesignificantprogress.

?選項(xiàng)：E.Consistentpracticeoveraperiodofmonthsiskeytomasteringanewlanguage.

?解析：原文中“30minutesaday"和“severalmonths”體現(xiàn)了學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間的要求和階段,選

項(xiàng)E中aConsistentpracticeoveraperiodofmonths”與原文數(shù)字相關(guān)的邏輯一致，強(qiáng)調(diào)了幾

個(gè)月持續(xù)練習(xí)的重要性，所以E選項(xiàng)正確。

5.連接詞線索

?技巧：根據(jù)連接詞判斷句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)等，選擇符合邏輯關(guān)系

的選項(xiàng)。

?真題典例：（2023年真題）

?原文：Smarthomedevicesoffergreatconvenience.Moreover,theycanenhancethesecurityof

yourhome.

?選項(xiàng)：F.Inadditiontoconvenience,smarthomedevicesprovideaddedsecurityfeatures.

?解析：原文中“moreover”表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)F中“Inadditionto”同樣表示遞進(jìn)，且

“convenience"和“security”與原文表述一致，邏輯連貫，所以F選項(xiàng)正確。

四、易錯(cuò)失分點(diǎn)

1.線索詞匯遺漏：由于閱讀速度過快或粗心，未能發(fā)現(xiàn)文章和選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵線索詞匯，導(dǎo)致

無法利用線索解題。

2.指代關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤：對(duì)代詞的指代對(duì)象判斷失誤，選擇了與指代關(guān)系不符的選項(xiàng)。

3.邏輯關(guān)系誤判：對(duì)連接詞所表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系理解錯(cuò)誤，或者沒有注意到同義詞、反義詞所

體現(xiàn)的語義關(guān)系，從而選錯(cuò)答案。

4.數(shù)字邏輯混亂：沒有正確理解數(shù)字之間的邏輯順序或數(shù)量關(guān)系，被干擾項(xiàng)中錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)字邏

輯所誤導(dǎo)。

5.受干擾項(xiàng)迷惑:干擾項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)與線索詞匯相關(guān)的信息，但整體語義或邏輯與上下文不匹配,

考生因缺乏對(duì)上下文的整體把握而選擇了干擾項(xiàng)。

五、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

（七）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中的兩項(xiàng)為多途

選項(xiàng)。

Informalconversationisanimportantpartofanybusinessrelationship.]Latin

Americansenjoysharinginformationabouttheirlocalhistory,art,andcustoms.Theyexpect

questionsabouttheirfamilyandaresuretoshowpicturesoftheirchildren.TheFrenchthinkof

conversationasanartform.2Forthem,argumentscanbeinteresting—andtheycancover

prettymuchoranytopic—aslongastheyoccurinarespectfulandintelligentmanner.

IntheUnitedStates,businesspeopleliketodiscussawiderangeoftopics,includingopinions

aboutwork,family,hobbies,andpolitics.3Theydonotsharemuchabouttheirthoughts,

feelings,oremotionsbecausetheyfeelthatdoingsomighttakeawayfromtheharmonious

businessrelationshipthey'retryingtobuild.MiddleEasternersarealsoprivateabouttheirpersonal

livesandfamilymatters.Itisconsideredrude,forexample,toaskabusinessmanfromSaudi

Arabiaabouthiswifeorchildren.

4Thiscangetyouintotrouble,evenintheUnitedStates,wherepeoplehold

differentviews.Sportsistypicallyafriendlysubjectinmostpartsoftheworld,althoughbecareful

nottocriticizeanationalsport.5

A.Instead,befriendlyandpraiseyourhosfsteam.

B.YoumayfeelfreetoaskyourLatinAmericanfriendssimilarquestions.

C.Beforeyoustartadiscussion,however,makesureyouunderstandwhichtopicsaresuitable

inaparticularculture.

D.InJapan,China,andKorea,however,peoplearemuchmoreprivate.

E.Inaddition,discussingone'ssalaryisusuallyconsideredunsuitable.

F.Theyenjoythevalueoflivelydiscussionsaswellasdisagreements.

G.Asageneralrule,ifsbestnottotalkaboutpoliticsorreligionwithyourbusinessfriends.

（八）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余

選項(xiàng)。

71Itisanewtermintoday'stourismindustry.Butinanageofgrowingenvironmental

awareness,itisnottoodifficultforustoimagineandunderstandthisnewformofholiday.

Ecotourism,whichisconsideredasakindofresponsibletourism,istypicallydefined（定義）

astraveltoplaceswherespecialandunusualplants,animalsandculturalheritages（遺產(chǎn)）arethe

mainattractions.72Therefore,programsconcerningtheprotectionofsomenaturalandcultural

spotsalsoformapartofecotourism.

Ecotourismisdevelopingatgreatspeed.AccordingtoarecentreportbytheWorldTourism

Organization,ecotourisminrecentyearshasenjoyedanannualgrowthofabout5%

worldwide.73Theyincludebirdwatching,hiking,diving,photographyandtakingpartin

variouskindsoflocalculturalevents.

74However,itlookslikesomesmallertownsandcountryareasmaywellbecomethenew

destinationsforpeopletovisittomorrowbecausetheyarerichinecological,culturalandhistorical

resources.

Ecotourismhasbeengainingincreasingrecognitionandpopularitymainlyfortherelaxing,

naturalandvividexperienceitofferstotourists.Peopleareattractedtonatureandlongtobeclose

toit.However,aconflictbetweennatureandhumanbeingsisunavoidable.75

A.Thedefinitionofecotourismisbeyondwords.

B-Ittakesecology（生態(tài)學(xué)）andcultureintoconsideration.

C.Youmaynotbeveryfamiliarwith"ecotourism".

D.Morethan80activitieshavebeenlistedforecotourism.

E.Peoplecanhavegreatfunenjoyingnaturethroughecotourism.

F.Bigcitiesarestillthemajorplacesthatattracttouristsinoursocietytoday.

G.Howtoprotectnaturalresourceswhiletakingadvantageofthemisofgreatimportance.

（七）七選五答案

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中的兩項(xiàng)為多途

選項(xiàng)。

（七）七選五答案

1-5CFDGA

同題異構(gòu)（7）

閱讀理解。

Informalconversationisanimportantpartofanybusinessrelationship.Beforeyoustarta

discussion,however,makesureyouunderstandwhichtopicsaresuitableandwhichare

consideredtaboo（禁忌）inaparticularculture.LatinAmericansenjoysharinginformation

abouttheirlocalhistory,art,andcustoms.

Youmayexpectquestionsaboutyourfamily,andbesuretoshowpicturesofyourchildren.You

mayfeelfreetoasksimilarquestionsofyourLatinAmericanfriends.TheFrenchthinkof

conversationasanartform,andtheyenjoythevalueoflivelydiscussionsaswellas

disagreements.Forthem,argumentscanbeinteresting-andtheycancoverprettymuchorany

topic-aslongastheyoccurinarespitefulandintelligentmanner.

IntheUnitedStates,businesspeopleliketodiscussawiderangeoftopics,including

opinionsaboutwork,family,hobbies,andpolitics.InJapan,China,andKorea,however,

peoplearemuchmoreprivate.Theydonotsharemuchabouttheirthoughts,feelings,or

emotionsbecausetheyfeelthatdoingsomighttakeaway

fromtheharmoniousbusinessrelationshipthey'retryingtobuild.MiddleEasternersarealso

privateabouttheirpersonallivesandfamilymatters.Itisconsideredrude,forexample,toask

abusinessmanfromSaudiArabiaabouthiswifeorchildren.

Asageneralrule,it'sbestnottotalkaboutpoliticsorreligionwithyourbusinessfriends.

Thiscangetyouintotrouble,evenintheUnitedStates,wherepeopleholddifferentreligious

views.Inaddition,discussingone*ssalaryisusuallyconsideredunsuitable.Sportsistypically

afriendlysubjectinmostpartsoftheworld,althoughbecarefulnottocriticizeflnational

sport.Instead,befriendlyandpraiseyourhoststeam.

1.Theauthorconsiderspoliticsandreligion.

A.cheerfultopics

B.taboo

C.rudetopics

D.topicsthatcanneverbetalkedabout

2.Whichistypicallyafriendlytopicinmostplacesaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Sports.

B.Children.

C.Personalfeelings.

D.Families.

3.WhyarepeoplefromAsiamoreprivateintheirconversationwithothers?

A.Theydon'twanttotalkmuchwithothers.

B.Theydon'twanttohavetheirgoodrelationshipwithothersharmedbyinformalconversation.

C.Theyareafraidtoarguewiththeircolleagues.

D.Theywanttokeeptheirfeelingstothemselves.

4.Whatshouldn'tyoudowhentalkingaboutsportswithcolleaguesfromanothercountry?

A.Praisingyourowncountry'ssports.

B.Criticizingyourowncountry'ssports.

C.Praisingthesportsofyourcolleagues*country.

D.Criticizingthesportsofyourcolleagues*country.

閱讀理解參考答案

1-4:BABD

小題1:B

小題2:A

小題3:B

小題4:D

非正式談話是任何商業(yè)聯(lián)系中的一個(gè)重要組成部分，不過談話時(shí)，可別無所顧忌，一定要適

可而止。

小題1:語義理解題。從最后一段第1句話Asgeneralrule,it'sbestnottotalkaboutpolit

icsorreligion（宗教）withyourbusinessfriends可以明顯看出答案為什么選B。

小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題。命題依據(jù)是最后一段第4句話Sportsistypicallyafriendlysubjectinmost

partsoftheworldo

小題3:判斷題。從第2段第3句話…becausetheyfeelthatdoingsomighttakeawayfrom

theharmonious（和諧的）businessrelationshipthey'retryingtobuild可以推知。

小題4:語義理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第4句話中的…althoughbecarefulnottocriticizeanat

ionalsport可知答案為D。

七選五（八）答案

你也許不熟悉所謂的生態(tài)旅游

在今天的旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)里，這是個(gè)新名詞,但是在正在發(fā)展的環(huán)境認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域里，這些年里，這個(gè)新形

態(tài)的假日休閑模式并不難想象和理解.

生態(tài)旅行，被認(rèn)為是一種可靠地旅游方式,通常被定義為，去一些特別和有稀有動(dòng)，植物和文化

遺產(chǎn)的地方旅行,這些都是主要的亮點(diǎn).他同時(shí)都考慮到了生態(tài)和文化的結(jié)合.所以，同樣

考慮到自然和文化的地點(diǎn)的保護(hù)，就構(gòu)成了生態(tài)旅行的一部分.

生態(tài)旅行正在飛速發(fā)展.根據(jù)近期一個(gè)WTO（世界旅游組織）的報(bào)告，生態(tài)旅行在近些年來以

每年5%的速度在世界范圍內(nèi)增長(zhǎng).

1-5CBDFG

（九）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中的兩項(xiàng)為多途

選項(xiàng)。

IwastenwhenIfirstsatwithmygrandmotherbehindthecashier（收銀臺(tái)）inhergeneral

store.71Iquicklylearnedtheimportanceoftreatingcustomerspolitelyandsaying"thank

you.”

AtfirstIwaspaidincandy.72Iworkedeverydayafterschool,andduringthesummer

andonweekendsandholidaysfrom8a.m.to7p.m.Myfatherhelpedmesetupabank

account.73

BythetimeIwas12,MygrandmotherthoughtIhaddonesuchagoodjobthatshepromoted

metosellingcosmetics（化妝品）.Idevelopedtheabilitytolookcustomersdirectlyintheeye.

EventhoughIwasjustakid,womenwouldaskmesuchthingsas"WhatcolordoyouthinkI

shouldwear?"Itookarealinterestintheirquestionsandwasabletotranslatewhattheywanted

intomakeup（化妝）ideas.74

Thejobtaughtmeavaluablelesson:tobeasuccessfulsalesperson,youdidn'tneedtobeaRocket

scientist-youneededtobeagreatlistener.75Excepttheyarenolongerwomenpurchasing

cosmeticsfromme;instead,theyarekidswhotellmewhichtoystheywouldliketoseedesigned

anddeveloped.

A.LaterIreceived50centsanhour.

B.Beforelong,sheletmesittherebymyself.

C.Iendedmysellingarecordamountofcosmetics.

D.TodayIstillcarrythatlessonwithme:Ilistentocustomers.

E.Mygrandma'strusttaughtmehowtohandleresponsibility.

F.SoonIfoundmyselflookingmorebeautifulthaneverbefore.

G.WatchingmymoneygrowwasmorerewardingthananythingIcouldhavebought.

（十）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中的兩項(xiàng)為多途

選項(xiàng)。

Doctorssayangercanbeanextremelydamagingemotion,unlessyoulearnhowtodealwith

it.Theywarnthatangercanleadtoheartdisease,stomachproblems,headaches,emotional

problemsandpossiblycancer.

71Somepeopleexpressangeropenlyinacalmreasonableway.Othersburstwithanger,

andscreamandyell.Butotherpeoplekeeptheirangerinside.Theycannotorwillnotexpressit.

Thisiscalledrepressinganger.

Foryearsmanydoctorsthoughtthatrepressingangerwasmoredangeroustoaperson9shealth

thanexpressingit.Theysaidthatwhenapersonisangry,thebrainreleasesthesamehormones（荷

爾蒙）.Theyspeedtheheartrate,raisebloodpressure,orsugarintotheblood,etc.72

Somedoctorssaythatbothrepressingandexpressingangercanbedangerous.Theybelieve

thatthosewhoexpressangerviolentlymaybemorelikelytodevelopheartdisease,andthey

believethatthosewhokeepangerinsidemayfaceagreaterdangerofhighbloodpressure.

73Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseof

theanger,thendecideifthecauseisseriousenoughtogetangryabout.Ifitis,theysay,

“74Waituntilyourangerhascooleddownandyouareabletoexpressyourselfcalmlyand

reasonably.”

Doctorssaythatagoodwaytodealwithangeristofindhumorinthesituationthathasmade

youangry.75

A.Ingeneralthepersonfeelsexcitedandreadytoact.

B.Theysaythatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.

C.Expressingangerviolentlyismoreharmfulthanrepressingit.

D.Angermaycauseyouacancer.

E.Donotexpressyourangerwhileangry.

F.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.

G.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.

（九）參考答案

小題71:B

小題72:A

小題73:G

小題74:C

小題75:D

小題71:選B。從后一句Iquicklylearnedtheimportanceoftreatingcustomerspolitelyandsaying

“thankyou”.可推知，作者的祖母先讓作者跟著她學(xué)，然后讓作者獨(dú)立工作，所以他很快懂

得有禮貌地對(duì)待客人的重要性。

小題72:選Ao前面有atfirst,和本項(xiàng)中的later一致。

小題73:選Go根據(jù)前一句的Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.可確定答案。

小題74:選C。同樣根據(jù)前一句確定答案。

小題75:選Do上文提到avaluablelesson,這里承接上下文。

七選五（十）參考答案

71—75FAGEB

閱讀理解。

Doctorssayangercanbeanextremelydamagingemotion,unlessyoulearnhowtodealwith

it.Theywarnthatangercanleadtoheartdisease,stomachproblems,headaches,emotional

problemsandpossiblycancer.

Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.Somepeopleexpressanger

openlyinacalmreasonableway.Othersburstwithanger,andscreamandyell.Butotherpeople

keeptheirangerinside.Theycannotorwillnotexpressit.Thisiscalledrepressinganger.

Foryearsmanydoctorsthoughtthatrepressingangerwasmoredangeroustoaperson's

healththanexpressingit.Theysaidthatwhen