名詞性從句NounClause本章要點(diǎn)賓語從句主語從句表語從句同位語從句名詞性從句語法點(diǎn)分述一、賓語從句引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞that引導(dǎo)(that可以省略)Iknow(that)mostmatterhasthreestates（狀態(tài)）.?Attention?賓語從句中that不可省略的狀況賓語從句that?？墒÷?，但在如下狀況下不能省略當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí)，可以省略第一種that，其他不能省略。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.當(dāng)it作形式賓語時(shí)當(dāng)賓語從句後跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，一般在賓語從句處使用形式賓語it，將真正的賓語從句移至句末。構(gòu)造公式：構(gòu)造公式：主語+consider/find/make/regard/think/+it+賓補(bǔ)+that+句子/todosthShemadeitcleartoherparentsthatshewouldlearntodealwithvariousproblems.★小試身手★特朗普說得很清晰他想當(dāng)總統(tǒng)。(make…clear)我們理所當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為父母應(yīng)當(dāng)愛我們一輩子。(take…forgranted)consider,we,it,should,that,with,importance,all,of,great,we,theory,combine,practice（連詞成句）whether/if引導(dǎo)在whether……ornot的固定搭配中，不能用if。Idon’tknowwhetherhewillstudyabroadornot.在介詞後，只能用whether和特殊疑問詞，不能用if。Hisfatherisconcernedaboutwhetherhewillbekickedoutofschool.?Attention?ifif或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，雖具有疑問意義，但從句語序應(yīng)用陳說句語序。在考試中假如確定句子意思表達(dá)“與否”，則一定選擇用whether?！镄≡嚿硎帧颕wonder________there’sanyneedtospendsomuchmoneyontheparty.Somepeoplebelieve________amonkeypersonissociable.Sheisworriedabout________shecangetpromoted.Teachertoldthestudents________thesun________(have)eightplanets.連接代詞以及連接副詞引導(dǎo)構(gòu)造公式：連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which/what+陳說語序的句子Idon’tknowwho[whom]youaretalkingabout.連接副詞：where/why/when/how/howmany等一切特殊疑問詞+陳說語序的句子Idon’tknowwhyyouarelate.★小試身手★只有小孩子懂得自已在找什么。ProfessorNelsonwantedtoknow______. A.whenwouldtheconferencebegin B.Whentheconferencewouldbegin C.whenwilltheconferencebegin D.whentheconferencewillbeginI’mnotsure______. A.whatistheassignmentoftomorrow B.whattheassignmentfortomorrowisC.whatwilltheassignmentfortomorrowbeD.whatwillbetheassignmentoftomorrow賓語從句連詞總結(jié)連詞闡明例句that1.賓語從句用連詞that,that沒故意義僅起連接作用。that可以省略。Ihaveseriousreasontobelievethattheplanetistheasteroid（小行星）knownasB-612.who,whom,what,which2.連接代詞who,whom,what,which，在賓語從句中做重要成分。Igaveupwhatmighthavebeenamagnificentcareerasapainter.how,when,where3.連接副詞how,when,where在賓語從句中作次要成分。Idon’tknowwhereheis.if或whetherif或whether在賓語從句中只起連接作用，不起語法作用，當(dāng)作“與否”講。從句中有ornot構(gòu)造時(shí)，要用whether。Idonotknowif(whether)hewillcome.賓語從句的語序賓語從句除個(gè)別狀況外，所有使用陳說句語序。Idon'tknowwhat'sthematter.Idon'tknowwhat'swrong.Idon'tknowwhat'sontoday.Idon'tknowwhichisthewaytothecinema.★小試身手★Doyouknow__A___?A.whenthesportsmeetingwillbeginB.whenthesportsmeetingbeginsC.whenthesportsmeetingbeginD.whenwillbeginthesportsmeetingWillthissheephavetohaveagreatdealofgrass?Doyouthink…(連接成賓語從句)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)主句賓語從句目前時(shí)或未來時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)影響過去時(shí)從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同步發(fā)生；從句過去完畢時(shí)表達(dá)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前；從句謂語用過去未來時(shí)表達(dá)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之後★小試身手★Idon’tknowifweeachhaveadestiny,orifwe’realljustfloatingaroundaccidentally,likeonabreeze.Thescientisttoldthestudentthatthesun____________round.(be)Ibelievethatthefriendshipbetweenus_______forever.(last)Iknewthatourteam_____________(win)thecompetition.KateknowswhatJohn_____now. A.doesB.willdoC.hasdoneD.isdoing賓語從句否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移主句主語人稱否認(rèn)前移例句反義疑問句第一人稱YesIdon’tthinktheweatherwillbebettertomorrow,willit?Idon’tbelievehecanfinishthetaskinanhour,canhe?問從句第二，第三人稱NoShethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,didn’tshe?Youthinkyoucan'tgetupearly,don’tyou?問主句★小試身手★Wehavetofinishtheworknow.（反義疑問？______________）Younevertolduswhyyouwerelateforthemeeting.（反義疑問？_____________）Nacy,sweeptheclassroom,______？A.don’tyouB.doyouC.willyouD.doesn’tshe--Hedidn’tgotothelecturethismorning,didhe?--______.Toughhewasnotfeelingverywell.A.No,hedidn’tB.Yes,hedidC.No,hedidD.Yes,hedidn’t賓語從句和動(dòng)詞不定式轉(zhuǎn)換類似Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.=Idon’tknowwhattodo.whattodowith;howtodealwith固定詞組使用方法。Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddowiththismessysituation.=Idon’tknowwhattodowiththismessysituation.★小試身手★賓語從句和不定式轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)：Ibelievethatheisanhonestman.(保持原句意思) Ibelieve_____to_____anhonestman.Heexpectedtobeforgiven.(保持原句意思) Heexpectedthathe__________forgiven.Heisn’tintheofficenow,Ithink.(保持原句意思)I__________he_____intheoffice.Hewillpasstheexam.Wethinkitpossible.(合并為一句)Wethink__________hewillpasstheexam.主語從句主語從句可以直接放在句首；也可用主語從句可以直接放在句首；也可用it作形式主語，而將從句放在句末。主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主語從句主語從句一般由連詞that和whether、連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。that引導(dǎo)Thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawifeisatruthuniversallyacknowledged.(用it改寫)?Attention?that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出目前句首時(shí)，that不可省略。whether引導(dǎo)Whetherchewinggumhelpspreventtoothdecayisunknowntome.(用it改寫)?Attention?用whether引導(dǎo)主語從句，而不用if。連接代詞引導(dǎo)所有值得做的事情都值得做好。?Attention?連接代詞引導(dǎo)，不能用it改寫Whoeverleaveslastturnsoffthelight.連接副詞引導(dǎo)doesn’tmatter.wasamystery.?Attention?謂語動(dòng)詞一律用第三人稱單數(shù)what引導(dǎo)(相稱于中文的“的字構(gòu)造”)，主謂一致問題“看後”Whatwehaveisknowledge,butwhatweneedarechances.★小試身手★沙漠之因此漂亮，是由于在它的某個(gè)角落隱藏著一口井。主語從句與形式主語it常見的用it作形式主語的復(fù)合構(gòu)造：構(gòu)造詳細(xì)狀況中文Itis+n./adj.+thatItisapity/shamethat...Itisasurprisethat…Itisafactthat…Itiscommonknowledgethat…It’scertainthat…Itispossible/likelythat...Itisobvious/clearthat…Itistruethat…Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…可惜的是……令人吃驚的是…事實(shí)是……是常識(shí)肯定…很也許……很明顯…確實(shí)…It+不及物動(dòng)詞+thatIthappenedthat...Itoccurredtomethat…Itappears/seemsthat…Itturnedoutthat…碰巧……我忽然想起…似乎，仿佛…本來…It+be+過去分詞+從句Itissaidthat...Itisknowntoallthat...Itisreportedthat...Itisbelievedthat...Itissuggestedthat+(should)do...聽說……眾所周知……據(jù)報(bào)道……據(jù)相信…；人們相信…提議……★小試身手★紙是中國首先造出來的，這是事實(shí)。人類不也許受機(jī)器人的控制。我們此前似乎在哪兒見過。據(jù)報(bào)道，到目前為止，已經(jīng)有91個(gè)孩子在洪水中失去了生命。?Attention?主語從句中that位于句首時(shí)不可省略；不過假如主語從句放在背面，that可以省略。水可以被用來發(fā)電是事實(shí)。主語從句放在前面只能用whether，而不能用if；不過假如主語從句放在背面，whether和if都可以使用。他與否能安然無恙的回來還是個(gè)問題。三、表語從句表語從句的連接詞That連接表語從句，既沒有含義也不在從句中擔(dān)任成分。人生值得欣慰（solace）之處便是，每一天均有結(jié)束的時(shí)候。今天亦不例外。附屬連詞whether,as,asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句，有含義，但在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。Itseemsasiftheballoonisfilledwithhelium（氦氣）.because,why引導(dǎo)的表語從句，一般置于be動(dòng)詞之後的表語從句。Thatiswhyglobalclimateisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever。連接副詞where,when,how,why這些連詞都既有含義也充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。ThemostdistantwayintheworldisnotwhenIstandinfrontofyou,youarenotsureIloveyou.Itiswhenmyloveisbewildering（癡迷的）thesoul,butIcan’tspeakitout.表語從句只用whether不用if表達(dá)“與否”。問題是許多國家與否可以維護(hù)國家主權(quán)（statesovereignty）。當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句的連接詞用that。我媽媽難過的原因是丟了一種包，這個(gè)包裏裝了諸多重要的文獻(xiàn)。四．同位語從句同位語從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語一般有連詞that，whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句主句中有些詞義比較抽象的名詞主句中有些詞義比較抽象的名詞,如belief,doubt,evidence,idea,fact,hope,possibility,thought等，可以用that引出的從句做同位語，叫做同位語從句，that不可以省略。That從句的內(nèi)容即為這個(gè)名詞的內(nèi)容，that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分。whether可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別意義的不一樣:Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.（news的內(nèi)容就是thathewillcome，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句。）Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.（that從句是限制thenews的內(nèi)容的，即我們快樂只是由于他告訴的這個(gè)news而不是他的news，故that從句為定語從句。）引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不一樣：thatthat引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。Todaythereisevidencethattheresourcesoftheseaareasseriouslythreatenedasthoseoftheland.ThereisnodoubtthatPremierWenJiabaoisanexcellentleader.五、名詞性從句的注意事項(xiàng)語序問題連接詞的選用問題that,whether,if,asif都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它們所引導(dǎo)的句子構(gòu)造必須完整。因此，它們所引導(dǎo)的句子構(gòu)造必須完整。that一般用于確定的語氣中，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，口語中的that可省略，而其他狀況中的that一般不可??；而whether,if一般用于不確定的語句中。如：ThathelearntEnglishbeforeiscertain.他學(xué)過英語是肯定的。Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewilllearnEnglish.我不懂得他與否會(huì)學(xué)英語。HelooksasifheknowsEnglish.看起來他仿佛懂得英語?！镄≡嚿硎帧颕tseemsaperpetual（永恒的）rulethatflops（失敗）areproducedelatedly（興高采烈的）andmasterpiecespainstakingly（辛勞的）.Thisiswherealldreamsbegin.Whatweshouldcareaboutisnotwhereit’sheadedbutwhatweseeandhowwefeel.Iloveyounotforwhoyouare,butforwhoIamwithyou.Thenewsgotaroundthatthegeneralmanagerwouldmarryhissecretaryinthecompany.Itstillremainsamysterywhathewillassignfortheclass.Happinessdoesn’tdependonwhoyouareorwhatyouhave;itdependssolelyonwhatyouthink.Pleaserememberwhatyoudonowwilldecideyourfuturedirectly.Whatweanticipateseldomoccurs;whatweleastexpectgenerallyhappens.Youwillneverknowwhatyouwillbe.Review一、選擇題(中考題型)：1. Doyouthink______anAmericanfilmtomorrow? A.isthereB.there'sgoingtobe C.willtherebeD.there'sgoingtohave2. Whatdoyouthink______theseyoungpeoplesoexcited? A.makingB.tomakeC.makesD.thatmakes3.--Wheredoyouthink______he______thecomputer?--Sorry,Ihavenoidea. A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy4. Iwastold______BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputer. A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen5. Iwanttoknow______. A.whatishisnameB.what'shisname C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis6.--Weneverknow______theoldmanis.--Thatsayheisateacher. A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where7. Wouldyoupleasetellme______next,MrWang? A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhat C.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat8. Theywereallpleasedwith______them. A.whatyousaidB.whatdidyousayto C.whatyouspokeD.whatyouhadtold9. Doyouknow______duringthecomingsummerholiday? A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdo C.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid10.--Idon'tknow______.Couldyoushowmetheway?--Certainly. A.wherethepostofficeisB.whereisthepostoffice C.whereIcangettothepostofficeD.howcanIgettothepostoffice11. Idon'trememberwhere______inthecitywhenhewasyoung. A.didheworkB.heworked C.hehadworkedD.hehasworked12. Theyaskedme______duringtheMayDayholidays. A.wherehadIgoneB.whereIhadbeen C.wherehadIbeenD.whereIhadgone13. Canyoutellme______?I'mhisoldfriend. A.wheredoesJimliveB.whenwillJimcomeback C.whereJimhasgoneD.howisJim14. -I'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow______itwillarrive? -Usuallyitcomesby4:00. A.howB.whenC.whereD.what15. -Doyouknow______? -Nextyear. A.whenhecamehereB.whendidhecomehere C.whenhewillcomeD.whenwillhecomehere16. --Doyouknow______? --Theymovedheresoonaftertheirsonwasborn. A.whenwouldtheGreenmovehereB.whentheGreensmovedhere C.theGreenswouldmovedhereD.whentheGreenswouldmovehere17. Couldyoutellme______? A.whenwillTomcomebackB.whendoesTomcomeback C.whenTomwillcomebackD.whenTomcomesback18.--Ireallywanttoknow______LiLeiis.--Itissaidthatheismuchbetterthesedays. A.whatB.howC.whereD.who19.--Doyouknow______?--Yes,Ido.Shecamehereonfoot. A.whereKatecamefromB.howKatecamehere C.whenKatecomeshereD.whyKatedidn'tcomehere20. Couldyoutellme______thebikewithoutanyhelpthismorning? A.howdoeshemendB.howhemends C.howhemendedD.howdidhemend二、按規(guī)定改寫句子