UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGEDiscoverusefulstructuresI.WritedownthewordaccordingtotheChinese.40.____________/bɑ?k/vi.&n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫聲41.____________

/?r?ɡbi/

n.橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)42.___________/b?t/n.球拍；蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板擊球;揮打;拍打43.____________

/d?mp/adj.潮濕的；濕氣重的44.____________/?rekri?e??n/n.娛樂；消遣；游戲

45.____________/?ɡa?dns/n.指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航46.____________/?nefju?/n.侄子；外甥47.____________

/??dv?ta?z??/

n.廣告活動(dòng)；廣告業(yè)

48.____________/??dv?ta?z/vt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告49.____________

?k??p?r?t/adj.公司的；法人的；社團(tuán)的barkrugbybatdamprecreationguidancenephewadvertisingadvertisecorporateBasicforms現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定式：have/hasbeendoing否定式：have/has+not+beendoing一般疑問式：Have/Has+主語+beendoing...?特殊疑問式：疑問詞+一般疑問式II.Observeanddiscover.

1.ThisistheadventurethatI_________________________(dream)of.2.Wearenowcampedonthericeandwe_____________________(manage)tosurvive,butspringiscoming,andtheicewillsoonbegintomelt.3.We_____________________(struggle)fordays,butthingsonElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.時(shí)態(tài)：_________________________________含義：表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能剛剛停止，也可能仍在繼續(xù)。結(jié)構(gòu)：“have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞”

①Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.

動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，剛終止，不再繼續(xù)下去。②Chinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，還將繼續(xù)下去。havebeendreaminghavebeenmanaginghavebeenstrugglingThePresentPerfectContinuousTenseBasicformsThisistheadventurethatIhavebeendreamingof.pastnowfutureIstartedtodreamoftheadventure.Iamstilldreamingoftheadventure

MybecontinuedreamingTheusageofthetense經(jīng)常與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語for+時(shí)間段/since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)

thisweek/thismonthallday/allthemorning/allthetimerecently;thesedays;lately;uptonow;tillnow;sofarover/inthepastfiveyears,等表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語TheusageofthetenseHehasbeenwatching

TVfor3hours,butheisstillwatchingnow.動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，還將繼續(xù)下去。PresentPastFutureWherehaveyoubeen?Ihavebeenwaiting

foryouforalongtime.PresentPastFuture動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，剛終止，不再繼續(xù)下去。TheusageofthetenseJackhasbeenphoningJaneeverynightforthelastweek.Tomhasalwaysbeenworkinghard.(贊許）Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary?（不滿）表示動(dòng)作并不是一直不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。帶有感情色彩，使語言表達(dá)更加生動(dòng)。Compareandfind現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

pastfuturenowdiddohavedone

pastfuturenowdiddohavebeendoingdo現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，例如：allthetime,severaltimes,thisweek,allnight/morning,thesefewdays,over/inthepastfiveyears,for…,since…,等。4.Allthesedayshe________________(write)

articlestoourmagazine.5.Jack__________________(phone)

Janeeverynightforthelastweek.

表示動(dòng)作并不是一直不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。6.Tomhasalwaysbeenworking

hard.

贊許的感情色彩7.

Whathaveyoubeendoing

tomydictionary?

不滿的感情色彩帶有感情色彩，使語言表達(dá)更加生動(dòng)Practice:1)

Youareagreatswimmer.-Thanks.It'sbecauseI____________

(practise)

alotthesedays.2)

Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilson_______________(offer)freeridestocollegestudents

forthepasteightyears.3)

Languages__________________________(come)

andgoing

for

thousandsofyears,butin

recenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmore

going.

hasbeenwritinghasbeenphoninghasbeenofferinghave

beencomingandgoinghave

beenpractising現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別①I'vebeendesigningsolarracingcars.

強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性②I'vedesignedfiveorsixdifferentcars.

強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果③I'vebeentakingpartinracesforfouryears.表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)④Howmanyraceshaveyoutakenpartin?

不表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)⑤RecentlyMaryhasbeendoingsportsregularly.(有表揚(yáng)意味)⑥RecentlyMaryhasdonehersportsregularly.

(只說明一個(gè)事實(shí))

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與所有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)一樣帶有感情色彩，可使表達(dá)顯得生動(dòng)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只表明一個(gè)事實(shí)、一種影響或結(jié)果，不帶感情色彩。⑦Wehavefinished

thehomework.

(正確)⑧Wehavebeenfinishing

thehomework.

（不正確）某些終止性動(dòng)詞，如come,go,marry,die,finish，leave等，不適用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)III.Completethefollowingsentences.1.Forthewholemorning,theboardofthedirectors___________________(discuss)theresolutiontoincreasewagesinthecomingyear.2.Jason'sonlyrecreationispainting.He________________(learn)howtopaintforoverfiveyears.3.Eventhoughwelostthegame,weshouldbeproudofourselvesbecausewe_______________(try)ourbestand_______(work)asateam.4.Hefinally______________(finish)theresearchpaperunderhistutor'sguidance.5.MynephewSam___________________

(collect)comicbookssincehewasfive.Nowhehasmorethantwohundredofthem.6.Thecompany____________________________(launch)anadvertisingcampaigntopromoteitscorporateimage.hasbeendiscussinghasbeenlearninghavebeentryingworkingfinishedhasbeencollectingislaunching/haslaunched/launched7.People___________(pour)intostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.8.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,we_____________(use)datasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,which______(rank)thembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.9.Youknow,I_________________(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.10.Tom_______(give)atalktoalargegroupofpeople,thesametalkI_________(give)tohalfadozenothergroups.11.Lastmonth,theJapanesegovernment_________(express)theirthanksfortheaidthey____________(receive)fromChina.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines__________________(complete)bynow.Theprimeministerhopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthanwhenhe_______(start).Wehopepeoplelivingindisasterareas___________(return)totheirnormallifeassoonaspossible.haveusedhavebeenpouringrankshavebeenlookinggavehadgivenexpressedhadreceivedhasbeencompletedstartedwillreturnCompareandfind狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞：be,have,exist;情感動(dòng)詞：like,love,hate;感觀動(dòng)詞：see,hear,know,feel,sound;短暫性動(dòng)詞：finish,marry,getup,come,go等。Ihaveknownhimforyears.

Ihavebeenknowinghimforyears.Theyhavefinishedthework.

Theyhavebeenfinishingthework.有些動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Readeachsituationandrewriteeachsentenceusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.1.Thedogstartedtobarkabouttwohoursago.Ireallyhopeitwillstopsoon.→v.吠叫Thedoghasbeenbarkingforabouttwohours.Ireallyhopeitwillstopsoon.2.Stevestartedtoplayrugbyattheageofeight.Nowhehasbecomeaprofessionalplayer.____________________________________________________________________________________________________n.橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)Stevehasbeenplayingrugbysincetheageofeight.Nowhehasbecomeaprofessionalplayer.adj.潮濕的3.Timmyisholdingatabletennisbatandhisshorthairisdampwithsweat.Helooksalittletiredafterplayingtabletennisfortwohours._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Timmyisholdingatabletennisbatandhisshorthairisdampwithsweat.Helooksalittletiredbecausehehasbeenplayingtabletennisfortwohours.n.球拍4.Dianehasn’tgotmuchsleepthisweek.Shelooksterribletoday.____________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Itriedtophoneyouthismorning.ImusthavetriedadozentimesbeforeIcaughtyouhere.____________________________________________________________________________________________________Dianehasn’tbeensleepingwellthisweek.Shelooksterribletoday.Ihavebeentryingtophoneyouthismorning.ImusthavetriedadozentimesbeforeIcaughtyouhere.Completethesentencesbelowusingthecorrecttensesoftheverbsinbrackets.Thenexplainyourreasonstoyourpartner.1.Forthewholemorning,theboardofdirectors__________________(discuss)theresolutiontoincreasewagesinthecomingyear.

2.Jason’sonlyrecreationispainting.He_________________(learn)howtopaintforoverfiveyears.3.Eventhoughwelostthegame,weshouldbeproudofourselvesbecausewe_________(try)ourbestand________(work)asateam.hasbeendiscussingn.娛樂；消遣hasbeenlearningn.決議；解決；堅(jiān)定triedworkedThecompany___________________________________

(launch)anadvertisingcampaigntopromoteitscorporateimage.n.侄子；外甥Hefinally__________(finish)theresearchpaperunderhistutor’sguidance.MynephewSam________________