第06講閱讀理解之說明文（練習(xí)）（模擬精練+真題演練）Passage1（2024·遼寧撫順·一模）Foodallergies(過敏)canbeverydangerousforpeople.Theirbodiesmayitch(發(fā)癢).Theymaywanttothrowupandcanevendiefromallergies.What’sworse,foodallergiesarebecomingmorecommonthesedays.

KariNadeau,anallergyexpertatStanfordUniversityintheUS,didastudyoffoodallergiesaroundtheworld.Shefoundthatwhile3percentofpeoplehadthemin1960,thenumberroseto7percentin2018.Nadeausaidonereasonforthismightbethatwehavefewerinteractions(相互作用)withmicrobiota(微生物群).Microbiotacan“train”ourbodiesandstopusfromgettingallergies.Ourbodieshavefewerchancestogetclosetomicrobiotathesedays.Weliveincleanerhomes.Westayindoorsforlongerhours.Doctorsareusingmoreantibiotics(抗生素)onusaschildren—antibioticskillmicrobiota.Scientistssayit’sagoodideaforbabiestoeatmanydifferentkindsoffoodssothattheycanbuilduptolerance(耐受)intheirearlyyears.Havingapetcatordogcanalsostopthedevelopmentofallergies.1．Whatmayhappenwhenpeoplehavefoodallergies,accordingtothepassage?A．Theymayloseweight. B．Theymaygethungryeasily.C．Theymaywanttothrowup. D．Theymayfeelthirstyallthetime.2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A．Microbiotacancauseallergies. B．Themoremicrobiota,thebetter.C．Weshouldkeepawayfrommicrobiota. D．Wecangooutdoorstogetclosetomicrobiota.3．Inwhichpartofamagazinecouldyoufindthisarticle?A．Food B．Health C．Music D．Culture4．What’sthebesttitleofthisarticle?A．Astudyoffoodallergies. B．Microbiota.C．Whatcauseallergies? D．Howtopreventallergies?Passage2（2024·福建廈門·二模）Wukong,Tiangong,Tianwen...DoyouknowwherethenamesofChinesespaceprogramscomefrom?Wukong,theDarkMatterParticleExplorersatellite(暗物質(zhì)粒子探測(cè)衛(wèi)星),isnamedafteraChinesesuperherotheMonkeyKing.AccordingtoJourneytotheWest,theMonkeyKinghasapairofsharp(銳利的)eyeswhichcantellthedifferencebetweengoodandevil.TheWukongsatelliteisjustassharp-eyedastheMonkeyKingtohelpscientistssearchfordarkmatterinspace.Thenameofthespacestation,Tiangong,means“HeavenlyPalace”.InChinesemyths(神話),thisisthehomeofTianDi.NowTiangongSpaceStationisahomeforChineseastronautsinspace.AndChinawelcomesforeignastronautstoTiangongandthentheycanworktogetherinthefuture.Tianwen,China’sMarsmission(火星任務(wù)),getsitsnamefromthepoemTianwenbyQuYuan.QuYuanisawell-knownpoetfromancientChina.InTianwen,hehadthequestionsaboutthesky,stars,nature,mythsandtherealworld,showinghishungerfortruth.PerhapstheTianwenmissionwillendupansweringsomeofQuYuan’squestions.IfyoulookintomorenamesofChinesespaceprograms,youwillfindthattheyallhavebeautifulmeanings.We,theChinesepeople,havealong-cherished(珍藏已久的)spacedream.SothenamingofChinesespaceprogramsistakenveryseriously.5．Theunderlinedword“evil”means“________”.A．honesty B．badness C．kindness D．ugliness6．WhatdothesatelliteWukongandtheMonkeyKinghaveincommon?A．They’rebothsharp-eyed. B．They’rebothsuperheroes.C．Theybothhelpwithscientificstudies. D．Theybothhelpthegoodandpunishthebad.7．WhatisTiangongusedfor?A．It’susedforsearchingdarkmatter.B．It’susedtoexplore(探索)theMars.C．It’susedtosendastronautstothespace.D．It’susedasahomefortheastronautsinspace.8．WhereisthenameofChina’sMarsmissionsfrom?A．JourneytotheWest. B．ThehomeofTianDi.C．QuYuan’spoemTianwen. D．AncientChinesemyths.9．WetakethenamingofChinesespaceprogramsseriouslybecause________.A．wehaveadreamforspace B．wehavethehungerfortruthC．wearefondofbeautifulnames D．wewanttoprotecttheenvironmentPassage3（2024·湖南長沙·二模）HaveyouheardoftheMoserlamp?Itisalightbulb(燈泡)thatusesnoelectricity.ItwasinventedbyAlfredoMoser,aBrazilianengineer,anditbringslighttohomesandsmallbusinessesinsomeverypoorcountries.TheMoserlampismadeofaplasticbottlefilledwithwaterandalittlebleach(漂白劑).Itisfixedintoaroundholeinthetopofabuilding,sothattheupperpartappearsinthesunandthelowerparthangsdownintotheroom.Thesunshinefallsontheupperpartofthebottleandmakesthewaterproducelight,sothebottomofthebottleshineslikeanelectricbulb.Clearly,there’saweakpoint:Itdoesn’tworkatnight.Butinsomeverypoorandcrowdedareas,housesoftenhavesmallwindowsornoneatall.Evenduringtheday,theroomisdark.TheMoserlampiswidelyusedintheseareas.Thisideacameupbecauseofapowercut.Thatday,Moserandhisfriendstalkedabouthowtolivewithoutelectricity.Theyimaginediftheywerelostinthewild,howcouldtheygivethealarm?Onesuggestedusingalens(透鏡)tofocusthesunshineandstartafire.Iftheydidn’thavealens,theycouldfindaplasticbottlewithwater.Thiswouldactasalens.ThisideacameintoMoser’shead.Almostbyaccident,hedevelopedthelamp.NowMoser’slampisusedinaround15poorcountries.Ithaschangedthelivesofalargenumberofpeople.10．WhatdoweknowaboutAlfredoMoser?A．HeisaBrazilianengineer.B．Hewasborninapoorfamily. C．Heinventedthefirstlightbulb.11．WhatdoesthelightoftheMoserlampcomefromaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Thebleachintheplasticbottle. B．Thesunshineoutsidethehouse. C．Electricityfromapowerstation.12．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowMosergottheidea. B．WhyMoser’slampiswidelyused. C．WhatMoser’slampbringstopeople.13．Onwhichwebsitecanweprobablyreadthistext?A． B． C．Passage4（2024·河南周口·二模）ItistruethattimesarechangingfortheoldpeopleinChina.Butnotallchangesarebadones.Modernmedicine,forexample,hasmadeoldpeoplehealthierthaneverbefore.Anotheradvantageisthattherearemanymoreoldpeoplethanthereusedtobe,sooldpeopleoftenhaveagoodlifewiththeirownorganization.Finallytheyhavemoremoneythantheirownparentsandgrandparentshad.Thebiggestproblemfortheoldpeopleofmodernlife,however,isthattheyalwaysfeellonely.Theyoungleavehomewhentheygrowupandoldpeoplelivealone.Feweroldpeoplehavebrothersorsistersliketheirparentsandgrandparents.Anoldperson’soneortwochildrenmayhavemovedtoanotherpartofthecountry.Evenwhenlivenearby,theyoungpeoplehavetheirownworktodoandtheirownchildrentolookafter.Theydon’thavemuchtimefortheold.Problemsoflonelinessoftenstartwhentheystopworking.Whenpeopleretire(退休)theyfinditdifficulttostartanewlifewithouttheirjobs.Theworldhaschangedsofastsince1990thatitisdifficultforoldpeopletounderstandtheproblemsoftheyoung.Sowhattheoldexperiencedistotallydifferentfromtheirchildren.Andtheworldischangingevenfasterthesedaysthanfiftyyearsago.Itmakesyouthink,doesn’tit?Whatwillitbelikewhentoday’syoungpeopleareold?根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。14．Howmanygoodchangesfortheoldpeoplearementionedinthefirstparagraph?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.15．Whatisthebiggestproblemforoldpeopleinmodernlife?A．Health. B．Age. C．Money. D．Loneliness.16．Whyisitdifficultforoldpeopletounderstandtheproblemsoftheyoung?A．Becausetheyhavedifferentexperiences. B．Becausetheyhavedifferenteducation.C．Becausetheyhavedifferentcultures. D．Becausetheyhavedifferentlanguages.17．Whereisthetextmayfrom?A．AdailymagazineB．Aguidebook C．Asportsnewspaper D．Astorybook18．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．Theoldpeoplecanunderstandtheyoung. B．Theoldpeopleliveamuchbetterlifetoday.C．Thechangesmodernlifehasfortheoldpeople. D．Therearemanymoreoldpeoplethanthereusedtobe.Passage5（2024·遼寧·三模）ChinahasjustopeneditsFASTradiotelescope(射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡)tointernationalscientists.Itmeansscientistsacrosstheworldcanapplyforusingthetelescopetodoastronomicalobservations.FASTisshortforFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalradioTelescope.ItwascompletedinSeptember2016anditofficiallybeganoperatinginJanuary2020.Measuring500metersindiameter.FASTistheworld’slargestsingle-dishradiotelescope,andis10timesmoresensitivethanthe100-meterRadioTelescopeEffelsberginGermany.Themajorscientifictaskofthetelescopeistheobservationofpulsars(脈沖星).Thestudyofpulsarscanhelptoconfirmtheexistenceofgravitationalradiation(引力輻射)andblackholes,andhelpsolvemanyothermajorquestionsinphysics.AnothermajorscientificgoalofFASTistosearchforlifeoutsidetheEarth.Thetelescopeislocatedinanaturallydeepandroundkarstdepression(喀斯特洼地)insouthwestChina’sGuizhouProvince.Thefirstadvantageoftheselectedsiteisthealtitude(海拔).TheaveragealtitudeofGuizhouisabout1,100meters.Generally,thehigherthealtitude,themorethetelescopecanobserve.Secondly,theradiotelescopeneedstohavea“bigpan”toreceivebettersignals.Thehugenaturaldepressioncouldreducethedifficultyofconstruction.Moreover,theselectedsiteinGuizhouisfarawayfromcities,andhasalowpopulationdensity,whichreducestheinterference(干擾)causedbywirelessdevicessuchasTVs,mobilephonesandradiosfromhumanactivities.Sofar,FASThasfoundover300pulsars.Expertspredictthatthenumbercouldreach1,000infiveyearsandthatthetelescopecouldfindandlocatethefirstpulsaroutsidetheGalaxy.19．WhendidFASTstartworkingofficially?A．In2015. B．In2016. C．In2020. D．In2021.20．WhichofthefollowingisamaintaskofFAST?A．Tostudyblackholes. B．Toexplorethesun.C．Toobservepulsarsintheuniverse. D．Tosendsignalsintospace.21．Whatdoweknowfromthefourthparagraph?A．TheadvantagesoftheselectedsiteforFAST.B．GuizhouProvincehasthehighestaltitudeinChina.C．Thereasonsforusingmobilephonesless.D．FASTisbuiltinapan-shapeplacetokeeppeopleout.22．Howisparagraph4organized?（①=Part1,②=Part2,…） B． C． D．①②

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④Passage6（2024·廣東東莞·三模）Anewstudydiscoveredthatmoreconflicts(沖突)happenedbetweenhumansandanimalsbecauseoftheclimatechange.Forexample,intheArctic,withtherisingofthetemperature,iceislessthanbefore,soit’smoredifficultforpolarbears(北極熊)togetenoughfood.Asaresult,theyspendmoretimeonthelandandsometimesgointohumanvillages.Thiscanbedangerousbecausetheymighthurtpeople.Climatechangecanchangethehabitatsofanimals,likethelessseaiceforpolarbears.Thestudyalsofoundthatbecauseofclimatechange,animalsarechangingwhattheydoandwheretheygo.In2009,abaddrought(旱災(zāi))ineasternAfricadroveAfricanelephantstomoveclosertovillagesforfoodandwaterintheirfield.Theelephantsatetheirplantssosomepeoplepunishedandkilledelephants.“It’simportanttounderstandtheconnectionbetweenclimatechangeandhuman-animalconflicts.Itisnotonlyhelpfultoprotectanimals,butalsohelpspeoplestaysafe.Wearesharingthesameblueearth,”saidabiologyexpert.Buttheyareexamplesforus.Theexpertmentioned,“Bystudyingdifferentcases,wecanfindwaystoavoidconflicts.”Hethinksthegovernmentcangetreadyforterribleweathersotheycandealwithproblemsquickly.Forexample,Botswana’sgovernmentpaidfarmerswhenwildanimalsatetheirplantsorfarmanimalsbecauseofdrought.Inreturn,thefarmerspromisednottohurtorkillthewildanimals.23．Whatmakesitdifficultforpolarbearstofindfood?A．Seaiceisgettinglessandless. B．Thetemperatureistoohighforfishtolive.C．Humanscatchtoomanyfish. D．Therearetoomanyvillages.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“habitats”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Foodsthatanimalseat. B．Toolsthatanimalsuse.C．Placeswhereanimalslive. D．Buildingswherehumanslive.25．Whyisitimportanttounderstandtheconnectionbetweenclimatechangeandhuman-animalconflicts?A．Tomakeuseofweatherformorefood. B．Toprotectanimalsandmakehumanssafe.C．Tolethumanslivesafelyontheearth. D．Toshowthebeautyofnature.26．HowdidBotswana’sgovernmentavoidhuman-animalconflicts?A．Bymakingstrictrulesforkillingwildanimals.B．Bymovingwildanimalsawayfromhumanvillages.C．Byencouragingfarmerstoprotectplantsandanimals.D．Bygivingfarmersmoneywhentheylostplantsandfarmanimals.27．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheDangerforPolarBearsintheArcticB．TheConflictsBetweenHumansandAnimalsC．TheClimateChangeandHuman-animalConflictsD．AfricanElephantsinEasternAfricainaDroughtPassage7（2024·山東菏澤·三模）Couldyouimaginebeinginacardrivenbyacomputer,notahuman?Recently,Chinahasmadeabigsteptowardself-drivingtechnology.SinceAugust2022,driverlesstaxiscanrunonroadsinWuhan,ChongqingandShenzhen.Whydowedevelopself-drivingcars?Self-drivingcarsbringusmanybenefits.Theyusecomputerstosensethethingsaroundthemandmakebetteruseofspace.Thismeansfewertrafficjamsandbetterparkingofcars.Fordisabledorblindpeople,self-drivingcarscanalsohelpthemgetaroundmoreeasily.Accordingtoofficialstatistics,eachyear,morethan1.35millionpeoplearekilledonroadsaroundtheworld,andmoreareinjured.It’sreportedthatself-drivingcarscouldreduceroadaccidentsby90percentandsavegovernmentsalotofmoney.Themaincauseofcaraccidentsishumanerror(錯(cuò)誤).Byusingcomputers,self-drivingcarsdon’tmakepoordecisionsorlosefocuslikehumansdo.Butself-drivingcarsaren’tperfect.Ifsomethingunexpectedontheroadhappens,self-drivingcarscan’treact(反應(yīng))asfastasahumandrivercould.Also,duringweathereventslikeheavysnow,self-drivingcarswouldn’tseethelinesontheroadeasily.Itmightleadtoanaccident.Thecar’scomputersystemwouldbebrokenbysomeone,causingittocrashorchangeitsdirection.It’sclearthatthereisstillalongwaytogotomakeself-drivingcarsacommonandsafesight(景象)onourroads.AndChinaistakingtheleadinmakingthishappen,saidChinaDaily.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph3referto?A．Disabledpeople. B．Self-drivingcars. C．Taxidrivers.29．Whatdoweknowaboutself-drivingcars?A．Theycannotmakegooduseofspace.B．Theyalwaysreactfasterthanhumans.C．Theydonotlosefocuslikehumansdo.30．Wecaninfer(推斷)thatChina________inself-drivingtechnology.A．willmakegreaterprogressB．a(chǎn)idedmanyothercountriesC．isgoingtocutitstotalcosts31．What’sthepurposeofthispassage?A．Toencouragemorepeopletobuyself-drivingcars.B．Totellpeopleseveraladvantagesofself-drivingcars.C．Tointroducethepresentsituationofself-drivingcars.Passage8（2024·吉林長春·一模）①There’snothingquitelikefallingsoundasleepafterafulldayorwork.Likepeople,animalsneedtorestafterworkinghard.Someanimalssleepinwater.Othersdigholesundertheground.Someevensleephighintreesorunderleaves.Buttheyallfindawaytorest.②Someanimalsintheseasleepinstrangeways.Fishsleepwiththeireyesopen.Theyseemtolookaheadfarintotheseawhiletheyrest.Seaotterssometimessleepinbedsoftheplantsthatgrowinthesea.Thiskeepsthemfrommovingaway.Parrotfishblowsomethingfromtheirmouthswhentheyarereadytosleep.Thenabubble(氣泡)willbeformedaroundthem.Thebubbleprotectsthemfromharmwhiletheysleep.③Someanimalssleepundertheground.Chipmunks(花栗鼠)sleepcurledupinaball.Theirbedsaremadeofgrass.Inwinter,theysleepfortwoweeksbeforewakingupagain.Somedesertfrogsdigundergroundholesduringthehot,dryseason.Afrogmaystayinitsholeformonths.④Therearesomeanimalswhosleepintheair.Someseabirdscansleepwhiletheyfly.Theselargebirdsspendmostoftheirlivesovertheocean.Theyareindangeronthewater,buttheyaresafeintheair.Theyglideformanyhourswithoutflapping(拍打)theirwings.⑤Highabovetheground,monkeysfindleafyplacesintreeseacheveningbeforetheysleep.Thetalltreeshelptokeepmonkeyssafeduringthenight.Someinsectsevensleepundertheleafthatwillbetheirnextmeal.Abeemayclimbdownintoaflowertorest.Whenitclimbsoutthenextmorning,itisrestedandreadyforwork.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。32．Whatanimalsblowbubbleswhentheysleep?A．Seaotters. B．Monkeys. C．Desertfrogs. D．Parrotfish.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordglidemean?A．Singpeacefullyandsilently. B．Swimhappilyandskillfully.C．Dancebeautifullyandconfidently. D．Movesmoothlyandquietly.34．Whatdoesthelastparagraphismainlytalkabout?A．Theforestwheremonkeysleepsafely.B．Theanimalsthatsleepabovetheground.C．Thereasonwhybeesclimbdownintoflowers.D．Thewaysthatkeepanimalsawayfromdanger.35．What’stherightstructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofthetext?①Paragraph1

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⑤Paragraph5A． B．C． D．36．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Whereanimalslive? B．Whyanimalsmove?C．Howanimalssleep? D．Whatanimalsfeedon?Passage1（2024·廣東深圳·三模）In2019,Canadianswereadvisedtoacceptplant-basedproteinssuchasbeans,nutsandtofuinsteadofmeat.“Overthepastyears,we’veseenachangingfoodenvironmentwithmoreaccesstoplant-basedfood.Soit’snecessarytoexaminethenutritional(營養(yǎng)的)resultsofchildrenfollowingvegetarian(素食的)dietsinCanada,”saidDrJonathonMaguire,adoctoratSt.Michael’sHospitalofUnityHealthToronto.Researcherstested8,907childreninastudy.Thedatawerecollectedbetween2008and2019.Childrenweregroupedbytheirvegetarianstatus(狀態(tài))——definedasadietarypatternthatdoesn’tincludemeatornon-vegetarianstatus.Theresearchersfoundchildrenwhohadavegetariandiethadsimilarmeanbodymassindex(BMI),height,ironandvitaminDlevelstothosewhoatemeat.Buttheresearchersalsoshowedevidence(證據(jù))thatchildrenhavingavegetariandietwerenearlytwiceaslikelytobeunderweight.Therewasnoevidenceofaconnectionwithbeingoverweight.Beingunderweightmaybeasignthatthequalityofthechild’sdietdoesn’tmeethisorhernutritionalneedstosupportnormalgrowth.Forchildrenwhoeatavegetariandiet,theresearchersstressedaccesstohealthcareproviderswhocanprovidegrowthmonitoring,educationandguidancetosupportthechildren’sgrowthandnutritionalintake.Theplant-baseddietarypatternisrecognizedasahealthyeatingpatternbecauseofincreasedintakeoffruit,vegetables,wholegrainsandalowfatcontent.However,theresearchersdidn’tjudgethequalityofthevegetariandiets.Therearedifferenttypesofvegetariandiets,andachild’sgrowthandnutritionalintakemaybegreatlyaffectedbythediet’squality.Sofurtherresearchisneededtoexaminethequalityofvegetariandietsinchildhood,aswellasgrowthandnutritionalresultsamongchildrenfollowingavegetariandiet.1．WhatdoweknowaboutCanadians’diets?A．Plant-basedfoodcanbewidelyfound.B．Nutritionisthemostimportantincooking.C．Foodproductsaremoreaffordablethanbefore.D．Environmentally-friendlymaterialsareusedasfoodsources.2．Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudy?A．Vegetarianchildrenwerehealthierthanchildreneatingmeat.B．Children’snutritionalintakehadabigeffectontheirintelligence.C．Childreneatingmeatweremorelikelytobeabovenormalweight.D．Vegetarianchildrenweremorelikelytobebelownormalweight.3．Whatistheresearchers’adviceoncaringforvegetarianchildren?A．Teachingthemtocookbythemselves.B．Havingthemreceivemedicaltreatmentregularly.C．Askingforprofessionalguidanceonhealthydietsforthem.D．Creatingacomfortablediningenvironmentforthem.4．Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthestudy?A．Itisofnoimportance. B．Itneedstobefurthercarriedout.C．Itprovidesnewideasforotherstudies. D．Itneedstobemorescientificandpractical.5．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Itisgoodforchildrentohaveabalanceddiet.B．Canadianchildrenhavegotusedtheplant-baseddietarypattern.C．Vegetariandietsarehealthierandmorenutritiousthanmeat-baseddiets.D．Childrenwithavegetariandiethavesimilargrowthandnutritioncomparedtochildreneatingmeat.Passage2（2024·江蘇南京·二模）Haveyoueverseenaposterforaproductinaplaceyoudidn’texpect?Orhaveyoueverbeensurprisedbyagroupofstrangerswhosuddenlystartedsinginganddancingtogethertoadvertiseaservice?Peopleinadvertisingcallthis“guerrillamarketing”.It’satermthatdescribeslow-costandunusualmarketingstrategies(策略)thatcatchpeopleoffguard.Guerrillamarketingisdifferentfromtraditionalmarketingbecauseitdoesn’tusetypicalmarketingplatformslikeprint,TV,oronlineadvertising.It’salsoalotcheaper.Itwasfirstdesignedforsmallbusinesseswithlessmoney,butthesedaysmanylargecompaniesaretryingthiscleverandaffordablestrategy.Coca-Colaisonesuchcompany.Itonceplacedaspecialvendingmachineonacollegecampus.IfstudentsboughtabottleofCoca-Colafromthemachine,theygottwoextrabottlesfreeofchargetogivetotheirfriends.Sometimes,ahandcameoutofthemachineandgavecustomersflowersinsteadofanextradrink.Peoplelovedit!Coca-Colafilmedcustomersenjoyingthisspecial“happinessmachine”andpostedthevideoonline.Manypeoplewatchedthevideoandshareditwiththeirfriends,andthecompanyenjoyedfreepublicity.IKEA—oneoftheworld’slargestfurniturecompanies—alsogaveguerrillamarketingatry.Tocelebratethe30thanniversaryofitsmostpopularbookcase,IKEAdecidedtotrysomethingdifferent.ItteamedupwithacharitycalledtheAustralianLiteracyandNumeracyFoundationtosetuptheworld’slargestoutdoorlibrary.Thelocation?Onabeach!IKEAdisplayeditsbookcasesonSydney’sBondiBeachandfilledthemwithover6,000books.PeoplegottoseeIKEA’sbookcaseinuseandfindsomethinginterestingtoreadatthesametime.6．Whatisthewriter’spurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Todescribehowsuccessfulguerrillamarketingis.B．Toshowwhyguerrillamarketingissuccessful.C．Toshowwhenguerrillamarketingbegan.D．Toexplainwhatguerrillamarketingis.7．Theunderlinedphrase“offguard”means________.A．notspendingmuchmoneyB．doingsomethingunusualC．notexpectingasurpriseD．waitingforsomethingnew8．IKEAprobablychoseBondiBeachtoshowitsproductsbecause________.A．itwasafuturelocationforIKEA’sstoreB．itwasanunusualplacetoseebooksC．itwasnearapubliclibraryD．itwasnearanIKEAstore9．WhydoesthewritermentionCoca-ColaandIKEA?A．Theyarebothwell-knowncompaniesaroundtheworld.B．Theybothusetraditionalmarketingstrategies.C．Theybothspendalotinadvertisingtheirproducts.D．Theyarebothsuccessfulexamplesofguerrillamarketing.Passage3（2024·海南省直轄縣級(jí)單位·二模）MountQomolangmastandsastheworld’shighestmountain.Ataheightof8,849meters,itmustbefreeofplasticwaste,isn’tit?Theanswermightdisappointyou.In2020,scientistscollected11snowsamples(樣本)onMt.Qomolangma,startingfrom5,300metersallthewayuptoitstop.Theyfoundmicroplasticsinallofthem.ThesamplethathasthemostmicroplasticswascollectedaroundBaseCamp.Itistheplacewhereclimbersspendthemosttime.Scientiststhinkthemicroplasticscamefromtheclothing,tentsandropesthatwereusedbymountainclimbers.ThenewresearchwasledbyImogenNapper.“IhavealwaysconsideredMt.Qomolangmaapureplace,”shesaid.“Itreallysurprisedmetofindmicroplasticsineverysinglesnowsample.”In2018,plasticwasdiscoveredattheMarianaTrench,thedeepestpointonEarth.Itisnowclearthatnoplaceonourplanetissafefromplasticpollution.Millionsoftonsofplasticarethrownintothenaturalenvironmenteveryyear.Astimegoesby,plasticbreaksdownintomicroplastics.Microplasticislessthan5mminsize.Itistoosmalltobepickedup.Plasticwastecarriessomethingharmful.Wildanimalssufferastheymistakethewasteforfood.Peoplealsotakeinmicroplasticsthroughfoodandwater,andbreathethemin.Itisstillunknownhowmicroplasticsmayaffecthumanhealth.Nappersaiditwastimetocareforourplanet.Itwasimportanttoreduce,reuseandrecycleplasticwaste,sheadded.Besides,manymicroplasticscomefromclothingmadeusingunnaturalmaterials.Nappersaidafocusonbettermaterialswasneeded.Wheneverpossible,weshouldusenaturalmaterialssuchascotton.10．HowdidscientistsdoresearchonplasticpollutiononMt.Qomolangma?A．Byaskingtheclimbers.B．Bycollectingsnowsamples.C．Bycollectingplasticrubbish.11．Whywas“BaseCamp”mentionedintheresearchinParagraph2?A．ToexplainthemaincauseoftheplasticpollutiononMt.Qomolangma.B．TotellwhatpeopledidtostopplasticpollutiononMt.Qomolangma.C．ToshowhowserioustheplasticpollutionhadbeenonMt.Qomolangma.12．Intheunderlinedword“microplastics”,“micro-”probablymeans“______”.A．tiny B．natural C．man-made13．What’sthemainideaofParagraph5?A．Microplasticsarefoundeverywhereinthenature.B．Microplasticsdogreatharmtothenature.C．Howtoreducemicroplasticsinthenature.14．AccordingtoImogenNapper,whicharetherightwaystoreduceplasticwaste?①M(fèi)akefurniturewithwoodorbambooinsteadofplastic.②Buyclothingthatmadeofsilk,woolorcotton.③Throwawayeverythingmadeofplastic.④Inventmaterialsthatarefriendlytotheenvironment.A．①③④ B．②③④ C．①②④Passage4（2024·江西上饒·二模）ScientistsfromSpainandtheNetherlandsdidastudyanddiscoveredthatroadtrafficnoisenearschoolscouldcauseproblemsforchildren.Inthestudy,MariaForasterandherteamfromtheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealthworkedwith2,680childrenaged7-10at38schoolsinBarcelona,Spain.Theytestedthechildren’sthinkingandmemoryskillsbygivingthemfourcomputertestsoverayear.Theresearcherslookedatthenoisebothinsideandoutsidetheschools.Theyalsoestimated(估算)thenoiselevelsatthechildren’shomes.Airpollution,people’shomelocations,andotherrelatedfactors(相關(guān)因素)werealsoconsidered.Theresultsshowedthatchildreninnoisyschoolshadahardtimerememberingandpayingattentiontothingscomparedtochildreninquietschools.Whenchildrenwereinsidetheclassroom,changingtrafficnoisewasanevenbiggerproblemforthemthanjustloudtrafficnoise.Andnoconnectionwasfoundbetweennoiseathomeandchildren’slearningabilities.Onelimitation(限