鋼質(zhì)彈簧主要包括疊板彈簧、螺旋彈簧、環(huán)彈簧、抗側(cè)滾扭桿。Steelspringsmainlyincludelaminatedspring,coilspring,ringspring,anti-rolltorsionbar.第二節(jié)鋼彈簧SteelSpring疊板彈簧由一組長短不等的鋼板重疊而成，其受力近似等強度梁。簧板的中央用鋼箍加熱套上，待冷卻后緊密地將鋼板組成一體。按其結(jié)構(gòu)形狀分為弓形、橢圓形等。Thelaminatedspringiscomposedofagroupofshortsteelplatesoverlapping,anditsforceissimilartotheequalstrengthbeam.

Thecenterofthespringplateisheatedwithasteelhoop,andthesteelplateistightlyformedintoonebodyaftercooling.Accordingtoitsstructuralshapeisdividedintobow,ovalandsoon.（一）疊板彈簧laminatedspring101型轉(zhuǎn)向架102型轉(zhuǎn)向架彈簧呈螺旋狀，有圓柱型和圓錐形。Thespiralspringisspiral,cylindricalandconical.在鐵道車輛上通常采用簧條截面為圓形的圓柱壓縮螺旋彈簧，故又稱圓簧。常用的彈簧材質(zhì)有55SiMn和60SiMn兩種，這種硅錳彈簧鋼熱處理時有較高的淬透性，加熱時氧化皮較少，能獲得較好的表面質(zhì)量與較高的疲勞強度，而且與其他合金彈簧鋼相比價格低廉。Inrailwaycars,cylindricalcompressionhelicalspringwithcircularspringsectionisusuallyused,soitisalsocalledcircularspring.Commonlyusedspringmaterialsare55SiMnand60SiMn,thissiliconmanganesespringsteelheattreatmenthashigherhardenability,heatinglessoxide,canobtainbettersurfacequalityandhigherfatiguestrength,andcomparedwithotheralloyspringsteelpriceislow.（二）螺旋彈簧（圓簧）spiralspring（circularspring）制造彈簧時分冷卷與熱卷，車輛轉(zhuǎn)向架上采用的簧條直徑一般都比較粗，故多為熱卷。另外，制造時還要將簧條每端約有3/4圈的長度制成斜面，使彈簧卷成后，兩端成平面，以保證彈簧平穩(wěn)站力，并盡量減少偏載。兩端的3/4圈作為支持平面，稱為彈簧支持圈。Whenmakingsprings,itdividesintocoldcoilandhotcoil.Thespringroddiameterusedonthecarbogieisgenerallyrelativelythick,soitismostlyhotcoil.Duringmanufacturing,3/4lengthofeachendofthespringbarisalsomadeintoaninclinedplane,sothatafterthespringisrolledintoaplane,thetwoendsareflattoensurethatthespringisstableandthepartialloadisminimized.The3/4turnsatbothendsserveasthesupportplane,calledthespringsupportring.由多個具有錐面配合的彈性環(huán)組成的彈簧叫做環(huán)形彈簧，簡稱環(huán)彈簧。Thespringcomposedofapluralityofelasticringswithconicalcoordinationiscalledaringspring,referredtoasaringspring.1、結(jié)構(gòu)：內(nèi)環(huán)的外面和外環(huán)的內(nèi)面都做成V形錐面，組裝時，要求有一定的初壓縮力，以保證環(huán)彈簧錐面間的密貼配合。1.Structure:TheoutsideoftheinnerringoftheringspringandtheinnersurfaceoftheouterringaremadeintoaV-shapedcone.Whenassembling,acertaininitialcompressionforceisrequiredtoensuretheclosefitbetweentheconesoftheringspring.2、作用原理：當環(huán)彈簧受力壓縮時，由于內(nèi)、外環(huán)為錐面配合，受力后外環(huán)擴張，內(nèi)環(huán)縮小，產(chǎn)生軸向彈性變形，起到緩沖作用。2.Principleofaction:Whentheringspringiscompressedbyforce,becausetheinnerandouterringsareconical,theouterringexpandsandtheinnerringshrinksafterthestress,resultinginaxialelasticdeformationandplayingacushioningrole.與此同時，內(nèi)、外環(huán)錐面間有相對滑動，因摩擦而做功，從而使部分沖擊能量變?yōu)槟Σ凉Χ?。當外力去除后，各?nèi)、外環(huán)由于彈力而復原，此時同樣也要消耗部分沖擊能量。Atthesametime,theinnerandouterringtapersurfaceoftherelativesliding,duetofrictionandwork,sothatpartoftheimpactenergyintothefrictionworkanddisappear.Whentheexternalforceisremoved,theinnerandouterringsarerestoredduetoelasticity,whichalsoconsumespartoftheimpactenergy.（三）環(huán)彈簧Ringspring高速車輛為了改善垂向動力學性能克服轉(zhuǎn)向架的二系彈簧剛度較低而導致車輛在運動中的側(cè)滾幅度加大的缺點，從而增加舒適度，在轉(zhuǎn)向架中增設(shè)了抗側(cè)滾扭桿裝置。Inordertoimprovetheverticaldynamicperformanceofhigh-speedvehiclestoovercometheshortcomingsofthelowstiffnessofthesecondseriesspringofthebogie,whichleadstotheincreaseoftherollamplitudeofthevehicleinmotion,soastoincreasethecomfortlevel,theyaddtheanti-rolltorsionbardeviceintothebogie.杭側(cè)滾裝置由1根扭桿、2個扭臂、1個可調(diào)節(jié)連桿、1個固定連桿和2個支承座組成。Hangsiderollingdeviceiscomposedofonetorsionbar,twotorsionarms,oneadjustableconnectingrod,onefixedconnectingrodandtwosupportingseats.（四）抗側(cè)滾扭桿anti-rolltorsionbardevice(1)扭桿與扭臂的連接采用圓錐直齒漸開線花鍵連接及外加防松墊圈和圓螺母緊固，接能使扭桿與扭臂之間緊密無間隙，連桿便于安裝與拆卸。(1)torsionbarandtorsionarmconnectionusingconicalstraightteethinvolutesplineconnectionandtheadditionofanti-looseningwashersandnutstofasten,connectingthetorsionbarandtorsionarmclosetothegapbetweentherodandtheconnectingrodiseasytoinstallanddismantle.(2)在支承座中采用了自潤滑聚四氟纖維關(guān)節(jié)軸承，避免了因扭桿彎曲而影響軸承的壽命。(2)Aself-lubricatingPTFEfiberjointbearingisusedinthesupportseattoavoidthebearinglifebeingaffectedbytorsionbarbending.(3)連桿與扭臂及連桿與連桿座的連接均采用自潤滑聚四氟纖維桿端關(guān)節(jié)軸承。(3)Theconnectionbetweentheconnectingrodandthetorsionarmandtheconnectingrodandtheconnectingrodseatalladoptself-lubricatingPTFEfiberrodendjointbearings.(4)連桿采用單桿可調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，安裝時只需調(diào)節(jié)1根可調(diào)連桿的長度即可使平衡位置時拉不受扭矩的作用。(4)Theconnectingrodadoptssingle-rodadjustablestructure,wheninstalling,youonlyneedtoadjustthelengthof1adjustableconnectingrodtomakethebalancedpositionwhenpullingisnotsubjecttotheeffectoftorque.3.側(cè)滾扭桿裝置的設(shè)置位置Settingpositionofrolltorsionbardevice抗側(cè)滾扭桿裝置的作用特性，確定它應(yīng)設(shè)置在空氣彈簧中央彈簧)的上、下支撐部分之間。Theactioncharacteristicsoftheanti-rolltorsionbardevicedeterminethatitshouldbesetbetweentheupperandlowersupportportionsoftheairspringcenterspring).因轉(zhuǎn)向架結(jié)構(gòu)形式不同，它可以設(shè)置在搖枕與彈簧托梁之間，如設(shè)有搖動臺的209HS型和CW2C型客車轉(zhuǎn)向架，或者設(shè)置在揺枕與構(gòu)架之間，如采用無搖動臺206KP型和5W-160型客車轉(zhuǎn)向架，還可以設(shè)置在車體與構(gòu)架之間，如無心盤、無旁承，搖動臺裝置的高速客車轉(zhuǎn)向架。Becauseofthedifferentstructuralformsofthebogie,itcanbesetbetweenthebolsterandthespringjoist,orsetbetweenthebolsterandtheframe,andcanalsobesetbetweenthebodyandtheframe.Suchastheuseofnoshakingtable206KPtypeand5W-160typebusbogie,canalsobesetbetweenthebodyandframe,suchasnoc