專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答專題導(dǎo)讀真題典例新題預(yù)測返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答

說明文也是閱讀簡答題常見的體裁之一。把握說明文的語篇特征對理解文意與答題極為有利。說明文的常見寫作順序有：時間順序(指先后順序)，空間順序(從局部到整體、從上到下、從內(nèi)到外)，邏輯順序(前因后果、先果后因、先主后次)以及認(rèn)識順序(由此及彼、由淺入深、由具體到抽象、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì))。文章通常層次清晰，整體性強，易讀易懂。返回目錄專題導(dǎo)讀返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例[2021·湖南卷]“Let'stalk〞：thefreeadviceprojectAfewweeksago,ItookawalkaroundWashingtonSquarePark.Imetalltheusualpeople：streetperformers,thePigeonGuy,agroupofguitaristssinginginharmony.Butofftotheside,sittingonabenchwasawomandoingsomethingvastlydifferent—givingfreeadvice.Aweekortwolater,Isetupaninterviewwithherandwediscussedherprojectatlength.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例LisaPodell,32,startedtheFreeAdviceProjectthispastMay.Itbeganasanexperiment；shesatinWashingtonSquareParkforadaywithasignthatread“FreeAdvice〞asasimplewaytoreachouttopeople.Podellwasastonishedatthestrongresponse.Podelladmitsthatshewasdoubtfulatfirst,butnowshedescribestheprojectasmutually(相互地)beneficial.Peoplelearnfromher—butshealsolearnsfromthem.Shesaysthatthemajorityofthosewhocometoheraredealingwithsomeprettyheavyissues,andtheyexpecthernotonlytolisten,butalsoproviderealanswers.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例Havingworkedasafulltimeteacherandnowasanadolescentadvisor,Podellbelievesthattalkingthingsoutisimportantinthedecision-makingprocess.Sometimes,peoplewalkaroundallday,keepingtheirproblemsintheirownheadandthinkingabouttheminthesameway.Podellsimplytriestoprovidepeoplewithperspective.IaskedifthereisafutureplanfortheFreeAdviceProject.PodellsaidshewouldliketopromoteittoeachpublicspaceinNewYork,whichwouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例Itwastrulyinspiringtomeetsomeonewithsuchabigheart,especiallyinNewYork—whereitissometimesveryhardtofindanybodytolisten.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例1．InwhatwaywasPodelldifferentfromotherpeopleinthepark?(Nomorethan6words)______________________________________________2．WhatdopeopleinneedexpectPodelltodo?(Nomorethan10words)______________________________________________3．AccordingtoPodell,whatshouldpeopledowhenmakingdecisions?(Nomorethan6words)______________________________________________4．HowwouldPodellpromoteherprojectinNewYork?(Nomorethan15words)______________________________________________返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例[要點綜述]現(xiàn)代人大多非常繁忙，步行速度快，很難停下腳步來與人交流。但是LisaPodell卻創(chuàng)立了一種“免費建議工程〞來傾聽別人的心聲，給別人提出合理化的建議。1.Shewasgivingfreeadvice.信息查詢題?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)的直接理解和轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第一段最后一句破折號后的內(nèi)容givingfreeadvice轉(zhuǎn)換，并添加主語和系動詞。2.Theyexpecthertolistenandproviderealanswers.信息查詢題?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)的直接理解和轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“…theyexpecthernotonlytolisten,butalsoproviderealanswers.〞將notonly…butalso轉(zhuǎn)換成…and…即可。返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例3.Theyshouldtalkthingsout.信息查詢題?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)的直接理解和轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第五段的“…Podellbelievesthattalkingthingsoutisimportantinthedecision-makingprocess.〞直接轉(zhuǎn)換即可。4.Shewouldpromoteittoeachpublicspacewiththehelpofvolunteers.信息整合題?？疾樾畔⒌恼虾捅磉_(dá)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“…shewouldliketopromoteittoeachpublicspaceinNewYork,whichwouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity.〞可直接將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞短語withthehelpofvolunteers。返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測(一)Companionplantingistheideathatsomekindsofplantscanhelpeachothergrow.Plantsthatarecompatible(能共存的)togethergenerallyhavesimilarneedsintermsofnutrients,soilandmoisturelevels.Adviceaboutwhichplantsarecompatibleissometimesbasedmoreontraditionthanproof.Butexpertssaythereisevidencetosupportcertaincombinations.Thesecanimproveharvests,reducediseaseandhelpwithpestcontrolbyattractinghelpfulinsects.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測Forexample,somekindsofbacteriatakenitrogen(氮)fromtheairandmakeitintoaformthatplantscanuse.Theplantsholdthenitrogenintheirroots.Legumesareespeciallygoodatthisnitrogen-fixing.Thenanycropsthatsharethesamespacewiththelegumescangetthenitrogeneasily.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測Beansandpotatoescanalsoshareterritorywellbecausetheirrootsreachdifferentlevelsinthesoil.Deep-rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdowninthesoil,sotheydonotcompetewithplantswithshallowerroots.However,someplantsplacedtogethermayharmeachother'sdevelopment.Forexample,tomatoesdon'tlikewetsoilbutwatercress(西洋菜)does,soyouwouldprobablywanttokeepthemseparated.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測Somekindsofproduceshouldbekeptapartevenafterbeingharvested.Thisisbecauseofethylene(乙烯)gas.Ethyleneisaplanthormonethatcancausesomefoodstoripentooquickly.Applesreleaseethylenegas.Apricots,melonsandtomatoesalsoreleasealotofethylene.Somevegetablesareeasilyaffectedbyethylene,includingasparagus(蘆筍),broccoli,cabbageandcucumbers.Thisriskofripeningtoosooniswhymarketsoftenseparatehighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.Butifyouputanappleinabagwithagreenbanana,theethylenefromtheapplewillmakethebananareadytoeatsooner.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測1．Forwhatreasonscansomeplantsbecompatibletogether？(Nomorethan14words)_______________________________________________2．Whycanthecropsplantedwithlegumestogethergetthenitrogeneasily?(Nomorethan12words)_______________________________________________3．Whydon'tdeep-rootedvegetablescompetewithplantswithshallowerroots?(Nomorethan15words)_______________________________________________4．Howtoreducetheriskofripeningtoosooninmarkets?(Nomorethan14words)_______________________________________________返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測[解析]1.Theygenerallyhavesimilarneedsintermsofnutrients,soilandmoisturelevels.根據(jù)第一段“Plantsthatarecompatible(能共存的)togethergenerallyhavesimilarneedsintermsofnutrients,soilandmoisturelevels.〞可判斷作答。2.Becauselegumesareespeciallygoodatthisnitrogen-fixing.根據(jù)第三段“Legumesareespeciallygoodatthisnitrogen-fixing.Thenanycropsthatsharethesamespacewiththelegumescangetthenitrogeneasily.〞可判斷作答。返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測3.Becausedeep-rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdowninthesoil.根據(jù)第四段“Deep-rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdowninthesoil,sotheydonotcompetewithplantswithshallowerroots.〞可判斷作答。4.Byseparatinghighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.根據(jù)第五段“Thisriskofripeningtoosooniswhymarketsoftenseparatehighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.〞可判斷作答。返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測(二)Theysaymoneydoesn'tgrowontrees.Butthestrangephenomenonofoldtreeswithcoinsembedded(嵌入)allovertheirbarkhasbeenspottedontrailsfromthePeakDistricttotheScottishHighlandsintheUK.Thecoinsareusuallyknockedintotreetrunksusingstonesbypassers-by,whohopeitwillbringthemgoodfortune.Thetraditionofmakingofferingstodeities(神明)atwishingtreesdatesbacktohundredsofyears,butthiscombinationoftheman-madeandthenaturalisfarmorerare.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測Itusedtobebelievedthatdivinespirits(神靈)livedintrees,andtheywereoftendecoratedwithsweetsandgifts—asisstilldonetodayatChristmas.ThereareseventreetrunkswithcoinspushedintotheminthebeautifulvillageofPortmeirion,inWales.MeurigJones,amanageratthetouristdestination,toldtheBBC,“Wehadnoideawhyitwasbeingdonewhenwefirstnoticedthetreetrunkwasbeingfilledwithcoins.Ididsomedetectiveworkanddiscoveredthattreesweresometimesusedas‘wishingtrees’.InBritainitdatesbacktothe1700s—thereisonetreeinScotlandsomewherewhichapparentlyhasaflorin(弗羅林幣)stuckintoit.〞返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測Hesaidthatasickpersoncouldpressacoinintoatreeandhis/herillnesswouldgoaway.“Ifsomeonethentakesthecoinoutthough,it'ssaidthattheythenbecomeill.Wehaven'tpublicizeditatall;it'sjusthappened，〞headded.“It'squiteamazingreally.〞InScotland,thereisalsoalegendaboutakissingtree.Ifayoungmancoulddriveanailintoatreewithoneblow,heearnedakissfromhissweetheart.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測1．Whydopassers-bywanttoknockcoinsintotreetrunks？(Nomorethan9words)_______________________________________________2．Whydidpeopledecoratetreeswithsweetsandgiftsinancienttimes?(Nomorethan9words)_______________________________________________3．Whatwouldhappentoamanifhetookthecoinoutfromthetreetrunk?(Nomorethan5words)_______________________________________________4．AccordingtoalegendofScotland,whatwouldayoungmandoinordertogetkissedbyhissweetheart?(Nomorethan14words)_______________________________________________返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測[要點綜述]本文主要講述了在英國向樹干嵌入硬幣的方式仍然很受歡送，這是一種向上帝表達(dá)自己的愿望的做法。1.Becausetheybelieveit‘llbringthemgoodfortune.根據(jù)第二段“Thecoinsareusuallyknockedintotreetrunksusingstonesbypassers-by,whohopeitwillbringthemgoodfortune.〞可判斷作答。2.Becausetheybelieveddivinespiritslivedintrees.根據(jù)第四段“Itusedtobebelievedthatdivinespirits(神靈)livedintrees,andtheywereoftendecoratedwithsweetsandgifts—asisstilldonetodayatChristmas.〞可判斷作答。返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預(yù)測3.Hewouldbecomeill.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ifsomeonethentakesthecoinoutthough,it‘ssaidthattheythenbecomeill.〞可判斷作答。4.Hewouldtrytodriveanailintoatreewithoneblow.根據(jù)最后一段“InScotland,thereisalsoalegendaboutakissingtree.Ifayoungmancoulddriveanailintoatreewithoneblow,heearnedakissfromhissweetheart.〞可判斷作答。返回目錄

備用習(xí)題Chinesecuisine(菜肴)iswidelyknownandenjoyedintheworld.ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomof“tonicfood〞．Tonicfoodisthefoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveone'swell-being,orstaveoffsickness,particularlyattimeswhenoneismorelikelytofallill.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesame-oilhotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.返回目錄

備用習(xí)題Infact,somewesterntheoriesofhealtharesimilartothebeliefsinChinesetonicfood,althougheachtakesadifferentpathtowardstheverysamegoal.Westernmedicineactuallyrecommendssomeoftheexactsameingredientsthatmakeuptonicfoods.Sesameoilcanprovidelotsofcalories,andchickenmeatisparticularlyhighinprotein.AnyWesterndoctorshouldbehappytosuggestsuchaChinesedishafterchildbirth.返回目錄

備用習(xí)題Theelderly,weak,andyoungcanalsobenefitgreatlyfromtonicfoods,especiallyduringthewinter.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeatandspinach,areseenas“hot〞，whileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradish,areseenas“cold〞.Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither“hot〞or“cold〞food.However,howmuch“hot〞or“cold〞foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetimeoftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andtheindividual'shealth.返回目錄

備用習(xí)題“Warm〞or“cool〞tonicfoodsarestronglyrecommended.Thechoicesfor“warm〞and“cool〞foodsrangefromsimpleseacucumbertothedelicacyofbird'snestsoup,dependingontheindividual'seconomiccircumstances.Theconceptoftonicfoodisfarfromlosingcredibility,eitherwithWesternersorpractitionersofmodernmedicine.Forexample,upuntiltwoyearsago,tonicfoodswereaddedtothemealsservedatarenownedhospital.返回目錄

備用習(xí)題1.WhatattitudedotheyoungintheEastholdtowards“tonicfood〞？(Nomorethan5words)_________________________________________