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Unit5單詞講義

halfway

詞性:副詞

中文意思:一半地,中間地

英文釋義:tooratapointthatisequidistantbetweentwoplaces

詞源:來自古英語“hafweg”,意為“半路”

例句:We'reonlyhalfwaythere,westillhavealongwaytogo.

固定搭配:halfwaythrough(中途)

近義詞:median,midway

dramatically

詞性:副詞

中文意思:戲劇性地,引人注口地

英文釋義:inadramaticmanner;inawaythatattractsattention

詞源:來自希臘語"drama”,意為“戲劇”和“tikos”,意為“方式”或“風(fēng)格”

例J句:Thepany'sprofitshaveincreaseddramaticallythisyear.

固定搭配:dramaticallyimprove(顯著改善),dramaticallychange(顯著改變)

近義詞:remarkably,sthkingly,impressively

heritage

詞性:名詞

中文意思:遺產(chǎn),傳統(tǒng)

英文釋義:somethingthatispasseddownfromanancestororapreviousgenerationandis

consideredpartofafamily'shistoryorculture

詞源:來自中古英語“heritaige”,意為“繼承”或“遺傳”

彳列句:Itisimportanttopreserveourculturalheritageforfuturegenerations.

固定搭配:culturalheritage(文化遺產(chǎn)),naturalheritage(自然遺產(chǎn)),intangibleheritage(非

物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))

近義詞:legacy,tradition,inheritance

inhabitant

詞性:名詞

中文意思:居民,居住者

英文釋義:apersonwholivesinaparticularplaceorcountry

詞源:來自拉丁語“inhabitare”,意為“居住”

例句:Theinhabitantsoftheislandwerefriendlyandweling.

固定搭配:localinhabitants(當(dāng)?shù)鼐用瘢?,inhabitantrights(居民權(quán)利)

近義詞:resident,dweller,occupant

habitat

詞性:名詞

中文意思:棲息地,生活環(huán)境

英文釋義:thenaturalenvironmentinwhichananimalorplantlivesandgrows

詞源:來自拉丁語“habitati?!?,意為“居住”或“棲息”

仞I右J:Therainforestprovidesavitalhabitatformanyendangeredspecies.

固定搭配:naturalhabitat(自然棲息地),habitatdestruction(棲息地破壞),habitatrestoration

(棲息地恢復(fù))

近義詞:environment,hone,dwellingplace

subsequently

詞性:副詞

中文意思:隨后,后來

英文釋義:atalatertime;afterward

詞源:來自拉丁語subsequens,意為“跟隨在后面的”

例句:Shefailedtheexam,andsubsequentlydecidedtostudyharderforthenextone.

固定搭配:subsequentlyto(在…之后),subsequentevents(后續(xù)事件)

近義詞:afterwards,later,following

appelile

詞性:名詞

中文意思:食欲;胃口;興趣;欲望

英文釋義:thefeelingofwantingtoeatordrinksomething;astrongdesireorinterestin

something

詞源:來自拉丁語appetitus,意為“渴望”或“欲望”

I列句:Hehasanappetiteforadventure.

固定搭配:appetiteforpower(權(quán)力欲望),appetitefordestruction(破壞欲望),appetite

suppressant(抑制食欲的藥物)

近義詞:craving,desire,longing

multiply

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文意思:繁殖;增加;乘法運(yùn)算

英文釋義:toincreaseinnumberoramount;tocalculatetheproductoftwoormorenumbers

詞源:來自拉丁語multiplicare,意為“使多倍”

例句:Rabbitsmultiplyquickly.

固定搭配:multiplyby(乘以),multiplyup(成倍增力口),multiplyout(獷大到原來的倍數(shù))

近義詞:increase,expand,duplicate

vegetation

詞性:名詞

中文意思:植物;植被;草木

英文釋義:plantsgrowinginaparticulararea;plantsthatcoverthegroundinaforestor

woodland

詞源:來自拉丁語vegetabHis,意為“能生長的”

例右J:Thevegetationinthisregionisverydiverse.

固定搭配:forestvegetation(森林植被),aquaticvegetation(水生植物),desertvegetation

(沙漠植被)

近義詞:plants,foliage,greenery

erosion

詞性:名詞、動(dòng)詞

中文意思:侵蝕;腐蝕;削弱;消耗

英文釋義:theprocessofwearingawayorbeingwornawaybynaturalforces;theweakeningor

lossofsomethingovertime

詞源:來自拉丁語erodere,意為“侵蝕”或“磨損”

例句:Theriverbankwaserodedbytheconstantflowofwater.

固定搭配:soilerosion(土壤侵蝕),erosioncontrol(侵蝕控制),erosionrate(侵蝕速率)

近義詞:wearaway,corrosion,deterioration

chaos

詞性:名詞

中文意思:混亂:無秩序;混沌狀態(tài)

英文釋義:astateofpletedisorderandconfusion;asituationinwhicheverythingseemstobe

wildanduncontrolled

詞源:來自古希臘語chaos,意為“混沌”或“無序”

例句:Thesuddenstormcausedchaosonthestreets.

固定搭配:chaostheory(混沌理論),economicchaos(經(jīng)濟(jì)混亂),chaosreigns(混亂統(tǒng)治)

conservation

詞性:名詞

中文意思:保護(hù),保存

英文釋義:theprotectionandpreservationofthenaturalenvironment,wildlife,andcultural

heritage

詞源:來自拉丁語“conservare”,意為“保持”或“保存”

例句:Thegovernmentismittedtotheconservationofournaturalresources.

固定搭配:conservationefforts(保護(hù)工作),conservationarea(自然保護(hù)區(qū)),conservation

ofenergy(節(jié)能)

近義詞:preservation,protection,maintenance

virus

詞性:名詞

中文意思:病毒

英文釋義:asmallinfectiousagentthatreplicatesonlyinsidethelivingcellsofanorganismand

causesdisease

詞源:來自拉丁語"virus”,意為“毒藥”或“毒液”

例臺(tái)J:Thefluviruscanspreadquicklythroughapopulation.

固定搭配:putervirus(計(jì)算機(jī)病毒),virusoutbreak(病毒爆發(fā)),virusprevention(病毒預(yù)

防)

近義詞:pathogen,germ,microbe

decrease

詞性:動(dòng)詞、名詞

中文意思:減少,降低

英文釋義:tobeesmallernsize,amount,ordegree;areductioninsize,amount,ordegree

詞源:來自拉丁語"decrescere",意為'‘減少"或“縮小”

例句:Thepany'sprofitsdecreasedby20%thisyear.

固定搭配:decreasein(在…方面的減少),decreaserate(減少速率),gradualdecrease(逐

漸減少)

近義詞:reduce,diminish,lower

trap

詞性:名詞、動(dòng)詞

中文意思:陷阱;誘捕;困住

英文釋義:adeviceforcatchingorholdingsomethingorsomeone;tocatchorholdsomethingor

someoneinadifficultsituation

詞源:來自古英語"trappan”,意為“捕捉”或“捕獲”

例句:Themousewascaughtinatrap.

固定搭配:tr叩door(活板門),trapset(陷阱設(shè)置),tr叩game(誘捕游戲)

近義詞:snare,snares,lure

departure

詞性:名詞

中文意思:離開;出發(fā);背離

英文釋義:theactofleavingaplace;thestartofajourrey;adeviationfromwhatisusualor

expected

詞源:來自拉丁語“departere”,意為“離開”或“出發(fā)”

例句:Ourdeparturetimeisat6amtomorrow.

固定搭配:deparluregdle(出發(fā)口),d叩arlurelounge(候機(jī)室),dpparlurelime(出發(fā)時(shí)

間)

近義詞:leave,exit,start

immunity

詞性:名詞

中文意思:免疫;豁免權(quán);免疫力

英文釋義:theabilitytoresistinfectionordisease;exemptionfrompunishmentorduty;thestate

ofbeingimmune

詞源:來自拉丁語"immunitas”,意為“免除”或“豁免”

1列句:Vaccinationprovidesimmunityagainstmanydiseases.

explode

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文意思:爆炸,爆發(fā)

英文釋義:toburstwithaloudnoise,tocausesomethingtoburstwithaloudnoise

詞源:來自拉丁語"explodere”,意為“驅(qū)逐,驅(qū)散”

例句:Thefireworksexplodedinthesky.

固定搭配:explodewithanger(勃然大怒),explodeinpopularity(迅速流行起來)

近義詞:burst,detonate,erupt

collapse

詞性:動(dòng)詞、名詞

中文意思:倒塌,崩潰,失敗

英文釋義:tofalldownorinsuddenly;tofailpletely;asuddenfallingdownorfailure

詞源:來自拉丁語“collapsare”,意為“倒塌,崩潰”

例句:Thebuildingcollapsedduringtheearthquake.

固定搭配:economiccollapse(經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰),collapseofamarriage(婚姻破裂),collapseunder

pressure(在壓力下崩潰)

近義詞:fall,breakdown,crumble

substantial

詞性:形容詞

中文意思:大量的,實(shí)質(zhì)的,堅(jiān)固的

英文釋義:largeindmounLors,ize;irnpurldnldndnecessdry;strungandfirrn

詞源:來自拉丁語"substantia”,意為“物質(zhì),實(shí)質(zhì)”

例句:Hemadeasubstantialcontributiontotheproject.

固定搭配:substantialevidence(實(shí)質(zhì)性證據(jù)),substantialchange(重大變化),substantial

improvement(顯著改善)

近義詞:significant,ample,solid

incident

詞性:名詞

中文意思:事件,事故,插曲

英文釋義:anevent,especiallyanunpleasantone;anoccurrencethathappensunexpectedly

詞源:來自拉丁語"incident”,意為“發(fā)生的事”

例句:Therewasaseriousincidentatthefactoryyesterday.

固定搭配:minorincident(小事件),majorincident(重大事件),incidencerate(發(fā)生率)

近義詞:occurrence,accident,episode

intervention

詞性:名詞、動(dòng)詞

中文意思:干預(yù),介入;干涉,調(diào)停

英文釋義:theactofinterferingorbeinginvolvedinasituation;theactionofgettinginvolvedin

adisputeorconflicttohelpresolveit

詞源:來自拉丁語"intervenire”,意為“介入,干涉”

例句:Thegovernmentdecidedtointerveneintheeconomytostabilizeprices.

固定搭配:humanitarianintervention(人道主義干預(yù)),militaryintervention(軍事干預(yù)),

peacekeepingintervention(維和干預(yù))

近義詞:interference,involvement,mediation

owe

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文意思:欠債,感激,把…歸因于

英文釋義:tohaveadebtorobligationtosomeone;tofeelgratitudetowardssomeone;to

attributesomethingtosomeoneorsomethingelse

詞源:來自古英語的gan”,意為“歸功于”或“屬于”

例句:IoweyouanapologyfurwhdlIsaidyeslerday.

postscript

詞性:名詞

中文意思:附言,后記

英文釋義:anoteaddedattheendofaletterordocument,usuallygivingadditionalinformation

詞源:post(后)+script(寫)

例句:I'lladdapostscripttomyemailbeforesendingit.

固定搭仃已:add/includeapostscript,typedpostscript

近義詞:appendix,addendum

pest

詞性:名詞

中文意思:害蟲,討厭的人或物

英文釋義:aninsect,animal,orplantthatdestroyscropsorfood;apersonorthingthatis

annoyingorharmful

詞源:來自古英語pest,意為“傷害”

例句:Thefarmersaretryingtogetridofthesepests.

固定搭配:pestsofallkinds,agriculturalpests,householdpests

近義詞:nuisance,annoyance,irritant

ecology

詞性:名詞

中文意思:生態(tài)學(xué),生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

英文釋義:thescientificstudyoftherelationshipsbetweenlivingorganismsandtheir

environment

詞源:來自希臘語oikos(房子)和logos(學(xué)科)

例4J:Ecologyisthestudyofhowplantsandanimalsinteractwitheachotherandtheir

environment.

固定搭配:ecologicalbalance,ecologicalsystem,ecologicalfootprint

近義詞:environmentalscience,environmentalstudies

dissolve

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文意思:溶解,解散,結(jié)束

英文釋義:to(causeto)beepartofaliquidbystirringorheating;tobreakup(agroupor

organization)officially

詞源:來自拉丁語dissolvee意為“打破,解開”

例句:Dissolvethesugarinthehotwater.Thepanywilldissolvenextmonth.

固定搭配:dissolveinwater,dissolveasubstance,dissolveapartnership

近義詞:melt,liquefy,disband

nutrient

詞性:名詞

中文意思:營養(yǎng)物,養(yǎng)分

英文釋義:anyofvarioussubstancesthatarenecessaryforthegrowthandmaintenanceoflifein

animalsandplants;asubstancethatprovidesnourishmenttothebody

詞源:來自拉丁語nutrire,意為“滋養(yǎng)”

例句:Plantsneednutrientslikenitrogenandphosphorustogrow.Milkisagoodsourceof

nutrientsforchildren.

固定搭配:nutrientrichfoods,essentialnutrients,tracenutrients

近義詞:vitamin,mineral,dietarysupplement

parison

詞性:名詞

中文意思:比較,對(duì)照

英文釋義:theactorprocessofparing

詞源:來自拉丁語parare,意為“與…相比較”

1列句:Inparisontolastyear,thepany'sprofitshaveincreasedby20%.

固定搭配:makeaparison,inparisonwith/to,beyondparison

近義詞:contrast,evaluation,assessment

visual

詞性:形容詞

中文意思:視覺的,看得見的

英文釋義:relatedtoorinvolvingsightorthesenseofsight

詞源:來自拉丁語visio,意為“看”

例句:Thevisudleffeclsinthemoviewerestunning.

固定搭配:visualarts,visualperception,visualdisplay

近義詞:optical,perceptual,opticallyperceptual

session

詞性:名詞

中文意思:會(huì)議,一段時(shí)間

英文釋義:aperiodoftimeduringwhichanactivitytakesplace

詞源:來自古法語session,意為“坐在一起”

(列句:Themeetingwillbeheldintheconferenceroomduringtheafternoonsession.

固定搭配:businesssession,legislativesession,studysession

近義詞:meeting,conference,gathering

herbal

詞性:形容詞

中文意思:草本植物的,草藥的

英文釋義:oforrelatingtoherbsorplantsusedformedicinalpurposes

詞源:來自古英語herba,意為“草”

例句:Ipreferherbalteatocoffee.

固定搭配:herbalmedicine,herbalsupplements,herbalremedies

近義詞:botanical,plantbased,natural

mysterious

詞性:形容詞

中文意思:神秘的,難以理解的

英文釋義:difficulttoexplainorunderstand;mysteriousorsecretive

詞源:來自拉丁語mysterium,意為“神秘的事物”

例句:Theoldmansionhadamysteriousatmosphere.

固定搭配:mysteriousdisappearance,mysteriousdeath,mysteriousphenomenon

近義詞:enigmatic,puzzlirg,obscure

status

詞性:名詞

中文意思:地位,身份,狀況

英文釋義:thesocidlrankorpobilioriofapersonorIhing;aperson'slegalorofficialpositionor

condition

詞源:來自拉丁語status,意為“狀態(tài)”

例句:Hisstatusasamillionairemadehimverypopularamonghisfriends.

固定搭酉己:socialstatus,employmentstatus,financialstatus

近義詞:position,standing,rank

criterion

詞性:名詞

中文意思:標(biāo)準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)則

英文釋義:astandardorprincipleonwhichajudgmentordecisioncanbebased

詞源:來自拉丁語criterium,意為“判斷的依據(jù)”

(列力J:Whatcriteriadoyouusetojudgethequalityofastudent'swork?

固定搭酉d:meetthecriteria,setahigh/lowcriterion,establishacriterion

近義詞:standard,measure,yardstick

prosper

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文意思:繁榮,成功

英文釋義:tobesuccessfulorflourishing;togrowinwealthorimportance

詞源:來自排丁語prospers,意為“幸運(yùn)的”

例句:Thepanyhasprosperedsinceitwasfoundedin1990.

固定搭酉己:prosperouseconomy,prosperousbusiness,prosperouslife

近義詞:thrive,succeed,flourish

rare

詞性:形容詞

中文意思:罕見的,珍貴的

英文釋義:notseen,heard,orfoundveryoften;unusualandvaluable

詞源:來自古法語rare,意為“稀有的”

例句:It'sraretoseeapandainthewildnowadays.

固定搭再己:raregem,rareopportunity,rarespecies

近義詞:unmon,scarce,unique

biolugical

詞性:形容詞

中文意思:生物學(xué)的,生物的

英文釋義:relatedtobiologyorlivingorganisms

詞源:來自希臘語bios(生命)和logos(學(xué)科)的組合,意為“生命的學(xué)科”

彳列句:Biologicalresearchisessentialforunderstandingthehumanbody.

固定搭配:biologicalclock,biologicalfather,biologicalmother

近義詞:lifescience,organic,natural

apparently

詞性:副詞

中文意思:顯然地,表面上

英文釋義:inawaythatseemstobetrueorobvious,butmaynotactuallybeso

詞源:來自拉丁語apparere,意為“出現(xiàn)”

例句:Apparently,hedidn'treceivemymessage.

固定搭配:apparentlytrue,apparentlyinnocent,apparentlyhappy

近義詞:clearly,ostensibly,superficially

vast

詞性:形容詞

中文意思:巨大的,廣闊狗

英文釋義:verylargeinsizeoramount;widerangingorextensive

詞源:來自古英語faest,意為“寬闊的”

例句:Thevastoceanstretchedoutbeforeusasfarastheeyecouldsee.

固定搭配:vastimprovement,vastmajority,vastterritory

近義詞:enormous,huge,expansive

altitude

詞性:名詞

中文意思:高度,海拔

英文釋義:theheightofanobjectoraplaceabovesealevel

詞源:來自拉丁語altitud。,意為“高度”

例句:Theairplanewasflyingatanaltitudeof30,000feet.

固定寸苔配:dlliludesickness,alliludepressure,alliludechamber

近義詞:elevation,height,peak

variation

詞性:名詞

中文意思:變化,變異

英文釋義:adifferencefromwhatisnormalorexpected;achangeinform,appearance,or

nature

詞源:來自拉丁語variati。,意為“變化”

(列句:Thereisagreatvariationinthetemperaturebetweendayandnight.

固定搭配:variationinprice,variationinopinion,geneticvariation

近義詞:difference,diversity,deviation

thrive

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文意思:繁榮,茁壯成長

英文釋義:togrowordevelopwell;tobesuccessfulorprosperous

詞源:來自古英語thryfan,意為“生長茂盛”

例句:Thebusinesshasbeenthrivingsinceitopenedlastyear.

固定搭配:thriveinanenvironment,thriveonpetition,thriveasateam

近義詞:flourish,succeed,prosper

fossil

詞性:名詞/形容詞

中文意思:化石,僵化的

英文釋義:theremainsorimpressionofaprehistoricorganismpreservedinpetrifiedform;

somethingthatisnolongerusefuloreffective

詞源:來自拉丁語fossilis:意為“硬化的”

例句:ThemuseumhadacollectionoffossilsfromtheJurassicperiod.(名詞)Thepany's

outdatedtechnologyisbeingafossil.(形容詞)

固定搭配:fossilfuel,fossilrecord,fossilizedremains

近義詞:remains,artifact,antiquated

floral

詞性:形容詞

中文意思:花的,植物的

英文釋義:relatedtoflowersorplants;havingapatternordesignresemblingflowers

詞源:來自拉丁語flos,意為“花”

例句:Sheworeafloraldresstothewedding.

固定搭配:floralarrangement,floralscent,floralprint

近義詞:botanical,vegetative,plantbased

vertebrate

詞性:名詞/形容詞

中文意思:脊椎動(dòng)物,有脊椎的

英文釋義:anyanimalwithabackboneorspinalcolumn;havingabackboneorspinalcolumn

詞源:來自拉丁語vertebratus,意為“有脊椎的”

例句:Dogsandcatsarebothmonhouseholdvertebrates.(名詞)Thevertebrategroupincludes

mammals,birds,reptiles,amphibians,andfish.。彩容id)

固定搭配:vertebratepaleontology,vertebratebiology,vertebrateecosystems

近義詞:backboned,spinal,bony

beehive

詞性:名詞

中文意思:蜂巢,蜂窩

英文釋義:astructureinwhichbeesliveandstorehoney

詞源:來自古英語beehlf,意為“蜂箱”

例句:Thebeekeepercarefullyopenedthebeehivetocollectth

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