A.EnglishB.Spanish

C.ItalianD.Portugese

14.TheauthorofAJournalofthePlagueYearwas

A.DiderotB.Fielding

C.SwiftD.Defoe

15.ThereisastrikingdifferenceofstylebetweenBachand

A.HaydnB.Handel

C.BeethovenD.Mozart

16.ThesloganoftheFrenchrevolutionwasliberty,anduniversalbrotherhood.

A.freedomB.humanity

C.equality.D.democracy

17.Beethoven'smarkedthebeginningof19thcenturyprogrammusic.

A.SymphonyNo.3B.SymphonyNo.5

C.SymphonyNo.6D.SymphonyNo.9

18.WhenNapoleoninvadedMoscow,hisarmywasdefeatedby

A.theRussianarmyB.shortageofsupply

C.illnessD.coldnessandhunger

19.wasconsideredbymanytobethegreatestofallAmericanpoets.

A.WaltWhitmanB.VirginiaWoolf

C.AllenGinsbergD.EzraPound

20.D.H.Lawrence'sworkwasachallengeto

A.symbolismB.conventionalmorality

C.Freud'spsychoanalysisD.modernism

第二部分非選擇題(共60分)

PARTTWO

ILInthefollowingparttherearetwocolumns.Thelefthandcolumnconsistsofalistofnames.Therighthand

columnconsistsofalistoftitles,namesoforganizations,worksorremarks.Matcheachnameinthelefthandcolumn

withcorrespondingtitle,organization,workorremarkintherighthandcolumnandputthenumberaorborcetc.on

theANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointeach)

21.Plato(a)schoolofAthens

22.St.Benedict(b)thefirstFrenchrealist

23.Raphael(c)TomJones

24.Descartes(d)GermanNobelPrizewinner

25.Fielding(e)theRepublic

26.JamesWatt(f)representativeofCubism

27.Flaubert(g)Norwegianplaywright

28.Ibsen(h)steamengine

29.ThomasMann(i)agreatmonk

30.Picasso(j)DiscourseonMethod

IIIGiveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20

points,2pointseach)

31.AccordingtoAristotle,howcouldpeopleachievehappiness

32.Whydowesaythattheyear27B.C.dividedthehistoryofRomeintotwoperiods

33.WhatwasthegreatestcontributionofCharlemagne

34.HowwillyoudefinetheReformationinthe16thcentury

35.WhatdidthePuritanprincipleemphasize

36.Whatdoesinduction-meantoBacon

37.Whatdidromanticmusicstress

38.AccordingtoMarxandEngels,howcouldSocialismberealised

39.Whatisthenoveltoanaturalist

40.WhatarethethreefunctionalpartsintowhichFreuddividedhumanpersonality

IVExplaineachofthefollowingtermsinEnglish.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETinaround40words.

(20points,5pointseach)

41.IndustrialRevolution

42.theCynies

43.theBeatGeneration

44.CharlesDickens

V.Writebetween100-120wordsonthefollowingtopicontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

45.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenHobbesandLockeon"socialcontract"

2010年10月高等教育自學(xué)考試北京市命題考試

歐洲文化入門試卷

第一部分選擇題(共40分2pointseach)

1.TheRomansconqueredGreecein.

A.146B.C.B.500B.C.

C.700B.C.D.1200B.C.

2.TheplaywrightwhocontributedgreatlytoGreektragicartwas

A.SophoclesB.AristophanesC.HerodotusD.Homer

3.ThegreatestofLatinpoetswas

A.HoraceB.VirgilC.HomerD.Cicero

4.DanielwastakenprisonertoafterthefallofJerusalem.

A.EgyptB.PersiaC.BabylonD.Assyria

5.Davidwas.

A.aHebrewkingB.theboywhokilledGoliath

C.themanwhomadeJerusalemthecapitalD.alloftheabove

6.Intheformativeperiodoffeudalism,thebishopswerethemselves

A.scholarsB.hermitsC.feudallordsD.knights

7.AsaresultoftheCrusades,luxuriesoftheEastpouredintotheWest.Theywerespices.

perfume,hand,wovencarpetsand.

A.teaB.ChinawareC.silkD.silverware

8.MartinLutherheldthatwasthesupremeauthority.

A.theChurchB.theBibleC.thePopeD.Jesus

9.OpheliaisacharacterinShakespeare9s.

A.HamletB.OthelloC.MacbethD.MerchantofVenice

10.TheReformationshatteredMedievalChurch'sstiflingcontroloverman.thuspavingthe

wayfor

A.economicdevelopmentB.freethinkingC.capitalismD.progress

11.GalileO,becauseherefusedtocompromise,wastriedby.

A.theCollegeofCardinalsB.theItaliancourt

C-theSpanishcourtD.theInquisition

12.ToNewton,spaceandtimeareabsolute,toEinstein,motionandspaceare.

A.relativeB.unlimitedC.infiniteD.limited

13."AModestProposal“waswrittenby.

A.DefoeB.SwiftC.DiderotD.Fielding

14.Shelleycalledpoets"theunacknowledgedlegislatorsoftheworld“inhis.

A.PrometheusunboundB.DefenceofPoetry

C.1yricsD.OdetotheWestWind

15.Schumannstoodasthetypicalexampleoftheinfluenceofuponmusic.

A.revolutionaryidealsB.philosophyC.literatureD.religion

16.AccordingtoDarwin,becomesamechanismforevolutionarychange.

A.naturalselectionB.processC.adaptationD.variation

17.Zolabelievedalmostblindly

A.SocialDarwinismB.UtopianSocialism

C.pragmatismD.scientificdeterminism

18.ThewriterwhodevotedhimselftothenovelofsocialconditioninEnglandinthe19thcen-

turywas.

A-Thomas.HardyB.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray

C-GeorgeEliotD.CharlesDickens

19.ThecontributionmadebyPierreandMarisCurieis.

A.thediscoveryofatomicnucleusB.thediscoveryofradium

C-thediscoveryofX-raysD.thediscoveryofrelativity

20.TotheNewNovelists,plot,action,narrative,ideasandanalysisofcharactersare

A.nolongerimportantB.stillveryimportant

C-ofequalimportanceD.noneoftheabove

第二部分非選擇題(共60分)

PARTTWO

II.Inthefollowingparttherearetwocolumns.Thelefthandcolumnconsistsofalistof

names.Therighthandcolumnconsistsofalistoftitles,namesoforganizations,

worksorremarks.Matcheachnameinthelefthandcolumnwithcorrespondingti-

de,organization9work,orremarkintherighthandcolumnandputthenumbera

orboreinthebracketontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointeach)

21.St.Jerome(a)“Thedieiscast.”

22.Schiller(b)LettresAnglaise

23.Keats(C)Mother

24.FrancoisRabelais(d)GargantuaandPantagruel

25.WaltWhitman(e)FathersandSons

26.ThomasHobbes(f)OdetoaNightingale

27.Corky(g)LeavesofGrass

28.Turgenev(h)theVulgate

29.JuliusCaesar(i)fbunderofmodemGermanliterature

30.Voltaire(j)authorofLeviathan

III.Giveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Writeyouranswerin

thecorrespondingspaceontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2pointseach)

31.WhicharethemostfamoustemplesinancientGreece

32.WhatdidHoracemeanwhenhesaid."CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive.'

33.WhywereChristianspersecutedundertheRomanEmpire

34.HOWshallwedefinetheCatholicChurch

35.WhatmadeItalyloseitssupremacyinworldtradeinthelate15thcentury

36.WhatwasHobbes'sviewofthenatureofman

37.WhatkindofanovelisLesMiserables7.

38.WhatdidKanttrytoreconcilein"CritiqueofPureReason"

39.WhydidliteraturebecomethevoiceofthepeopleinRussiainthe19thcentury

40.Whatarethemajorinterestsofnewnovelists

IV.ExplaineachofthefollowingtermsinEnglish.Writeyouranswerinthecorre

spendingspaceontheANSWERSHEETinaround40words.(20points,5points

each)

41.Plato'sandDemocritus9viewsoftheworld

42.Noah'sArk

43.JohnWyclif

44.MarkTwain

VWritebetween100-120wordsonthefollowingtopicinthecorrespondingspaceon

theANSWERSHEET(10points)

45.WhatistheroleofTurgenevinRussianliterature

2001年下半年北京市高等教育自學(xué)考試歐洲文化入門試卷

I.MultipleChoice(40%)

1.believedthatthehighestgoodinlifewaspleasure,freedomfrompainanderaotionalupheaval.

A.SophistsB.CynicsC.SkepticsD.Epicureans

2issaidtohavetoldthekingofSyracuse:"Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld."

A.ArchimedesB.AristotleC.PlatoD.Euclid

3.IncreasinglytroubledbytheinroadsofnortherntribessuchasGoths,theWestRomanEmpirefinallycollapsedin

A.395B.27C.1453D.476

4.TheCityofGodwaswrittenby—璃,themostimportantofalltheleadersofChristianthought.

A.JesusB.AugustineC.ThomasAquinasD.MartinLuther

5.wasapainter,asculptor,anarchitect,amusician,anengineer,andascientist-aRenaissancemaninthe

truesenseoftheword.

A.MichelangeloB.RaphaelC.ShakespeareD.daVinci

6.__________In_______,Cervantessatirizedaverypopulartypeofliteratureatthetime,theromanceofchivalry.

A.DonQuixote.B.HamletC.leviathan

D.TheLifeandSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe

7.Thebest-knownbookwrittenbyThomasMoreis,whichdescribesanidealnonChristianstatewhere

everybodylivesasimplelifeandsharesthegoodsincommon,possessesagoodknowledgeofLatin,fightsnowar

andenjoysfullfreedominreligiousbelief.

A.ThePraiseoftheFollyB.AsYouLikeIt

C.DivineComedyD.Utopia

8.,authorofPrince,isregardedas"fatherofpoliticalscience"intheWest.

A.MachiavelliB.Dante'C.BaconD.Locke

9.InTheRevolutionofHeavenlyOrbs,putforwardhistheorythatthesun,nottheearth,isthecenterofthe

universe.

A.KeplerB.GalileoC.NewtonD.Copernicus

10.Duringthecentury,themodemscientificmethodbegantotakeshape,whichemphasizedobservation

and"experimentationbeforeformulatingafinalexplanationorgeneralization.

A.18thB.15thC.16thD.17th

11.said,"Knowledgeispower."

A..IsaacNewtonB.FrancisBaconC.JohnLockeD.Marx

12.InFaust,drewonanimmensevarietyofculturalmaterial—theological,mythological,philosophical,

political,economic,scientific,aesthetic,musical,andliterary.

A.GoetheB.DefoeC.RousseauD.Byron

13.Whichofthefollowingisnotregardedasaromanticwriter

A.WordsworthB.ShelleyC.PushkinD.Balzac

14.ThemostfrequentthemesofRomanticismincludeallofthefollowingexcept.

A.thepowerofreasonB.individualfreedom

C.spontaneityD.loveofnature

15."Ifwintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind“istheendinglineof"OdetotheWestWind"by.

A.WordsworthB.Keats

C.PushkinD.Shelley

16.ThecomposerofSwanLakewas,ageniusinsymphonicmusic.

A.TchaikovskyB.Chopin

C.BeethovenD.Mozart

17.ThenaturalistschoolfoundedbyZolainlate19thcenturyintended—

A.toattacktheindustrialinjusticeandurbanevils

B.togivefullplaytotheimaginationofindividuals

C.toupholdtheclassicalvaluessuchasharmony,balance,proportionandretraint

D.todemonstratethelawofhumanconductbyascientificstudyof"asliceoflife"

18.WhichofthefollowingnovelswasnotwrittenbyTolstoy

A.ResurrectionB.WarandPeace

C.CrimeandPunishmentD.AnnaKarenina

19.Inhispoems,WaltWhitmansangpraisesofallofthefollowingvalueexcept.

A.democracyB.thedignityoftheindividual

C.theidyllicwayoflifeD.thebrotherhoodofman

20.Modernismwascharacterizedby.

A.aconsciousrejectionofestablishedrules,traditionsandconventions

B.theexplorationoftheinnerlifeoftheindividualandthepsychopathologyofhumanrelations

C.itsintenseinterestinthebizarre,themysterious,theunpredictableandtheformless

D.alloftheabove.

ILTrue-False(20%)

1.Onceeveryfiveyears,ancientGreekshadabigsportsfestivalonMountOlympus,whichmarkedthebeginningof

OlympicGames.

2.ThegreatestnamesinWesternphilosophyareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle,whowereactiveinAthensinthe6th

centuryA.D.

3.ThebodyofideastheGreekphilosophersexpressed,andthevarietyofquestionstheyraisedaboutthenatureofthe

worldandofhumanthought,knowledgeandconduct,nhavehadanabidinginterestforlatergenerations.

4.ChristianityremainedanobjectofoppressionthroughoutthehistoryofRomanEmpire.

5.DuringtheMedievaltimestherewasnocentralgovernmenttokeeptheorder;theonlyorganizationthatseemedto

uniteEuropewastheChristianchurch.

6.CalvinismstressedtheabsoluteauthorityoftheRomanCatholicchurch,holdingthatonlythoseespeciallyselected

byGodwillbesaved.

7.AccordingtoLocke,oncearepresentativeischosenbymajorityvote,hispowerisabsolute.

8.TheDeclarationoftheRightsofManwhichwasenactedbytheEnglishParliamentin1689establishedthe

supremacyoftheParliamentandputanendtodivinemonarchyinEngland.

9.Descartesbelievedthatthoughtwasthefoundationofallknowledgewhilethesensesmightdeceiveus.

10.IntheCritiqueofPureReason,Kantarguedthatknowledgeisthejointproductofbothsenseandreason.

.ExplaintheFollowingTerms.(25%)

1.PaxRomana

2.TheCrusades

3.Gothic

4.Reformation

5.SocialDarwinism

IV.AnswertheFollowingQuestion.(15%)

WhyisRenaissanceconsideredthedeparturefromtheMiddleAgesandthebeginningofmodernity

2004年歐洲文化入門試題

Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,four

suggestedanswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]aregiven.Choosetheonewhichbestcompletesthestatementor

answersthequestionbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheanswercard.(40points,2pointseach)

1.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutAristotle

A.InAristotlethegreathumanistandthegreatmanofsciencemeet.

B.AristotlefoundedtheschooloftheStoics.

C.AristotlewastutorofAlexander.

D.Aristotlewrotemanybooksonlogic,politics,poetry,rhetoricandothersubjects.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheRomanEmpire

A.TheRomanEmpirehadneverbeendivided.

B.TheRomanEmpirewasdividedintoEastandWestin395A.D.

C.TheRomanEmpirewaslatercalledByzantium.

D.TheRomanEmpirewasconqueredbytheTurksinthe15thcentury.

3.TheBiblehasbeenregardedas.

A.areligiousbookB.literature

C.recordofgreatmindsD.'alloftheabove

4.TheCatholicChurchshouldbecharacterizedas.

A.alooselyorganizedreligiousinstitution

B.ahighlycentralizedEuropeanorganization

C.ahighlycentralizedanddisciplinedinternationalorganization

D.ahighlycentralizedanddisciplinedwesternorganization.

5.TheCrusadeswerewarsbetween.

A.theArabsandtheChristianPilgrims

B.theTurksandtheChristiansinWesternEurope

C.theChristiansinWesternEuropeandtheMoslems

D.theArabsandtheTurks

6.St.ThomasAquinasdefendedinhisworks.

A.feudalhierarchyofsocietyB.divinepoweroffeudalrulers

C.thePope'ssupremacyoversecularrulersD.alloftheabove

7.ThemottoMontaigneputdownintheessayswas.

A.WhatdoIknow

B.IdoubtthereforeIthink.

C.Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.

D.Onlytostandoutofmylight.

8.VascodaGamawasaPortuguesenavigatorwho.

A.discoveredtheCapeofGoodHope

B.discoveredtheroutetoIndiaroundtheCapeofGoodHope

C.exploredthemouthoftheAmazon

D.wasthefirsttovisitCubaandHaiti

9.WhichofthefollowinglawswasdiscoveredbyNewton

A.l,awofinertia.B.Lawoffaltingbodies.

C.Lawof'relativity.D.Lawofuniversalgravitation.

10.InLocke*spoliticalphilosophy,thechiefreasonfortheinstitutionofcivilgovernmentwas

A.theprotectionofprivatepropertyB.theupholdingoffreethinking

C.theabolishmentoftheruleofthechurchD.regulationofeconomy

11.Whichofthefollowingis"nottrueaboutthedevelopmentsoftheIndustrialRevolution

A.Thesubstitutionofwaterpowerforhumanpower.

B.Theintroductionofmachine.

C.Thebeginningofthefactorysystem.

D.Thegrowthofmodemcapitalismandtheworkingclass.

12."Manisbornfree,andeverywhereheisinchains.nThisisaremarkmadeby.

A.VoltaireB.Rousseau

C.DiderotD.Moliere

13.Intheworksof.onecanseethespiritoftheAgeofReason.

A.HandelB.Haydn

C.BachD.Mozart

14.ThepoemofByron'sthatwastranslatedintoChineseattheturnofthe20thcentury

A.DonJuanB.DefenceofPoetry

C.OdetoaNightingaleD.IslesofGreece

15.Throughouthishis,Beethovenstruggledtopassonthroughhismusic.

A.thespiritoftheFrenchRevolutionB.thespiritofByronicheroes

C.ideasofamoralnatureD.thepraiseofnaturalbeauty

16..isconsideredtobethepoetofthepiano.

A.MozartB.Chopin

C.SchubertD.Schumann

17.WhichofthefollowingworkswasnotwrittenbyCharlesDickens

A.ATaleofTwoCities.B.TheMayorofCasterbridge.

C.DavidCopperfield.D.PickwickPapers.

18.TheauthoroftheshortstoryTheNecklacewas

A.O'HenryB.JackLondon

C.MarkTwainD.Maupassant

19.nTheapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd/Petalsonawet,blackbough."Theauthoroftheselineswas

A.WilliamFaulknerB.EzraPound

C.T.S.EliotD.WilliamButlerYeats

20..wasregardedasthegreatestRussianliteraryfigureofthe20thcentury.

A.SholokhovB.Tolstoy

C.ChekhovD.Gorky

第二部分非選擇題

Inthefollowingparttherearetwocolumns.Thelefthandcolumnconsistsofalistofnames.Therighthandcolumn

consistsofalistofrifles,namesoforganizationsorworks.Matcheachnameinthelefthandcolumnwith

correspondingtitleororganizationorworkintherighthandcolumnandputthenumberaorborcetc.inthebracket

ontheanswersheet.(10points,1pointeach)

21.Augustine()(a)lbtheLighthouse

22.Aristotle()(b)Ethics

23.Shakespeare()(c)KublaKhan

24.MarkTwain()(d)AHeroofOurTime

25.Titian()(e)Othello

26,VirginiaWoolf()(f)Meditations

27.Newton()(g)TheConfession

28.Coleridge()(h)theVenusofUrbino

29.Lermontov()(i)Lifeon,theMississippi

30.Descartes()(j)MathematicalPrinciplesPhilosohy

Giveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceonthe

answersheet.(20points,2pointseach)

31.WhatarethethreestylesinGreekarchitecture

32.WhatwasMarcusCiceronotedfor

33.WhatistheimportanceoftheMiddleAgesintermsofdevelopmentofculture

34.WhywasJanHuscondemnedtobeburntatstake

35.WhatisthetheoryputforwardbyCopernicusinhiswork“TheRevolutionoftheHeavenlyOrbs"

36.WhatisMontesquieu'sredefinitionoflaw

37.Whichcomposerrealizedthepossibilityoftheclarinetanduseditforsoloeffects

38.WhatnewliterarytheorywasputforwardintheprefaceofnLyricalBallads"

39.Whowascalledthe"father"ofpsychoanalysis

40.WhowastheAmericanpoetthatsettleddowninLondonandbecamealeadingfigureoftheImagistmovement

ExplaineachofthefollowingtermsinEnglish.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheetin

around40words.(20points,5pointseach)

41.LeonardodaVinci

42.ThomasHobbes'spoliticalthought

43.Enlightenment

44.BlackHumor

Writebetween100-120wordsonthefollowingtopicinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(10points)

45.WhatarethedistinctivefeaturesofRenaissanceart

2007年自學(xué)歐洲文化入門試題

1.Inthesecondhalfofthe4thcenturyB.C.,allGreecewasbroughtundertheruleof

______,KingofMacedon.

A.HomerB.Sophocles

C.AlexanderD.Alfred

2.InancientGreece,playswereperformedin______.

A.theatresB.open-airsportsground

C.privatehousesD.open-airtheatres

3.ThefirstemperoroftheRomanEmpirewas______.

A.ConstantineB.JuliusCaesar

C.OctaviuskD.Augustus

4.TheancestorsoftheJewsarecalledHebrewswhichmearr______.

A.wanderersB.travelers

C.tradersD.merchants

5.Isaiahwasa______.

A.ProphetB.kingofIsrael

C.sonofDavid'sD.Hebrewwriter

6.Thecenterofmedievallifeunderfeudalismwas______.

A.thefiefB,themanor

C.thechurchD.thecastle

10017歐洲文化入門試卷第1頁（共6頁）

7.Gothiccathedralswerenotedfortheir.

A.soaringtowersB.stainedglasswindows

C.life-likesculpturesD.alloftheabove

8.TheimpactofRenaissancewasmoststronglyfeltinEnglandinandphilosophy.

A.fineartsB.literature

C.dramaD.poetry

9.TheReformationbeganwiththepostingof95thesisby.

A.JohnWycliffB.MartinLuther

C.JanHusD.daVinci

10.Americawasnamedinhonourof.

A.BartholomeuDiasB.ChristopherColumbus

C.VascodaGamaD.AmerigoVespucci

11.Copernicuscametobeknownasfatherof.

A.modemastronomyB.anatomy

C.geographicaldiscoveriesD.thebook,TheStarryMessenger

12.Baconheldthatphilosophyshouldbekeptseparatefrom

A.realityB.politics

C.worldlymattersD.theology

13.TheIndustrialRevolutioninEnglandbeganwiththeinventionof.

A.textilemachinesB.thesteamengine

C.steamboatD.farmmachines

14.Theauthorofthesaying：”Idisapproveofwhatyousay,butIwilldefendtothedeathyour

righttosayit.Hwas.

A.MontesquieuB.JohnLocke

C.VoltaireD.Rousseau

15.Schubertwashistoricallymostimportantforhisbeautiful.

A.songsB.symphonies

C.pianosonatasD.violinsonatas

16.OneofthethemesofthebookLesMiserablesis.

A.loveoftheFrenchRepublicB.thetragedyofpoverty

C.hatredoftyrannyD.loveofhumanity

17.Socialism：UtopianandScientificwaswrittenby.

A.MarxB.Darwin

C.EngelsD.RobertOwen

18.DeadsoulsbydepictsmanyaspectsofRussiansociety.

A.PushkinB.Gogol

C.TurgenevD.Dostoevsky

19.Inthe19，hcentury,twoEuropeancountries,Italyand,achievedtheirunifica-

tion.

A.GermanyB.Spain

C.PolandD.Yugoslavia

20.Thepoetwhostudiedorientalpoetryandtranslatedanumberofpoemswas.

A.YeatsB.T.S.Eliot

C.EzraPoundD.Whitman

10017歐洲文化入門試卷第2頁（共6頁）

第二部分非選擇題（共60分）

PARTTWO

n.Inthefollowingparttherearetwocolumns.Thelefi

得分評卷人復(fù)查人handcolumnconsistsofalistofnames.Therighthand

columnconsistsofalistoftitles,namesoforganizationsJ

worksorremarks.Matcheachnameinthelefthandcol-j

umnwithcorrespondingtitle,organization,workorrej

markintherighthandcolumnandputthenumberaOJJ

borcetc.inthebracketonthetestpaper.(10points,1

pointeach)

21.Horace[](a)leaderoftheexodus

22.JohnCalvin[]