2020-2021學(xué)年北京市東城區(qū)高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷一、完形填空（共12小題；每小題1分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。OnafreezingJanuarymorning,JonnyBenjamin,thena20-year-oldcollegestudent,climbedontheedgeofWaterlooBridgeinLondon.Thatmorning,Jonny____1____fromamentalhealthhospital,wherehe’dbeendiagnosed(診斷)withaseveredisease.Heheadedstraighttothe____2____,convincedthathisdiseasewasalifesentence.Hundredsofpeoplepassedby.OnlyonemancalledNeilLaybourn,then25,____3____andquietlywalkedtoJonny’sside.“You’realright,man?Whyareyousittingonabridge?”AtfirstJonnywantedNeiltoleavehim____4____,butsomethinginNeil’scalm,down-to-earthmannertouchedhim.Jonnyfelt____5____,likehecouldtalktohim.“It’scoldhere.Whynothavesomecoffeeinawarmcafe?EverythingwillbeOK.”ForthefirsttimeafterthediagnosisJonnyfeltperhapsitreallymight.He____6____back.Thepolice,havingreceivedcallsfrompassers-by,werewaitingthere.Theyquicklyputhimintoapolicecar,____7____hewastopanicandjump.HelostsightofNeil,thepersonwho’dbroughthimhope.Jonnyendedupbackinhospital.Eventually,hewas____8____enoughtoreturntouniversityandfinishhisdegree.Overthenextsixyears,Jonnyoftenthoughtaboutthe____9____whohadtalkedhimround._____10_____tothankhiminperson,hepostedaFacebookmessagenicknamingthegoodmanMike.HisFind-Mikepostwas_____11_____millionsoftimesaroundtheworld,asfarasCanada.JonnywasoverexcitedwhenNeilcalledhimtwoweeksafterhispost.Theyhadareunion,finallyhavingthatcoffeetheyhadfirstplannedallthoseyearsago.“ManypeoplewalkedpastbutbecauseofNeil’s_____12_____andsympathy,I’velivedagoodlife.”Jonnysaid.1.A.called B.heard C.escaped D.recovered2.A.bridge B.hotel C.college D.clinic3.A.nervously B.bravely C.anxiously D.calmly4.A.out B.alone C.aside D.off5.A.passion B.happiness C.power D.faith6.A.walked B.climbed C.leaned D.returned7.A.incase B.nowthat C.sothat D.eventhough8.A.kind B.clever C.well D.old9.A.friend B.doctor C.stranger D.policeman10.A.Afraid B.Ashamed C.Surprised D.Eager11.A.shared B.praised C.opened D.published12.A.courage B.kindness C.patience D.devotion【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.D6.B7.A8.C9.C10.D11.A12.B【解析】【分析】本文為一篇記敘文。六年前，Jonny意欲輕生，被路過(guò)的好心人Neil救下。六年后，Jonny想要當(dāng)面感謝Neil，通過(guò)在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布消息最終找到了他?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那天早上，喬尼從精神病院逃了出來(lái)，他在那里被診斷出患有嚴(yán)重的疾病。A.called打電話；B.heard聽見；C.escaped逃離；D.recovered恢復(fù)。根據(jù)下文“Heheadedstraighttothe____2____”可知，Jonny從醫(yī)院逃了出來(lái)。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他徑直走向橋，確信他的疾病是終身監(jiān)禁。A.bridge橋；B.hotel旅館；C.college大學(xué)；D.clinic診所。根據(jù)上文“climbedontheedgeofWaterlooBridge”可知，Jonny從醫(yī)院出來(lái)后去了大橋處。故選A項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：只有一個(gè)當(dāng)時(shí)25歲叫尼爾·萊伯恩的男人，平靜地走到喬尼的身邊。A.nervously緊張地；B.bravely勇敢地；C.anxiously焦慮地；D.calmly冷靜地。根據(jù)“quietly”及下文“somethinginNeil’scalm”可知，Neil冷靜地走過(guò)去。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，喬尼希望尼爾不要打擾他，但尼爾冷靜、腳踏實(shí)地的態(tài)度觸動(dòng)了他。A.out出去；B.alone獨(dú)自；C.aside在旁邊；D.off離開。根據(jù)“AtfirstJonnywantedNeiltoleavehim____4____,butsomethinginNeil’scalm,down-to-earthmannertouchedhim.”可知，起初Jonny想讓Neil不要打擾他，leavesb.alone意思為：不打擾某人，固定短語(yǔ)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：?jiǎn)棠岣械搅诵湃?，好像他可以和他說(shuō)話。A.passion熱情；B.happiness開心；C.power能量；D.faith信任。根據(jù)“l(fā)ikehecouldtalktohim.”可知，Jonny感受到了信任。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他爬了回來(lái)。A.walked走路；B.climbed爬；C.leaned倚靠；D.returned返回。根據(jù)第一段“climbedontheedgeofWaterlooBridge”可知，Jonny從橋上爬了回來(lái)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：他們迅速把他放進(jìn)一輛警車?yán)?，以防他驚慌失措而跳下來(lái)。A.incase萬(wàn)一；B.nowthat既然；C.sothat因此；D.eventhough盡管。根據(jù)“Theyquicklyputhimintoapolicecar”可知，警察將Jonny放進(jìn)一輛警車?yán)?，以防他驚慌失措而跳出來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)。【8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，他恢復(fù)了健康，回到了大學(xué)，完成了學(xué)業(yè)。A.kind善良的；B.clever聰明的；C.well健康的；D.old年老的。根據(jù)“returntouniversityandfinishhisdegree”可知，Jonny恢復(fù)了健康。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來(lái)的六年里，喬尼經(jīng)常想起那個(gè)說(shuō)服他的陌生人。A.friend朋友；B.doctor醫(yī)生；C.stranger陌生人；D.policeman警察。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知，Neil路過(guò)幫助了Jonny，兩個(gè)人是陌生人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：渴望親自感謝他，他在Facebook上發(fā)了一條信息，給這位好人起名叫邁克。A.Afraid害怕的；B.Ashamed羞愧的；C.Surprised驚訝的；D.Eager渴望的。根據(jù)“hepostedaFacebookmessagenicknamingthegoodmanMike.”可知，Jonny渴望當(dāng)面感謝Neil。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的“找尋邁克”帖子在世界各地被分享了數(shù)百萬(wàn)次，遠(yuǎn)至加拿大。A.shared分享；B.praised表?yè)P(yáng)；C.opened打開；D.published發(fā)表。根據(jù)“asfarasCanada”可知，Jonny的帖子在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上被分享了很多次。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多人走了過(guò)去，但因?yàn)槟釥柕纳屏己屯?，我過(guò)得很好。A.courage勇氣；B.kindness善良；C.patience耐心；D.devotion奉獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)文章第二段“OnlyonemancalledNeilLaybourn,then25,____3____andquietlywalkedtoJonny’sside.”可知，在眾多行人中，只有Neil停了下來(lái)并與Jonny談心，他的舉動(dòng)救了Jonny的命，因此他是善良的。故選B項(xiàng)。二、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),33分）第一節(jié)（共12小題；每小題2分；共24分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIfyouarelookingforaplacetoeatinCalgary,you’vegotavarietyofchoices,likeItalian,Thai,Mexican,moderncomfortfood,andvegetariancuisine.Foranyonethatwantstonarrowdowntheirmust-eatlist,herearethebestrestaurantsinCalgary.ForeignConceptADDRESS:10111StSW,Calgary,ABT2R,CanadaPHONE:403-719-7289ForeignConceptisrunbyaward-winningchefDuncanLyandchefHyungjaeLim.ServingmodernAsiancuisine,thedishestaketheirinspirationfromLy’sVietnameserootsandLim’sKoreanbackground.Nomatterwhatyouorder,dishesalwaysemphasizeseasonalandlocalingredients（食材）.Boldflavorswon’tdisappointyouatForeignConcept!AlumniSandwichesADDRESS:72517AveSW,Calgary,ABT2S,CanadaPHONE.403-455-7257Thesimplesandwichisn’tsoordinaryanymoreatAlumniSandwiches.Theplaceisfriendlyandinviting,andtherearealwaysaround10sandwichflavoursavailable,sowhetheryou’reavegetarian,meateater,pickyeater,orpreparedforafancydinner,somethingonthemenuissuretoappealtoyou.Don’tmisstheCaesarsalad,madewithwhatevergreenshappentobeinseason.BowValleyRancheRestaurantADDRESS:15979BowBottomTrailSECalgary,ABT2J,CanadaPHONE:403-476-1311Ifit’sfinediningyou’relookingfor,BowValleyRancheRestaurantisoneofyourbestchoicesinCalgary.Thefoodisalwaysexcellentandthesettingisequallyimpressive.OnlyashortdrivefromCalgary’sdowntown,BowValleyputsemphasisonCanadianproduceandproteins,fromRockyMountaingamemeats（野味）toseasonalvegetables.RougeADDRESS:12408AveSE,Calgary,ABT2G,CanadaPHONE:403-531-2765Lessthanaten-minutedrivefromdowntown,Rougeisanaward-winningrestaurantsetinahistorichouseinCalgary’sInglewoodneighborhood.Themenuhereputsthefocusfirmlyonfresh,seasonalingredients,highlightingtheirnaturalbeauty.Manyofthoseingredientsaregrownintheon-sitegarden,makingthedishesevenmorespecial.13.AmanwholikesAsiancuisinemayprefertoeatat________.A.AlumniSandwiches B.RougeC.BowValleyRancheRestaurant D.ForeignConcept14.Accordingtothepassage,AlumniSandwiches________.A.providesfruitsaladsB.offersdifferentchoicesC.usesRockyD.issetinafriendlyhistorichouse15.Inwhatwayarethefourrestaurantssimilar?A.Theyuseseasonalingredients.B.Alltheirchefshavewonawards.C.Theyarenotfarfromdowntown.D.Theirsettingsareequallyfriendly.16.Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom________.A.afooddiary B.aresearchpaperC.anewsreport D.atravelbrochure【答案】13.D14.B15.A16.D【解析】【分析】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了加拿大城市卡爾加里的幾所最佳餐館的相關(guān)信息?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ForeignConcept中關(guān)鍵句“ServingmodernAsiancuisine,thedishestaketheirinspirationfromLy’sVietnameserootsandLim’sKoreanbackground.”（提供現(xiàn)代亞洲美食，菜肴的靈感來(lái)自于Ly的越南起源和Lim的韓國(guó)背景。）可知，一個(gè)喜歡亞洲菜的人可能會(huì)喜歡去ForeignConcept。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章AlumniSandwiches中關(guān)鍵句“Theplaceisfriendlyandinviting,andtherearealwaysaround10sandwichflavoursavailable,sowhetheryou’reavegetarian,meateater,pickyeater,orpreparedforafancydinner,somethingonthemenuissuretoappealtoyou.”（這個(gè)地方是友好和誘人的，總是有大約10個(gè)三明治口味的可用，所以無(wú)論你是一個(gè)素食者，肉食者，挑食者，或準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)華麗的晚餐，菜單上的東西一定會(huì)吸引你。）可知，AlumniSandwiches提供不同的選擇。故選B項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ForeignConcept中關(guān)鍵句“Nomatterwhatyouorder,dishesalwaysemphasizeseasonalandlocalingredients.”（無(wú)論你點(diǎn)什么菜，菜肴總是強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)季和當(dāng)?shù)氐氖巢摹＃?；AlumniSandwiches中關(guān)鍵句“Don’tmisstheCaesarsalad,madewithwhatevergreenshappentobeinseason.”（不要錯(cuò)過(guò)凱撒沙拉，它是用當(dāng)季的蔬菜做成的。）；BowValleyRancheRestaurant中關(guān)鍵句“OnlyashortdrivefromCalgary’sdowntown,BowValleyputsemphasisonCanadianproduceandproteins,fromRockyMountaingamemeatstoseasonalvegetables.”（距離卡爾加里市中心只有很短的車程，BowValley的重點(diǎn)是加拿大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和蛋白質(zhì)，從落基山野味肉到當(dāng)季蔬菜。）及Rouge中關(guān)鍵句“Themenuhereputsthefocusfirmlyonfresh,seasonalingredients,highlightingtheirnaturalbeauty.”（這里的菜單專注于新鮮、當(dāng)季的食材，突出其自然之美。）可知，四家餐館相似之處在于，它們都使用當(dāng)季食材。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“IfyouarelookingforaplacetoeatinCalgary,you’vegotavarietyofchoices,likeItalian,Thai,Mexican,moderncomfortfood,andvegetariancuisine.Foranyonethatwantstonarrowdowntheirmust-eatlist,herearethebestrestaurantsinCalgary.”（如果你想在卡爾加里找個(gè)地方吃飯，你有很多選擇，比如意大利菜、泰國(guó)菜、墨西哥菜、現(xiàn)代美食和素食。如果你想縮小自己的必吃清單，這里是卡爾加里最好的餐廳。）及下文對(duì)于餐廳的描述可知，本文是對(duì)于卡爾加里美食的介紹，最可能來(lái)源于旅游手冊(cè)。故選D項(xiàng)。BHuangDanian,thewell-knownChinesegeophysicist,wasbornin1958inGuangxi,China.Asakeenandablestudent,HuangwenttotheUKin1993tofurtherhisstudies.BythetimeHuangmovedbacktoChinain2008,hehadbeenlivingandworkingintheUKfor15years.Hehadagoodjobandalifethere,buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.Asoneoftheworld’sleadingexpertsindeepearthexplorationtechnology,Huangwasinvitedtoparticipateinthe“ThousandTalent”programme.HetookupapositionatJilinUniversity,Changchun.HuangwasnamedleadscientistonChina’sdeepearthexplorationprogramme,developingadvancedcamerasthatcanseethroughtheEarth’scrust(外殼)sothatitcanbeanalysedwithouthavingtodigintoit.Hesetupanadvancedlab,sometimespayingforequipmentwithhisownmoney.Somedescribedhimasa“l(fā)unatic”(a“madman”),butthispassionanddriveenabledHuangtopushforwardsChina’sdeepearthexplorationtechnologyintoaworld-leadingposition.Huang’sdevotioncontributedtoChina’slunarprobe(月球探測(cè)器)Yutubeinglandedonthemoonin2013andthelaunchofthespacecraftsShenzhou-11andTiangong-2in2016.Huang'shealthalsopaidthepriceforhiscommitmenttohiswork.Hebeganhavingfaintingfits(昏厥)in2012,butpaidthemlittleattention,statinghedidnothavetimetogotoseeadoctor—hisworkalwayscamefirst.InNovember2016,Huangfaintedandwastakentohospital,wherehewasdiagnosedwithcancer.Thediseasewassoadvancedthathehadjustacoupleofmonthstolive.Likethetruescientisthewas,Huangnevergaveup,butalwaystriedtopushforwards.Evenfromhishospitalbed,hecontinuedhiswork,writinglettersofreferenceforhiscolleaguesandreplyingtoquestionsfromhisstudents.HuangdiedinJanuary2017,agedjust58.Morethan800peopleattendedhisfuneraltocelebratealifethatburnedsobright,butwassoshort.17.HuangreturnedtoChinain2008because________.A.hedesiredtodevotehimselftohismotherlandB.the“ThousandTalent”programattractedhimC.JilinUniversityofferedhimatoppositionD.hewasn’tsatisfiedwiththelifeintheUK18.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.China’saerospacedevelopment.B.Huang’sworkingattitudeandstyle.C.Huang’sgreatcontributionstoChina.D.China’sdeepearthexplorationtechnology.19.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.TheworkingenvironmentcausedHuang’sdisease.B.Huangworkedcontinuouslydespitehispoorhealth.C.Huangwastakentohospitalafterhefaintedin2012.D.AlargesumofmoneywaspaidtotreatHuang’sillness.20.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeHuangDanian?A.Generousandhonest.B.Passionateandpatient.C.Modestandcourageous.D.Patrioticandcommitted.【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。介紹了中國(guó)著名地球物理學(xué)家黃大年的生平及他為祖國(guó)做出的貢獻(xiàn)?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Hehadagoodjobandalifethere,buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.（他在那里有一份很好的工作和生活，但他放棄了一切回到了家鄉(xiāng)，他的想法是他需要為他的國(guó)家做貢獻(xiàn)。）”可知，黃大年從英國(guó)回到祖國(guó)是渴望為國(guó)家的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Huang’sdevotioncontributedtoChina’slunarprobe(月球探測(cè)器)Yutubeinglandedonthemoonin2013andthelaunchofthespacecraftsShenzhou-11andTiangong-2in2016.（黃大年的貢獻(xiàn)包括2013年中國(guó)的月球探測(cè)器“玉兔”登陸月球，以及2016年神舟十一號(hào)和天宮二號(hào)飛船的發(fā)射。）”并結(jié)合全段內(nèi)容可知，他開發(fā)的先進(jìn)相機(jī)可以穿透地殼，這樣就可以在不深入地殼的情況下進(jìn)行分析。他建立了一個(gè)先進(jìn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，正是這種激情和動(dòng)力使黃大年把中國(guó)的深地探測(cè)技術(shù)推向了世界領(lǐng)先的地位。所以第三段主要講述黃大年對(duì)中國(guó)做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Hebeganhavingfaintingfits(昏厥)in2012,butpaidthemlittleattention,statinghedidnothavetimetogotoseeadoctor—hisworkalwayscamefirst.（在2012年他開始有暈厥發(fā)作，但很少注意，說(shuō)他沒有時(shí)間去看醫(yī)生——他的工作總是第一位的。）”及最后一段“Evenfromhishospitalbed,hecontinuedhiswork,writinglettersofreferenceforhiscolleaguesandreplyingtoquestionsfromhisstudents.（即使躺在病床上，他也繼續(xù)工作，為同事們寫推薦信，回答學(xué)生們的問題。）”可知，他雖然患病暈厥住院但仍堅(jiān)持工作。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Hehadagoodjobandalifethere,buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.Asoneoftheworld’sleadingexpertsindeepearthexplorationtechnology,Huangwasinvitedtoparticipateinthe“ThousandTalent”programme.（他在那里有一份很好的工作和生活，但他放棄了一切回到了家鄉(xiāng)，他的想法是他需要為他的國(guó)家做貢獻(xiàn)。）”可知，黃大年放棄英國(guó)的優(yōu)厚待遇回國(guó)為祖國(guó)發(fā)展盡力，他是愛國(guó)的。綜合最后兩段，他患重病仍堅(jiān)持工作，教導(dǎo)學(xué)生，可知他是敬業(yè)的。D項(xiàng)Patriotic（愛國(guó)的）committed（敬業(yè)的，盡心盡力的）非常準(zhǔn)確地形容黃大年。故選D項(xiàng)。CImproveCloudSecuritySensitivecustomerdatahasconstantlybeenfoundexposedoncloudserverswithoutpasswordprotection.Toeasetheproblem,databasesoftwaremakershavebeentryingtomakesecurityeasierforclouddatabasemanagers.AttheEnigmaConferenceinSanFrancisco,KennWhite,asecuritymanageratdatabasesoftwaremakerMongoDB,willdescribeanewtechnique,calledfieldlevelencryption,tomakedatasaferonthecloud.Fieldlevelencryptionworksbyscramblingdatabeforeit’ssenttoaclouddatabaseandrearrangingitinorderwhenthedataisneededforuse.Thepromiseoftheproductistoprotectthecontentsofaclouddatabase,evenifbadguysaccessit.MongoDB’snewfeaturecomesasmoreandmorecompaniesmoveuserdatatocloudservers,ratherthanruntheirowncostlydatacenters.Itwaspredictedthatcloudcomputingwouldbea$214billionindustrybytheendof2019.Thatwouldbeupmorethan17%from2018,whenitwas$182billion.Companieshaverushedtothecloudwithoutunderstandingallofthepossiblesecurityconsequences.Manycompanieshaveleftcountlessdatabasesexposed,revealingpersonaldata.Adatabasecontainingdetailsaboutwholivesin80millionUShouseholdswasleftunprotectedin2019,justlikethedataonFacebookusers.Databasemanagerswanttostoretheirdatainanunreadableform,buttheyalsowanttobeabletofindspecificpiecesofinformationinthedatabasewithasimplesearchterm.Forexample,someonemightwanttolookuphealthcarepatientsbytheirSocialSecuritynumbers,evenifthosenumbersarestoredasrandomcharacters.Tomakethispossible,fieldlevelencryptionletsdatabasemanagersencryptasearchtermontheirmachineandsendittothedatabaseasaquery.Thedatabasematchestheencryptedversionofthesearchtermwiththerecordit’sstoringandthensendsitbacktoyou.Thisapproachonlyworkswithspecifickindsofdata.Forexample,fieldlevelencryptionisn’tusefulforlongtextentries,likenotesinapatient’smedicalchart,becauseyoucan’tsearchforindividualwords.Still,fordatalikeaccountnumbers,passwordsandgovernmentIDnumbers,fieldlevelencryptionprotectsdataandmaintainsausabledatabase.Mostimportantly,Whitesaid,it’ssimpletosetup.Databasemanagersturnitonwithaone-timeconfigurationchangewhentheysetupthedatabase.“That’sreallypowerful,”hesaidinaninterview.21.Theunderlinedword“scrambling”inparagraph2probablymeans________.A.mixing B.collecting C.hiding D.storing22.Whatcanfieldlevelencryptiondo?A.SecurethesafetyofInternetpages. B.Protectfileswithauniquestyleofstorage.C.Stopbadguysfromaccessingthedatabase. D.Enablecompaniestostorefilesonthecloud.23.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ACompaniesshouldmoveuserdatatocloudservers.B.Cloudcomputingachieveda17%increasein2019.CCompaniesmaybeunawareoftherisksofthecloud.D.Nocompanieswerewillingtoruntheirowndatacenters.24.Theauthorwrotethepassagemainlyto________.A.presentsomefacts B.offersecurityadviceC.introduceatechnique D.recommendaproduct【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種名為“字段級(jí)加密”的新技術(shù)，該技術(shù)可以使云計(jì)算上的數(shù)據(jù)更加安全。文章說(shuō)明了云計(jì)算所存在的一些問題以及字段級(jí)加密這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)和工作原理?！?1題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“beforeit’ssenttoaclouddatabaseandrearrangingitinorderwhenthedataisneededforuse”可知，后文提到在需要使用數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)重新排列數(shù)據(jù)，說(shuō)明字段級(jí)加密的工作原理是在數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到云數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之前打亂數(shù)據(jù)，并在需要使用數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)重新排列數(shù)據(jù)，故畫線詞意思是“打亂，使混合”。A.mixing使混合；B.collecting收集；C.hiding隱藏；D.storing儲(chǔ)存。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thepromiseoftheproductistoprotectthecontentsofaclouddatabase,evenifbadguysaccessit.(該產(chǎn)品的承諾是即使有壞人訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，也可以保護(hù)云數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的內(nèi)容)”可知，字段級(jí)加密能以獨(dú)特的存儲(chǔ)方式保護(hù)文件。故選B。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Companieshaverushedtothecloudwithoutunderstandingallofthepossiblesecurityconsequences.Manycompanieshaveleftcountlessdatabasesexposed,revealingpersonaldata.(企業(yè)在沒有了解所有可能的安全后果的情況下，就紛紛涌向云計(jì)算。許多公司暴露了無(wú)數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，泄露了個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù))”可推知，公司可能沒有意識(shí)到云計(jì)算的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“AttheEnigmaConferenceinSanFrancisco,KennWhite,asecuritymanageratdatabasesoftwaremakerMongoDB,willdescribeanewtechnique,calledfieldlevelencryption,tomakedatasaferonthecloud.(在舊金山舉行的Enigma會(huì)議上，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)軟件制造商MongoDB的安全經(jīng)理KennWhite將介紹一種名為“字段級(jí)加密”的新技術(shù)，該技術(shù)可以使云計(jì)算上的數(shù)據(jù)更加安全)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一種名為“字段級(jí)加密”的新技術(shù)，該技術(shù)可以使云計(jì)算上的數(shù)據(jù)更加安全。文章說(shuō)明了云計(jì)算所存在的一些問題以及字段級(jí)加密這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)和工作原理。可推知，作者寫這篇文章主要是為了介紹一項(xiàng)技術(shù)。故選C。第二節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題：第25題1分，第26，27題各2分，第28題4分；共9分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。FaceitInmuchofthewesternworld,governmentsnowrequirepeopletowearmaskswhentheyareincrowdedpublicspaces.Thatisgoodnews,formaskscouldbothsavelivesandallowpeopletogetbacktowork.Andtohelpeconomiesrestartsafely,governmentshouldrequirepeopletowearfacecoveringsincrowdedpublicspaces.Peoplethinkofmasksassomethingprotectingthemfromdirtythingsintheair.ButinthecaseofCOVID-19,theirmoreimportantjobistoprotectothersfromaninfectedwearer.Thatisbecauseofoneoftheunusualcharacteristicsofthisdisease:itseemslikelythatinfectionbypeoplewhohavenot,ornotyet,developedsymptoms(癥狀)makesupaboutathirdtoahalfofthecases.Soevenifeverybodywithsymptomsstaysathome,theviruswillstillspread.Masksblocktherespiratorydroplets(呼吸道飛沫)thatcarrythevirus,somakeriskysituationssafer.Therearesignsthatmaskingisuseful.Evenhome-madefacecoveringscanblockdroplets.Experimentsshowthatapieceofclothoverthemouthandfacecanblock60%ofdroplets—notasgoodasamedicalmask,butmuchbetterthannothing.EastAsiancountries’successincontrollingthediseasearguesinfavourofmasks.Wearingmaskstoprotectagainstpollutionordiseaseiscommonthere,sopeoplecoveredtheirfacesassoonastheywereinformedofCOVID-19.IntheWest,mask-wearingisalien.Andinallofthecountrieswheremask-wearingiscommonpractice,theepidemic(流行病)wasquicklycontrolled.Thisisnotunquestionableevidenceinfavourofmasks.Otherfactorsdistinguishthosemask-wearingcountriesfrombare-facedWesternnations:some,suchasChinaandSouthKorea,havestricttrack-and-tracesystemsandcarryoutmasscoronavirustesting.Yetthecombinationofthisnaturalglobalexperiment,laboratorystudiesandasymptomatictransmission(無(wú)癥狀傳播)suggeststhatmaskscanhelpkeeppeoplesafe.Lockdowndestroyseconomies.Socialdistancingdamagesthem.Maskscostnexttonothing.Theywillnotbythemselvesstopanepidemic.Hand-washing,track-and-tracesystemsandwidespreadtestingareallcrucial,too.Butmaskscandotheirbittoprotectpeopleandrebuildeconomies.25.WhatisthekeyjobofmasksinCOVID-19epidemicaccordingtothewriter?26.Pleaseparaphrasetheunderlinedsentenceinyourownwords.27.Pleaseunderlinetheinappropriatepartinthefollowingstatementandexplainwhy.Wearingmasksisimportantandisconsideredthedeterminingfactorinthefightagainsttheepidemic.28.PleasebrieflypresentwhatcanbedonetofightagainstCOVID-19.(about40words)【答案】25.Toprotectothersfromaninfectedwearer.26.IntheWest,mask-wearingisrare.27.Wearingmasksisimportantandisconsideredthedeterminingfactorinthefightagainsttheepidemic.Becausemaskswillnotbythemselvesstopanepidemic，protectothersfromaninfectedwearer.

28.Wearmasksandkeepasafedistancewithotherswhenweareincrowdedpublicspaces.

Washhandsespeciallywhenwecomehomefromoutside.

Carryouttrack-and-tracesystemsandwidespreadtestingarecrucialtoo.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了在新冠疫情背景下，戴口罩能有效的起到防護(hù)作用，各國(guó)對(duì)于佩戴口罩的不同做法，以及其他有效防止新冠疫情傳播的方式?！?5題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“ButinthecaseofCOVID-19,theirmoreimportantjobistoprotectothersfromaninfectedwearer.”（但就COVID-19而言，他們更重要的工作是保護(hù)其他人免受感染。）可知，新冠疫情期間，口罩的主要作用是保護(hù)其他人免受感染。故答案為Toprotectothersfromaninfectedwearer.【26題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的前兩句“EastAsiancountries’successincontrollingthediseasearguesinfavourofmasks.Wearingmaskstoprotectagainstpollutionordiseaseiscommonthere,sopeoplecoveredtheirfacesassoonastheywereinformedofCOVID-19.”（東亞國(guó)家在控制疾病方面的成功證明了戴口罩是有利的。在當(dāng)?shù)?，人們?jīng)常戴口罩，以防止污染和疾病，所以當(dāng)他們被告知新冠肺炎時(shí)，他們就會(huì)把臉遮起來(lái)。）結(jié)合劃線句子“IntheWest,mask-wearingisalien（在西方，戴面具是異類）”可知，此處把東西方戴口罩的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比，旨在說(shuō)明在西方國(guó)家，佩戴口罩是很罕見的。故答案為IntheWest,mask-wearingisrare.【27題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“ButinthecaseofCOVID-19,theirmoreimportantjobistoprotectothersfromaninfectedwearer.”（但就COVID-19而言，他們更重要的工作是保護(hù)其他人免受感染。）和最后一段的“Maskscostnexttonothing.Theywillnotbythemselvesstopanepidemic.Butmaskscandotheirbittoprotectpeopleandrebuildeconomies.”（口罩幾乎不花什么錢。它們本身無(wú)法阻止一場(chǎng)流行病。但口罩可以起到保護(hù)人民和重建經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用。）可知，口罩本身并不能抗擊疫情，它的作用是保護(hù)其他人免受感染。故答案為Wearingmasksisimportantandisconsideredthedeterminingfactorinthefightagainsttheepidemic.Becausemaskswillnotbythemselvesstopanepidemic，protectothersfromaninfectedwearer.【28題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Masksblocktherespiratorydropletsthatcarrythevirus,somakeriskysituationssafer.”（口罩可以阻止攜帶病毒的飛沫，因此使危險(xiǎn)的情況更安全。）以及最后一段的第六句“Hand-washing,track-and-tracesystemsandwidespreadtestingareallcrucial,too.”（洗手、追蹤系統(tǒng)和廣泛的檢測(cè)也都很重要。）可知，佩戴口罩，洗手，追蹤系統(tǒng)，廣泛的檢測(cè)都是重要的疫情防控措施。故答案為Wearmasksandkeepasafedistancewithotherswhenweareincrowdedpublicspaces.Washhandsespeciallywhenwecomehomefromoutside.Carryouttrack-and-tracesystemsandwidespreadtestingarecrucial,too.三、語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.Thegesturefor“OK”hasdifferent____29____(meaning)indifferentcultures.InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.InFrance,apersonencounteringanidenticalgesturemayinterpretitasmeaningzero.However,youshouldavoid____30____(make)thisgestureinBrazilandGermany,asit____31____(consider)impolite.【答案】29.meanings30.making31.isconsidered【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述肢體語(yǔ)言“OK”在不同國(guó)家所表達(dá)的意義不一樣?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在不同的文化中，“OK”的手勢(shì)有不同的意思。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式被“different”修飾，做“has”的賓語(yǔ)。故填meanings?！?0題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：然而，在巴西和德國(guó)，你要避免做這個(gè)手勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為是不禮貌的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查固定搭配“avoiddoing”表示“避免做某事”的意思。故填making?！?1題詳解】考查謂語(yǔ)。句意：同上。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查“as”引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)是“it”，所以be動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。故填isconsidered。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,____32____30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Aftershegraduated,she____33____(work)attheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearchers____34____(choose).Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,____35____malariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.【答案】32.on33.worked34.chosen35.where【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹中國(guó)科學(xué)家屠呦呦?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：屠呦呦，一位堅(jiān)定且有耐心的科學(xué)家，1930年12月30日出生于中國(guó)寧波，并且于1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查“在具體芙蓉某一天”對(duì)應(yīng)的介詞on。故填on?！?3題詳解】考查謂語(yǔ)。句意：畢業(yè)之后，她在北京的中國(guó)中醫(yī)研究院工作。根據(jù)“Aftershegraduated”可知，本句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填worked?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意：在1967年，中國(guó)政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊(duì)伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究員。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)，“choose”和被修飾的詞“researchers”之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。故填chosen。【35題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：開始的時(shí)候，屠呦呦去了海南研究瘧疾患者，那里瘧疾更常見。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是“Hainan”，在定語(yǔ)從句“malariawasmorecommon”中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故填where。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Todaywe____36____(use)chemicalsinalmosteverypartofourlives,hopingtomakelifefasterandmoreconvenient.____37____wearemostfamiliarwithmaybethechemicalweuseathometokillfliesandotherdisease-carryingpests.Farmersalsousetheminthesoil____38____(help)theirplantsgrowfastandbecomestrong.However,thediscoveryofnewwaystousechemicalshavebroughtproblemsaswellasbenefits.【答案】36.use37.What38.tohelp【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述我們現(xiàn)在的日常生活中一直在使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)?！?6題詳解】考查謂語(yǔ)。句意：今天，我們幾乎在生活中的每一部分都使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)，希望可以讓生活更快捷和方便。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)是“we”，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填use?！?7題詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們最熟悉的也許是我們?cè)诩依镉脕?lái)殺蒼蠅和其它攜帶疾病的昆蟲的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查主語(yǔ)從句，從句“wearemostfamiliarwith”中缺少介詞“with”的賓語(yǔ)，指物，“什么”的意思。故填What?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意：農(nóng)民們也在農(nóng)田里使用它來(lái)幫助他們的莊稼長(zhǎng)的快而強(qiáng)壯。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)“usethem”作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填help。四、選詞填空（共10小題；第39—44小題，每小題0.5分；第45—48題，每小題1分；共7分）A根據(jù)句意，選擇單詞或短語(yǔ)并以其適當(dāng)形式填空。involvethankstoavailablebreakdownovercomecomfort39.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llfindawayto________thedifficulty.40.________theworkofJohnSnow,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera.41.Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsand________barriers.42.Agoodteacherisableto________herstudentswhentheyareupset.43.Mr.Leachisonholidayandisnot________forthemoment.44.Itisbeneficialforteenagersto________themselvesinsocialactivitiesafterschool.【答案】39.overcome40.Thanksto41.breakdown42.comfort43.available44.involve【解析】【39題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：只要你不灰心，你就會(huì)找到克服困難的方法。分析句子可知，todo不定式作way的后置定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)difficulty（困難）可知，overcome（克服）符合題意。故填：overcome。【40題詳解】考查短語(yǔ)。句意：多虧約翰·斯諾的工作，我們現(xiàn)在知道如何預(yù)防霍亂。根據(jù)“wenowknowhowtopreventcholera”可知，多虧了JohnSnow的工作，我們現(xiàn)在知道