閱讀理解

1"TherearestoriesabouttwoU.S.presidents,AndrewJacksonandMartinVanBuren,whichattempttoexplainthe

AmericanEnglishtermOK.Wedon'tknowifeitherstoryistrue,buttheyarebothinteresting.

ThefirstexplanationisbasedonthefactthatPresidentJacksonhadverylittleeducation.Infact,hehaddifficultyin

readingandwriting.WhenimportantpaperscametoJackson,hetriedtoreadthemandthenhadhisassistantsexplainwhat

theysaid.Ifheapprovedofapaper,hewouldwrite”"aHcorrect””onit.Theproblemwasthathedidn*tknowhowtospell,

sowhathereallywrotewasn"olkorekt,H,.Afterawhile,heshortenedthattermto

ThesecondexplanationisbasedontheplacewherePresidentvanBurenwasbom,Kinderhook,NewYork.VanBuren's

friendsorganizedaclubtohelphimbecomePresident.TheycalledtheclubtheOldKinderhookClub,andanyonewho

supportedVanBurenwascalledn"OK,nn,"Theauthor___

A.believesbothofthestoriesB.doesn'tbelieveawordofthestories

C.isnotsurewhetherthestoriesaretrueD.istellingthestoriesjustfbrfun

Accordingtothepassage,PresidentJackson.

A.couldn*tdrawupanydocumentsatallB.didn'tliketoreadimportantpapersbyhimself

C.oftenhadhisassistantssigndocumentsfbrhimD.wasn'tgoodatreading,writingorspelling

Accordingtothefirststory,theterm.

A.wasapprovedofbyPresidentJacksonB.wasthetitleofsomeofficialdocuments

C.wasfirstusedbyPresidentJacksonD.wasanoldwaytospell,n,allcorrect"”

Accordingtothesecondstory,theterm"HOKnn___.

A.wastheshortwaytosay""OldKinderhookClub""B.meanttheplacewherePresidentVanBurenwasbom

C.wasthenameofvanBuren'sclubD.wasusedtocallVanBuren'ssupportersintheelection

Accordingtothesecondstory,theterm"MOK""wasfirstused___.

A.byvanBurenB.inapresidentialelection

C.toorganizetheOldKinderhookClubD.bythemembersofthe""OldKinderhookClub"”"

”C、D、C、D、B”

2"AlthoughtheUnitedStatescoverssomuchlandandthelandproducesfarmorefoodthanthepresentpopulation

needs,itspeoplearebynowalmostentirelyanurbansociety.Lessthanatenthofthepeoplearcengagedinagricultureand

forestry（林業(yè)），andmostoftherestliveinoraroundtowns,smallandlarge.Herethetraditionalpictureischanging:every

smalltownmaystillbeverylikeothersmalltowns,andthetypicalsmalltownmayrepresentawidelyacceptedviewofthe

country,butmostAmericansdonotliveinsmalltownsanymore.Halfthepopulationnowlivesinsomethirtymetropolitan

areas（largecitieswiththeirsuburbs）ofmorethanamillionpeopleeach-alargeproportionthaninGermanyorEngland,

letaloneFrance.Thestatistics（統(tǒng)計）ofurbanandruralpopulationshouldbetreatedwithcautionbecausesomanypeople

wholiveinareasclassifiedasruralbycartoworkinanearbytowneachday.Astherushtoliveoutoftowncontinues,rural

areaswithinreachoftownsaregraduallyfilledwithhouses,sothatitishardtosayatwhatmomentapieceofcountry

becomesasuburb.ButmoreandmorethetypicalAmericanlivesinametropolitanratherthanasmalltownenvironment."

"IfnowAmericahas250millionpeople,howmanyofthemareengagedinagricultureandforestry?

A.About25million.B.Morethan25million.C.Lessthan25million.D.Lessthan225million.

Whichofthefollowingfourcountrieshasthesmallestproportionofpeoplelivinginmetropolitanareas?

A.UnitedStates.B.Germany.C.France.D.England.

What'sthemeaningoftheword""metropolitan”"inthemiddleofthepassage?

A.Ofalargecitywithitssuburbs.B.Ofsmallandlargetowns.

C.Ofurbanareas.D.Ofruralareas.

Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutsmalltownsintheUnitedStates?

A.Mostsmalltownsbecomegraduallycrowded.B.Smalltownsarestillsimilartoeachother.

C.Asthetraditionalpictureischanging,townsaredifferent.D.Smalltownsareturningintolargecities.

Whyisithardtosaywhenapieceofcountrybecomesasuburb?

A.Becausetheyarethesame.B.Becausetherushtakesplacetooquickly.

C.Becausetheprocessisgradual.D.BecausemoreandmoreAmericansliveinmetropolitanareas.M

”C、C、A、B、C"

3"Ifwewereaskedexactlywhatweweredoingayearago,weshouldprobablyhavetosaythatwecouldnot

remember.Butifwehadkeptabookandhadwritteninitanaccountofwhatwedideachday,weshouldbeabletogivean

answertothequestion.

Itisthesameinhistory.Manythingshavebeenforgottenbecausewedonothaveanywrittenaccountofthem.

Sometimesmendidkeeparecordofthemostimportanthappeningsintheircountry,butoftenitwasdestroyedbyfireorina

war.Sometimestherewasneveranywrittenrecordatallbecausethepeopleofthattimeandplacedidnotknowhowto

write.Forexample,weknowagooddealaboutthepeoplewholivedinChina4,000yearsago,becausetheycouldwriteand

leavewrittenrecordsforthosewholivedafterthem.Butweknowalmostnothingaboutthepeoplewholivedeven200years

agoincentralAfrica,becausetheyhadnotlearnedtowrite.

Sometimes,ofcourse,evenifthepeoplecannotwrite,theymayknowsomethingofthepast.Theyhaveheardaboutit

fromolderpeople,andoftensongsanddancesandstorieshavebeenmadeaboutthemostimportanthappenings,andthese

havebeensungandactedandtoldfbrmanygenerations.Formostpeopleareproudtotellwhattheirfathersdidinthepast.

Thiswemaycall'rememberedhistory*.Someofithasnowbeenwrittendown.Itisnotsoexactorsovaluabletousas

writtenhistoryis,becausewordsaremuchmoreeasilychangedwhenusedagainandagaininspeechthanwhencopiedin

writing.Butwheretherearenowrittenrecords,suchspokenstoriesareoftenveryhelpful.H"Whichofthefollowingideas

isnotsuggestedinthepassage?

A.""Rememberedhistory""，comparedwithwrittenhistory,islessreliable.

B.Writtenrecordsofthepastplaythemostimportantroleinourlearningofthehumanhistory.

C.Awrittenaccountofourdailyactivitieshelpsustobeabletoanswermanyquestions.

D.Wheretherearenowrittenrecords,thereisnohistory.

WeknowverylittleaboutthecentralAfrica200yearsagobecause___.

A.therewasnothingworthbeingwrittendownatthattimeB.thepeoplethereignoredtheimportanceofkeepingarecord

C.thewrittenrecordswereperhapsdestroyedbyafireD.thepeopletheredidnotknowhowtowrite

n"Rememberedhistory"0refersto___.

A.historybasedonaperson'simaginationB.storiesofimportanthappeningspasseddownfrommouthtomouth

C.songsanddancesaboutthemostimportanteventsD.bothBandC

''"Rememberedhistory""isregardedasvaluableonlywhen___.

A.itiswrittendownB.nowrittenaccountisavailable

C.itprovestobetrueD.peopleareinterestedinit

Thepassagesuggeststhatwecouldhavelearnedmuchmoreaboutourpastthanwedonowiftheancientpeoplehad___.

A.keptawrittenrecordofeverypasteventB.notburnttheirwrittenrecordsinwars

C.toldexactstoriesofthemostimportanthappeningsD.mademoresongsanddances"

"D、D、D、B、A”

4"WhenMrs.JosephGroegerdiedrecentlyinVienna,Austria,peopleaskedtheobvious,,n,Whydidshelivetobe

107?""Answerswereprovidedbyasurveyconductedamong148Viennesemenandwomenwhohadreachedtheageof100.

Somewhatsurprisingwasthefactthatthemajorityhadlivedmostoftheirlivesincities.Inspiteofthecity'simageasan

unhealthyplace,citylivingoftenprovidesbenefitsthatcountrylivingcanlack.Onefactorseemstobeimportanttothe

longevity（長壽）ofthoseinterviewed.

Thisfactorisexercise.Inthecitiesitisoftenfastertowalkshortdistancesthantowaitforabus.Eventakingpublic

transportationoftenrequiressomewalking.Smallerapartmenthouseshavenoelevators（電梯），andsopeoplemustclimb

stairs.Citypeoplecanusuallywalktolocalsupermarkets.Sinceparkingspacesarehardtofind,thereisoftennoalternative

towalking.

Ontheotherhand,thosewholiveinthecountryandsuburbsdonothavetowalkeveryday.Infact,theoppositeis

oftentrue.Togotoschool,work,oralmostanywhereelse,theymustrideincarsJ"TheViennasurveymayhelptoexplain

A.thecomplaintsofpeopleinapartmenthousesB.thecauseofMrs.Groeger'sdeath

C.thelongevityofpeoplelikeMrs.GroegerD.theimageofcitiesingeneral

Thepurposeofthesecondparagraphistolistsome.A.benefitsofwalkingB.occasionsfbrwalkingincitylife

C.commentsmadebycitypeopleD.problemsofcityliving

Toreachthethirdfloorofabuilding,itwouldprobablybemosthealthful.

A.totaketheelevatorB.towalkupthestairsC.torideinacarD.tofindanalternativetowalking

Peoplewholiveinthecountryprobablydomoredrivingthanwalkingbecause___.

A.theydonrtlivenearbusinessareasB.theydon'tneedtheexercise

C.theyneverhaveparkingproblemsD.theycan'taffordtotakethebus

Aconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthispassageisthat.

A.airpollutionisnotseriousB.anyonecanlivetobe107

C.countrypeopleshouldmovetothecityD.walkingisahealthfulexercise"

”C、B、B、A、Dn

5"ForanyEnglishman,therecanneverbeanydiscussionastowhoistheworld'sgreatestdramatist（劇作家）.Only

onenamecanpossiblysuggestitselftohim:thatofWilliamShakespeare.EveryEnglishmanhassomeknowledge,however

slight,oftheworkofourgreatwriter.Allofususewords,phrasesandquotationsfromShakespeare^writingsthathave

becomepartofthecommonpropertyoftheEnglish-speakingpeople.Mostofthetimeweareprobablyunawareofthe

sourceofthewordsweused,ratherliketheoldladywhowastakentoseeaperfonnanceofHamletandcomplainedthatit

wasfullofwell-knownproverbsandquotations.

Shakespeare,moreperhapsthananyotherwriter,makesfulluseofthegreatrecoursesoftheEnglishlanguage.Mostof

ususeaboutfivethousandwordsinournormaluseofEnglish;Shakespeareinhisworksusedabouttwenty-fivethousand.

ThereisprobablynobetterwayforaforeignertoappreciatetherichnessandvarietyiftheEnglishlanguagethanby

studyingthevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareusedit.Suchastudyiswellworththeeffort（itisnot,ofcourse,

recommendedtobeginners）eventhoughsomeaspectsofEnglishusage,andthemeaningofmanywords,havechanged

sinceShakespeare'sday.”"Englishpeople.

A.haveneverdiscussedwhoistheworld*sgreatestdramatistB.neverdiscussanyissueconcerningtheworld'sgreatest

dramatistC.aresurewhoistheworld'sgreatestdramatistD.donotcarewhoistheworld'sgreatestpoetanddramatist

EveryEnglishmanknows.

A.moreorlessaboutShakespeareB.Shakespeare,butonlyslightly

C.allShakespeare'swritingsD.onlythenameofthegreatestEnglishwriter

Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Weuseallthewords,phrasesanquotationsfromShakespeareswritings.

B.Shakespeare'swritingshavebecomethepropertyofthosearelearningtospeakEnglish.

C.Itislikelytobetruethatpeopleoftendonotknowtheoriginsofthewordstheyuse.

D.AllthewordspeopleusearetakenfromthewritingsofShakespeare,

Whatdoestheword""Proverb”"mean?

A.FamiliarsayingsB.Shakespeare'splaysC.ComplaintsD.Actorsandactresses.

WhyisitworthwhiletostudythevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareusedEnglish?

A.EnglishwordshavechangedalotsinceShakespeare'stime.

B.BydoingsoonecanbefullyawareoftherichnessoftheEnglishlanguage.

C.EnglishwordsarenowbeingusedinthesamewayasinShakespeare^time.

D.BeginnersmayhavedifficultylearningsomeaspectsofEnglishusage.**

”C、A、C、A、B”

6"Treesareusefultomaninthreeveryimportantways:theyprovidehimwoodandotherproducts;theygivehim

shade;andtheyhelptopreventdrought（干旱）andfloods.

Unfortunately,inmanypartsoftheworld,manhasnotrealizedthatthethirdoftheseservicesisthemostimportant.In

hiseagernesstodrawquickprofitfromthetrees,hehascutthemdowninlargenumbers.

Twothousandyearsago,arichandpowerfulcountrycutdownitstreestobuildwarships,withwhichtogainitselfan

empire.Itgainedtheempirebut,withoutitstrees,itssoilbecamebareandpoor.Whentheempirefelltopieces,thecountry

founditselffacedbyfloodsandstarvation.

Evenwhereagovernmentrealizestheimportanceofaplentifulsupplyoftrees,itisdifficultsometimestomakethe

peoplerealizethis.Theycutdownthetreesbutaretoocarelesstoplantandlookafternewtrees.So,unlessthegovernment

hasagoodsystemofcontrol,orcaneducatethepeople,theforestsslowlydisappear.

Thisdoesnotonlymeanthattherewillbefewertrees.Theresultsareevenmoreserious:forwheretherearetrees,their

rootsbreakthesoilup,allowingtheraintosinkin,andalsobindthesoil.Thispreventsthesoilfrombeingwashedaway.

Butwheretherearenotrees,therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsawayonthesurface,andthiscausesfloodsandtherain

carriesawaytherichtopsoilinwhichcropsgrow.Whenallthetopsoilisgone,nothingremainsbutworthlessdesert."

"Treesareusefultomanmainlyinthreeways,mostimportantofwhichisthattheycan.

A.keephimfromthehotsunshineB.enablehimtobuildwarships

C.makehimdrawquickprofitfromthemD.protecthimfromdroughtsandfloods

Itisagreatpitythat.

A.manisonlyinterestedinbuildingempiresB.maniseagertoprofitfromtrees

C.manhasn'trealizedtheimportanceoftreestohim.D.manhasn'tfoundoutthathehaslostalltrees.

Soonerorlatertheforestswilldisappear.

A.unlessacountryhasaplentysupplyoftreesB.unlesspeoplestopcuttingdowntheirtrees

C.unlessallpeoplearetaughttheimportanceofplantingtrees

D.unlessthegovernmentpunishesthosewhocuttreesinsteadofplantingthem

Theword,'"bind,n,inParagraph5means,n,

A.towashawayB.tomakewetC.tomakestaytogetherD.toimprove

Whenthereisaheavyrain,treescanhelptopreventfloods,astheycan.

A.keeprainfromfallingdowntosoftgroundB.causethesoiltoallowrainwatertosinkin

C.preventthesoilfrombeingwashedawayD.makethetopsoilsticktogether”

"D、C、C、C、B"

7"Ifyoujudgebythenumberofpeoplewhogotoseethegamesandbythenumberofthosewhoactuallyplayit,

basketballisprobablythemostpopularsportintheUnitedStates.Itisalsoasportenjoyedbymillionsoffansinatleast100

countriesandoneofthebest-knownsportsintheworld.Itbeganin1891.

Dr.JamesA.Naismith,thefatherofbasketball,wasaninstructorataYMCA（YoungMen'sChristianAssociation）training

school.TheschooltrainedpeopletoworkinYMCAs.Officialsattheschoolwereconcernedaboutthelowattendance

duringthewintermonths.Theyfeltthatpeopledidn*tattendthembecausetheschooldidnothaveagoodwintersports

program.SotheyaskedDr.Naismithforhelp.Hecameupwithanewindoorgame.

Naismithstudiedcurrentgamesandfoundthatallthemostpopulargamesusedaball.Soaballwouldbepartofhisnew

game,hedecided.Butkickingtheballorhittingitwouldbetooroughforindoors.Soheputtwopeach（桃樹）basketsupon

poles.Theplayershadtotrytothrowasoccer（英式足球）ballintothem.Naismithmadethirteenrulesforthegame.Twelve

ofthemarestillinusetoday.Justsevenyearsafterthegamebegan,professionalbasketballteamswereformed.""What's

themainideaofthepassage?

A.Americansarefansofbasketball.B.Basketballisanindoorgame.

C.Howbasketballwasborn.D.Howtoplaybasketball.

Thereasonwhypeopledidn'tliketogotothetrainingschoolinwinteristhat.

A.itwastoocoldtoplayoutdoorgamesB.theschooldidn*thaveenoughgyms

C.thegyminstructorswerenotqualifiedD.theschooldidn*thaveanappropriatewintergame

Dr.Naismithdesignedthenewindoorgamebasketballonlybecause.

A.hepreferredathleticsportsinwinterB.Hewasinterestedinmakingsomethingnew

C.hewasaskedtosolvetheproblemofthelowattendanceinwinterD.hewasjuststudyingthecurrentgamesatthattime

HowmanyrulesthatDrNaismithmadearestillinuse?

A.13B.12C.7D.6

Professionalbasketballteamswereformedin.

A.1891B.1898C.1904D.1903”

”C、D、C、B、B"

8"Theintelligence（智力）testsusedmostoftentodayarebasedontheworkofaFrenchman,AlfredBinet.In1905,Binet

wasaskedbytheFrenchMinistryofEducationtodevelopawaytoidentifythosechildreninFrenchschoolswhoweretoo

''"mentallydeficient（不完善的）tobenefitfromordinaryschoolingandwhoneededspecialeducation.Thetestshadto

distinguishthosewhoweremerelybehindinschoolfromthosewhowereactuallymentallydeficient.

TheitemsthatBinetandhiscolleagueThephileSimonincludedonthetestwerechosenonthebasisoftheirideasabout

intelligence.BinetandSimonbelievedintelligenceincludessuchabilitiesasunderstandingthemeaningofwords,solving

problems,andmakingcommon-sensejudgments.Twootherimportantassumptions(假定)alsoshapedBinefsandSimon's

work:(1)childrenwithmoreintelligencewilldobetterinschooland(2)olderchildrenhaveagreaterabilitythanyounger

children.

Binefsfirsttestsconsistedofthirtytasks.Theyweresimplethingsmostchildrenlearnasaresultoftheireveryday

experience.Thetaskswerearrangedingroups,accordingtoage.Binetdecidedwhichtasksweresuitableforagivenage

groupbygivingthemfirsttoalargenumberofchildrenofdifferentages.Ifmorethanhalfofthechildrenofagivenage

passedatest,itwasconsideredsuitableforthatage.""Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.

A.telltheoriginofintelligencetestsB.explainthebasicprincipleofintelligencetests

C.describethechangesinthecontentofintelligencetestsD.statethedevelopmentofintelligencetests

WhatwasthepurposeoftheintelligencetestdesignedbyAlfredBinetin1905?

A.Toselecttopstudents.B.Toknowwhohadreceivedordinaryschooling.

C.Toputstudentsinarightorder.D.Tomakesurewhorequireparticulartreatments.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Intelligenceincludeswordunderstandingandproblemsolving.B.Moreintelligentchildrenusuallydobetterinschool.

C.TheFrenchMinistryofEducationwaschargedwiththedevelopmentoffirstintelligencetests.

D.Intelligenceisrelatedwithage.

HowdidBinetdecidewhichtaskstobeincludedonhisfirsttest?

A.Hefirstworkedoutthirtytasksformentallydeficientchildren.B.Hefirstgaveallthetaskstomanychildrenboth

youngerandolder.C.Hefirstgavethetaskstomanychildrenhethoughtsuitable.D.Hefirstgavesomeofthe

taskstodifferentgroupsofchildren.

Inthepassage,thedescriptionofBinefsintelligencetestisdevelopedintheorderof.

A.itspurpose,basisandcontentsC.itspurpose,methodandresults

B.itspurpose,itemsandtasksD.itsbackground,basisandassumptions**"A、D、C^B、A"

10"BarbaraJordan,oneofthemostrespectedlawyersandpoliticiansintheUnitedStates,wasthefirstblack

womanfromtheSouthtobeelectedtoCongress.

ShewasbominHouston,Texas,onFebruary21,1936.Rightfromthestart,shesethighstandardsforherselfin

school.

Inhighschool.MissJordandecidedtobecomealawyer.AtTexasSouthernUniversityshestudiedpoliticalscience

andhistoryandgraduatedin1956atthetopofherclass.By1959shehadearnedalawdegreefromBostonUniversity.

MissJordanbeganpracticinglawatherparents'diningroomtable.Threeyearslatersheopenedherownoffice.

TherestlessMissJordanfirstbrokeintopoliticsin1966,becomingthefirstblackwomanelectedtotheTexassenate.

Afteranimpressiverecordasastatesenator,sheenteredthenationalscene.

In1972shewonaseatintheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives.Duringhertimeinofficeshewasdevotedtohelping

minorities,thepoor,andtheelderly.n,,Myapproachistorespectthehumanityofeverybody,,,nsheoncesaid.That'justthe

wayBarbaraJordanwas.”“MissJordandecidedtobecomealawyer.

A.beforesheeverstartedschoolB.whenshewasinhighschool

C.whileshewasinCongressD.assoonasshefinishedherschool

WhatdidshestudyatBostonUniversity?

A.HistoryansscienceB.LawC.PoliticalscienceD.Politicsandhistory

Thewordn"restlessinparagraph5meansinitssentence.,n,

A.havingnorestalldaysandnightsB.beingnervousandimpatient

C.havingtoomuchrestD.notsatisfiedwiththelifeshewaslivingandwantingtohavesomenewexperince

Inherpoliticallifeshewonin1972.

A.alawdegreeB.anappointmenttothepresidentscabinet

C.aseatinthestatesenate

MissJordanwasthefirstblakwoman.

A.tobeappointedasanambassadorB.fromtheSouthtobeelectedtoCongress

C.tobeappointedtothecongressD.towinanationalelection"

”B、B、D、D、Bn

11"HowandwhendidAustraliabegin?ItisbelievedthatAustralianhistorybeganattheendoftheeighteenth

century.AfterseveralcenturiesofEuropeanvoyaginginthesouthernoceans,theEnglishnavalofficerJamesCooksailed

theeasterncoastin1770,nameditNewSouthWalesandtookpossessionofitinthenameofhisking.Withintwentyyears

theBritishgovernmentsentateamofexplorerstosettleinNewSouthWales.On26January1788itscommander,Arthur

Phillip,begantoruleovertheeasternhalfofthecountry.Thethousandofficers,soldiers,officialsandcriminalswhocame

ashorefromtheelevenshipsoftheFirstFleet,anchored（停泊）intheportofSydney.Theypreparedthewayforlater

immigrantswhospreadoutoverthecontinent.

ThisisastoryofasleepinglandbroughttolifebyEndeavour,thenamegiventoCook'sshipandthequalitygivento

thosewhofollowedhim.

Thenewcomersbroughtwiththemdomesticanimals,plantsandtools.Theyalsobroughtwiththemnewideas.That

accomplishmentinturnshapedwhatAustraliaisnow.”"Accordingtothispassage,Australianhistorybeganattheendof

thecentury.

A.sixteenthB.seventeenthC.eighteenthD.nineteenth

TheeasterncoastofAustraliawasnamedNewSouthWalesin1770.Whodidit?

A.JamesCook.B.ArthurPhillip.C.GeorgeWashington.D.WilliamShakespeare.

IntheearlyhistoryofAustraliathegovernmentsentitspeopletherefbrsettlement.

A.AmericanB.FrenchC.SpanishD.British

ArthurPhillipinthispassageisreferredtoaswhobegantoruletheeasternhalfofthecountryin1778.

A.anarmyofficerB.arichbusinessmanC.apoorfarmerD.auniversitystudent

“"Endeavour""inthepassageishkelytobe.

A.ashipinwhichJamesCookandhismensailedtoAustraliaB.agroupofshipsledbyArthurPhillip

C.thecourageandbraveryofthosewhocametoAustraliaintheearlydaysandwentthroughlotsofdifficulties

D.bothAandC"

”C、A、D、A、D”

12"Manyayoungpersontellsmehewantstobeawriter.Ialwaysencouragesuchpeople,butIalsoexplainthat

there'sabigdifferencebetweenbeingawriterandwriting.Inmostcasestheyaredreamingofwealthandfame,notthelong

hoursaloneatatypewriter.,,,,You,vegottowanttowrite,*H,Isaytothem,n,,notwanttobeawriter."n

Therealityisthatwritingisalonely,privateandpoor-payingaffair.Onlyafewwriterswerekissedbyfortune,

howevertherearethousandsmorewhoseworkisneverrewarded.WhenIlefta20-yearcareerintheU.S.CoastGuardto

becomeafreelancewriter,Ihadnoproposalsatall.WhatIdidhavewasafriendwhofoundmeinmyroominaNewYork

departmentbuilding.Ididn'tevencarethatitwascoldandhadnobathroom.Iimmediatelyboughtausedtypewriterandfelt

likeagoodwriter.

AfterayearIstillhadn'tgotabreakandbegantodoubtmyself.ItwassohardtosellastorythatIhardlymade

enoughtoeat.ButIknewIwantedtowrite.Ihaddreamedaboutitfbryears.Iwasn*tgoingtobeoneofthosepeoplewho

didwondering""Whatif’”.Iwouldkeepputtingmydreamtothetest,eventhoughitmeantlivingwithuncertaintyandfear

offailure.ThisistheShadowlandofhope,andanyonewithadreammustlearntolivethere.H"Thepassageismeantto

A.warnyoungpeopleofthehardshipsthatasuccessfulwriterhastoexperience

B.adviseyoungpeopletogiveuptheirideaofbecomingaprofessionalwriter

C.showyoungpeopleit'sunrealisticforawritertopursuewealthandfame

D.encourageyoungpeopletopursueawritingcareer

Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

A.Goodwritersoftenfindtheirworkinterestingandrewarding

B.Writer'ssuccessdependsonluckratherthanoneffort

C.Famouswritersusuallyliveinpovertyandisolation

D.Thechancesforawritertobecomesuccessfularesmall

Whydidtheauthorbegintodoubthimselfafterthefirstyearofhiswritingcareer?

A.Becausehewasn'tabletoproduceasinglebook

B.Becausehehadn*tseenachangeforthebetter

C.Becausehewasn'tabletohavearestforawholeyear

D.Becausehefoundhisdreamwouldnevercometrue

Theword'"'people”“inthesentencen"...peoplewhodidwondering...,n*inParagraph3referstothose.

A.whothinkalotwithoutmakingadecisionB.whoregretgivinguptheircareerhalfway

C.whothinktoomuchofthepositivesideoflifeD.whoarefullofimaginationevenupondeath

“"Shadowland”"inthelastsentencerefersto___.

A.thewonderfi.illandoneoftendreamsaboutB.thebrightfuturethatoneislookingforwardto

C.thestateofuncertaintybeforeone'sfinalgoalisreachedD.awordthatexistsonlyinone'simagination"

”A、D、B、A、C”

13"TheUnitedStatescoversalargepartoftheNorthAmericancontinent.ItsneighborsareCanadatothenorthand

Mexicotothesouth.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisabigcountry,itisnotthelargestintheworld.In2000,itspopulationwas

over222million.

Whenthislandfirstbecameanation,afterwinningitsindependencefromE