WordStructureMorpheme

3.1Morpheme

Whatismorpheme?sun,book,fine,eatEachisamorpheme.3.1Morpheme

“internationalization”

canbedividedinto5parts:inter-nation-al-iz[e]-ationEachisamorpheme.Definition:Amorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunitofalanguage.3.1Morpheme

MorphemeWordAmorphemeisthesmallestmeaningful

unitofalanguage.Awordisthesmallestfreeformofalanguage….Compare: Morph Morpheme Allomorph3.2Morph&Morphemebird/b?:d/, tree/tri:/, green/gri:n/M1 M2 M1M2 M1 M2M2 M2 M2Note:M1=morphemeM2=morph3.2Morph&Morpheme

Butpluralmorpheme{s}

cats,bags,matches

{s}morphmorphmorpheme{es}3.2Morph&Allomorph

pluralmorpheme{s}

cats/s/,bags/z/,matches/iz/

/s//z//iz/

morphmorphmorphallomorph3.2Morph&Morpheme

pasttensemorpheme{-ed}

helpedlivedwanted{ed}

mq6uqeu{ed}

morphmorphmorphememorph3.2Morph&Allomorphs

pasttensemorpheme{-ed}

helpedlivedwanted

/t//d//id/

morphmorphmorphallomorphMorph\Morpheme/Allomorphs

Morphemeisaclassoforthographical variants.Allomorphisaclassofphonologicalvariants.A

memberofeitherclassisamorph.Morphsmakeupmorphemeorallomorph.Classifyingmorphemes

3.3TypesofMorphemes

1.FreemorphemeandboundmorphemeFM=can

standaloneasawordBM=cannotstandaloneasaword

3.3TypesofMorphemes

Task1 Workoutfreeandboundmorphemes：

snow uselessness wanted internationalization

FreemorphemeBoundmorpheme3.3TypesofMorphemes

snow use-less-ness

want-ed inter-nation-al-iz[e]-ation

FreemorphemeBoundmorphemesnowusewantnation-less-ness-edinter--al-ize

-ation3.3TypesofMorphemes

2. Derivational

Mandinflectional

M

(p51)DM=morphemesusedtoderivenewwordsIM=morphemesusedtoindicatesyntactic relationships/meaning=grammaticalmarkers3.3TypesofMorphemes

Task2IdentifyDMandIM.

inter+nation+al+iz[e]+ation

inflectionalMderivationalM3.3TypesofMorphemes

nationnationalinternationalinternationalizeinternationalization

-ation-izeinter--al3.3TypesofMorphemes

Task2IdentifyDMandIM.

loved-d

work-s

work-ed

work-ing

poor-er

poor-est

go-es

IMDM3.5MophemizationpMorphemization=processofcreatinganewmorphemebyusingawordorpartofaword語素化3.5Mophemization

info-：

informationeg: infowar infocenter infopackage info-highway-gate：

Watergate=politicalscandaleg: nannygate phonegate

保姆丑聞電話丑聞Newmophemes

Prefixese-

for‘electronic’,e.g.e-book e-dictionarye-campus e-service

docu-for‘document,e.g.docu-express文獻快車

docudrama紀(jì)錄片docufiction紀(jì)實文學(xué)

docu-film文獻片

Newmophemes

Suffixes-(a)thonfrom“marathon”,e.g.blogathon 微博馬拉松

napathon

長時間小睡

bikeathon 自行車馬拉松workathon 長時間工作

Newmophemes

Suffixes-holicfrom“alcoholic”,e.g.bookaholic 書蟲workaholic 工作狂chocoholic 巧克力迷blogaholic 微博迷cardoholic 刷卡狂

rootaffixbaseWhatisroot?(p55)root:1.cannotbefurtheranalyzed/divided2.carriesthemain/basicmeaningtouch=rootsunny=rootunhappy=root3.6root,affix,baseRootcanbefreeandbound.

Freeroot=canstandaloneasword

touch,sun,headBoundroot=cannotstandalone

antecedent

ante--ced--ent3.6root,affix,baseWhatisaffix?(p55)

addedtorootorbase(1)tomakenewwordsor(2)toshowgrammaticalmeaning3.6root,affix,base3.6root,affix,baseTask3(1)Workoutrootandaffixoutof internationalization.nationinter--al-ize-ation

=affix=rootaffix prefix(fixbefore)suffix(fixafter)3.6root,affix,base3.6root,affix,base(2)Whichareprefixesorsuffixes?inter--al-ize-ation

prefixsuffix=affixinter--al-ize-ationAffix:Derivationalaffix:Inflectionalaffix:3.6root,affix,baseusedtoderivenewwordsusedtoindicategrammaticalrelationships/meaning=grammaticalmarker

-en-s

-ed

-ing-er

-est-es

inflectionalaffix3.6root,affix,baseSummaryfreerootbound

prefix

derivationalaffixaffixsuffixinflectionalaffix=suffix3.6root,affix,base3.6root,affix,base

Whatisbase?(p56)base= aformtowhichbothderivationaland inflectionalaffixcanbeaddedtouch+ed

base touchable+s

base

untouchable+s

base 3.6affix,root,base

What’sthedifferencebetweenrootandbase?touch -ed

root

basetouchable -s

x

baseuntouchable -s

x

baseMorpheme=M

freeMM

boundM

freerootboundrootaffixderivationalAinflectionalAprefixsuffix=morpheme,freemorpheme,boundmorpheme,root,freeroot,boundroot,affix,inflectionalaffix,derivationalaf