第1頁(yè)（共1頁(yè)）2025年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)二模試卷一、Grammarandvocabulary1．Directions：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Horsesaresmarterthanthey'regivencreditforHorsesarecapableofstrategicthinkingandplanningahead，anewstudyhasfound.ResearchersatNottinghamTrentUniversitymadeagameforhorses（1）theyhadtotouchapieceofcardwiththeirnosestogetatreat.Theymadeitprogressivelyharder，anddiscoveredthatthehorsesallchangedtheirstrategiesinthemostdifficultstage（2）（ensure）theywouldcontinuegettingtreats.Thestudy（3）（involve）20horses，whowereinitiallyrewardedwithatreatfortouchingapieceofcardwiththeirnoses.Inthesecondstage，a"stoplight"wasintroduced，andtherulewaschangedsothattherewardwasonlygiven（4）theytouchedthecardwhenthelightwasoff.Thisdidnotalterthebehaviourofthehorses，asthey（5）（observe）touchingthecardregardlessofthestatusofthelight.Inthefinalstage，researchersintroduceda"punishment"elementofa10﹣secondtimeout（6）playingorreceivinganyrewardsfortouchingthecardwhilethestoplightwason.Atthispoint，allthehorsessuddenlybegantoplaythegamecorrectly，onlytouchingthecardwhenitwouldleadtoatreat.Instantly（7）（switch）strategiesinthiswayindicatesthehorsesunderstoodtheruleofthestoplighttheentiretime，buthadnoreasontofollowtherulewhentherewasnoconsequenceforgettingitwrong.Thisshowedtheanimalshavetheabilitytothinkandplanahead﹣somethingpreviously（8）（consider）tobebeyondtheircapacity."It'sfascinatingbecausetheyhaveaveryunderdevelopedpre﹣frontalcortex（前額葉皮質(zhì)），whichis（9）wetypicallycreditwithproducingthattypeofthinkinginhumans.Thismeanstheymustbeusinganotherareaofthebraintoachieveasimilarresult，"saidDrCarrieljichi，aseniorresearcheratNTU."Thisteachesusthatwe（10）notmakeassumptionsaboutanimalintelligencebasedonwhethertheyare"builtjustlikeus，"shesaid.二、SectionB2．Directions：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.piloted；B.precisely；C.barriers；D.fault；E.misjudge；F.life﹣threatening；G.transition；H.priorities；I.tempted；J.posed；K.undeniablyYourrobotdriverisonitswayDrivinghasmanydownsides：There'spollution，traffic，findingaplacetopark.Butworstofallarethecrashes.In2023，anestimated40，990peoplewerekilledincarcrashesintheUnitedStates.Reducingtrafficcrashesshouldbeamongthenation'shighest（1）.Behindeachoneliemanyhumanerrors.Peoplegetbehindthewheelwhentheyaredrunkorsleepy，andtheytextortalkontheirphonesinsteadofpayingattentiontotheroad.Ortheysimply（2）roadconditions.Enormousworkhasgoneintoreducingthesehumanerrors.ButdatafromWaymo，Alphabet'sself﹣drivingcarunit，suggeststhatabetterstrategymightbetotakethedriveroutofthepictureandletvehiclesbe（3）bymachinesthatwillnevergetdistractedordrunk，orbe（4）tobreaktrafficlawsbecausethey'rerunninglate.Waymorobotaxishavelogged33millionmilesandthecompany'sfiguresshowthatWaymorobotaxivehiclesdeliver（5）bettersafetyperformance.Comparedwithcarsdrivenbyhumans，Waymovehicleshavebeeninvolvedin62percentfewerpolice﹣reportedcrashesand78percentfewercrashesthatresultedininjury.TimothyB.Lee，authoroftheUnderstandingAInewsletter，pointedoutthecrashes"weremostlylow﹣speedcollisions（碰撞）"that（6）noserioussafetyrisk."Alargemajorityappearedtobethe（7）oftheotherdriver，"Leesaid.It'stooearlytoknowhowmuchself﹣drivingcarscouldreduce（8）crashes.Butit'sreasonabletohopethatWaymowillprovesaferthanhumandrivers.Governmentsatalllevelsshouldberushingtoknockdownregulatory（9）thatstandinthewayoffasteradoptionofdriverlesscarswhilealsoensuringthatthecompaniesmeetthehigheststandardsforsafetyandaccountability.InearlyJanuary，theAutonomousVehicleIndustryAssociationreleasedaproposedpolicyframeworkthataimstospeedthe（10）.Theassociationalsocallsforanationalsafetydatabasetoprovideabetterviewofcrashincidentsinvolvingself﹣drivingcars.三、完形填空。ReadingComprehension3．Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Arenoise﹣cancellingheadphonesdamagingourhearingskills？Noise﹣cancellingheadphoneshavebecomeapopularchoiceformany，offeringawaytoblockoutbackgroundnoiseandlettingusenjoymusicatlowervolumes.（1），someexpertsareworriedthatusingtheseheadphonestoomuchmightmakeitharderforourbrainstoprocesssoundsproperly.ReneeAlmeida，anaudiologist（聽(tīng)力學(xué)家），hasnoticedasmallincreaseinadultscomingtoherclinicwith（2）issues.Theymightfailto（3）whereasoundiscomingfrom，orstruggletofollowaconversationonthetrain，inabaroratarestaurant.Thecondition，knownasauditoryprocessingdisorder（APD），isoftendiagnosedinchildren，sotheriseinadultswithsimilarissuesstruckAlmeidaas（4）.Almeidasuspectsthatthewidespreaduseofnoise﹣cancellingheadphonescouldbea（5）.Sheexplainsthatourbrainsareusedtodealingwiththousandsofdifferentsoundsatthesametimeanddecidingwhichonesareworthpayingattentionto.（6），whenadogbarksoutside，thebrainquicklyidentifiesthesoundanddismissesitasunimportant.However，noise﹣cancellingheadphones（7）thebraintoasinglesourceofsound，suchasmusicorapodcast，potentiallyweakeningitsabilitytoprocess（8）sounds.Almeidaalsonotesthattheoveruseofnoise﹣cancellingheadphonescouldharmthedevelopmentalprocessbywhichchildrenlearnto（9）sounds.Foradults，itcouldmaketheirbrainslazy，justasmuscles（10）withoutexercise.Inbothcases，peoplecouldstruggletodistinguishspeechfrombackgroundnoise.Despitethese（11），thereiscurrentlynoscientificevidenceprovingthatnoise﹣cancellingheadphonescauseAPD.Noristheresufficientdatashowingariseinthecondition.ButAlmeidabelievesthequestiondeservesattention.Prof.DaniTomlinfromtheUniversityofMelbourne（12）thatpeoplewhousenoise﹣cancellingheadphonesforlongperiodsmayfindlisteningharderwhentheytakethemoff.Butshesays"the（13）shouldnotbeoverlooked"，forhelpingindividualstolistentomusicandmoviesonplanesandtrains."Insteadofsuggesting（14）noise﹣cancellingheadphones，weneedmorecomprehensiveresearchstudies，"sheadds.Fornow，Almeidarecommends（15）likeboneconductionheadphones.Shealsoencouragespeopletoactivelyengageinlisteningexercisestomaintaintheirauditoryprocessingskills.（1）A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.OtherwiseD.However（2）A.learningB.socializingC.hearingD.reading（3）A.indicateB.locateC.recallD.sustain（4）A.commonB.rawC.oddD.predictable（5）A.primarystageB.contributingfactorC.directconsequenceD.temporarysolution（6）A.ForexampleB.InconclusionC.AsaresultD.Onthecontrary（7）A.expandB.reserveC.limitD.detect（8）A.multipleB.externalC.unfamiliarD.inviting（9）A.clearawayB.attendtoC.tuneoutD.traceback（10）A.strengthenB.tightenC.weakenD.stimulate（11）A.concernsB.effortsC.threatsD.trends（12）A.protestsB.suspectsC.acknowledgesD.opposes（13）A.risksB.benefitsC.requestsD.costs（14）A.monitoringB.toleratingC.purchasingD.abandoning（15）A.alternativesB.restrictionsC.opponentsD.perspectives四、SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.4．Geology，thestudyofthestructureandformationoftheEarth，isthebabyofalltheothersciences.Untilcomparativelyrecently，scholarspaidlittleattentiontorocksandrockformations.Indeed，thewordgeologyonlyappearedintheEnglishlanguagein1735andtookanotherseventyorsoyearstoentergeneralusage.GeologymadeitsfirstappearanceintheEncyclopaediaBritannica（大英百科全書(shū)）inthe1810edition.Despitethisinclusion，thescienceofgeologyremainedlargelyignoreduntilmuchlaterinthecentury.NowadaysthemysteryoftheEarthanditsformationfascinatesgeologistsacrosstheworld.However，fewpeopleknowthatthewholemoderndisciplineofgeologyandthewaywelookatourworldowesitsinspirationtoasinglemanwithanextraordinarypassionforlandscapeandrocks.ThatmanwasWilliamSmith，whowasbornin1769inthesmallvillageofChurchillinthesouthofEngland.FromanearlyageWilliamshowedastronginterestintheworldabouthimandaskedquestionsaboutthelandscapethatnoonecouldproperlyanswer.AsayoungboyWilliampickedupstrange﹣lookingstonesthatlayinthefieldsaroundhishomeandfeltthatsomeofthemostcommonpatternsinthesestoneslookedlikeanimalsfoundlivinginthesea.Heaskedthemenofknowledgeandscienceinthedistricthowthesestonescametofindthemselveshere.Noone，itseemed，hadanswerstohisquestionsoreventhoughtitremotelyinterestingtoaskthequestionsinthefirstplace.AchancemeetingwithamancalledEdwardWebbledtoWilliambeingofferedapositiontoworkdownthemines.Hecametorealisethatdifferenttypesofrocklayatdifferentlevelsashewentdeeperunderground.ThisledWilliamtosuggestthatolderrockslaydeeperthannewerrocks.Armedwithhisnewfoundinsightintothebirthofrocks，WilliamwalkedthelengthandbreadthofGreatBritainwiththeintentionofsurveyingandcategorisingallthewonderfullydifferenttypesofrocksthathefound.IttookWilliammanyyearsoffrustrationandhardshiptodrawahugemapofGreatBritainbyhand.Themap，ondisplaytodayatBurlingtonHouseinLondon，usesbeautifulcolourstoshoweverylayerofrockbelowinthemostprecisedetail.Uniqueinitstime，William'smapgavebirthtoeverygeologicalsurveythatwetakeforgrantedintheworldtoday.（1）Whendidtheword"geology"starttobecommonlyusedintheEnglishlanguage？A.In1735.B.In1810.C.Around1805.D.Around1895.（2）WhatcanbelearnedaboutthelocalscholarsinWilliam'sdistrict？A.Theywereveryknowledgeableaboutthelandscape.B.TheyencouragedWilliamtoexplorehiscuriosity.C.TheywereastonishedbyWilliam'sfindings.D.Theylackedbothknowledgeandinterestinrocks.（3）WhatsignificantdiscoverydidWilliamSmithmakewhileworkinginthemines？A.Rockswereofthesametypeunderground.B.Undergroundrockswereindistinctlayers.C.Newerrockslaydeeperthanolderones.D.Theageofrockshadnorelationtotheirdepth.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage？A.TodescribethelifeandworkofWilliamSmithandhisimpactonmoderngeology.B.Toexplainthehistoryoftheword"geology"anditsdevelopmentinmodernworld.C.Todiscusstheimportanceofgeologicalsurveysinunderstandingthelandweliveon.D.TohighlightthechallengesfacedbyearlygeologistsinmappingtheEarth'srocks.5．SamSchwartz，betterknownasGridlockSam，unsuccessfullytriedtointroducecongestion（擁堵）pricingtoNewYorkinthe1970s，whenhewasacitytrafficengineer.Some50yearslater，onJanuary5ththisyear，thecityfinallycollectedthecharge﹣thefirstofitskindinAmerica.Thescheme（方案）ismodelledpartlyonthatofLondon，wheresince2003adailycharge（currently￡15，orS19）hasreducedthenumberofcars，improvedairqualityandfundedtransitupgrades.NewYork'sversioncostsS9formostdrivers（withdifferentratesforlorriesandlow﹣incomeNewYorkers）.ThezoneincludesManhattan'scentralbusinessdistrict，southof61stStreet，andmostoftheroads，tunnelsandbridgesthatconnectsurroundingareas.TheMetropolitanTransportationAuthority，whichoverseesthecity'stransportsystemandsomesuburbanlines，hopesthattheschemewillreducetrafficintheseareasby10﹣20%（trafficincentralLondonfellby18%inthefirstyear）.Moneyfromthecongestionchargeisearmarkedformuch﹣neededimprovementstoNewYork'sageingsubwayandotherpublic﹣transportsystems.Willitwork？JoshuaandBenjaminMoshes，studentsatNortheasternUniversityandBrownUniversityrespectively，aremonitoringhowtraveltimesintoManhattanhavechangedsincethechargecameintoeffect.TheircongestiontrackercollectstrafficdatafromGoogleMapsevery15minutesacross19routesintoManhattan.ItistoosoontosaywhateffectthepricingwillhaveonNewYork'sroads，butthreechartsbelowoffersomecluesfromthefirst24hours.Earlyresultsareencouraging.Thetrackershowsthatthetimetodrivethe1.6miles（2.6km）throughtheHollandTunnelwascutbyhalfduringrushhour：fromanaverageof23minutesonmostMondaymornings，tojust12onJanuary6th.ThetimespentcrossingtheEastRiverthroughtheQueensboroBridgewasalsocutbyhalf.DriversfromBrooklynstillfacedheavytrafficontheBrooklynBridge，however，andtraveltimeswithinthecongestionzonewerereducedoverallbyjust1%.Snowfallandotherunrelatedfactorsmayhaveplayedarole.Itwilltakemonthstofullyassesstheimpactofthecharge.（1）WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSamSchwartziscorrect？A.HemanagedtointroducecongestionpricinginNewYorkinthe1970s.B.Hehasbeenworkingonthecongestionpricingschemeforabout50years.C.Heproposedtheconceptofcongestionpricingasacitytrafficengineer.D.HiscongestionpricingschemewaseventuallyadoptedbyLondon.（2）Accordingtothepassage，themainpurposeofNewYork'scongestionpricingisto.A.provideanadditionalsourceofincomeforcitizensinNewYorkB.easetrafficwhileraisingmoneytoimprovepublictransportationC.increasethefinancialincomeoftheNewYorkCitygovernmentD.encouragethelocalresidentstousetheirprivatecarsmoreoften（3）Whichofthefollowingisafactmentionedinthepassagetosupporttheclaimthat"earlyresultsareencouraging"？A.TraveltimesonthethreeroutesintoManhattanhavesignificantlydecreased.B.TrafficcongestionontheBrooklynBridgehassignificantlyimproved.C.DrivingtimethroughtheHollandTunnelhasbeenreducedbyabout50%.D.Overalltraveltimeswithinthecongestionzonehavedecreasedby1%.6．Theconvenienceofmodernlifeisnothingshortofastonishing.AsIwritethis，myphoneiswirelesslysendingsomeofthegreatesthitsfromthe1700stomyportablespeaker.Icouldusethatsamedeviceto，withinmoments，getacartopickmeup，orhavefooddeliveredtomyhouse.Thefactthat，asaculture，weseekoutandcelebratesuchshortcutsisunderstandable.Theymakeiteasiertohavefun，andsaveustimeandenergy.Thatsaid，mostpeopleareabletosensethatconveniencehasadarkerside.Beforewegetintothat，itisimportanttounderstandwhyconvenienceissoseductiveinthefirstplace.Weoftenresistdoingthethingsweneedtodoinordertomakeprogress.Behindeverywell﹣intentionedplanliesthishorriblesenseofinertia（惰性）.Whyisthisresistance﹣andourcorrespondingappetiteforease﹣suchanessentialpartofourmakeup？Here，insightsfromevolutionarypsychology（particularlytheideaof"evolutionarymismateh"）canhelp.Evolutionarymismatchistheideathatweevolvedforahunter﹣gathererlifestyle，andthatwhileourcircumstanceshavechangedcompletely，ourbrainsandbodieshaven't.Resistancewasanecessarycounterbalancetotheburstsofintenseactivitythatcharacterizedthelivesofhunter﹣gatherers：searchingforfoodindrivingrain，orrunningtoescapeadangerousanimal.It'sthereasonwestillask："DoIreallyhavetobedoingthis？Shouldn'tIsavemyenergy？"Thepeoplewhochosetoremainshelteredduringsnowstorms，whentheprospectofobtainingfoodwaslow，weremorelikelytoliveandpassontheirgenestothenextgeneration.Andsincethoseguysareourancestors，we'veinherited（繼承）thattendency.Sincethattime，ofcourse，innovationhaschangedthingsgreatly.We'vebenttechnologyandourenvironmentsatleastpartlytoserveournaturalinstincttoconserveenergy.Thequestionis：whatdowestandtolosebyfollowingourtendencytoprioritisecomfortandconvenience？Continuallychoosingtheconvenientpathlessensyourabilitytodealwithunavoidabledifficulties.And，fromanevolutionaryperspective，somemeasureofdiscomfortisjustascrucialtooursurvivalasrestandrelaxation.Ourancestorsdidn'tsurvivepurelybybeinglazy，butthroughacombinationofplayingitsafeandtakingnecessaryrisks：forexample，pushingthroughthepainandeffortofleavingafamiliarhome，inordertofindaplaceclosertosourcesoffoodandbetterprotectedfromtheelements.Itisthisdifficultyitselfthatshapesanddevelopsourcharacter.Inthetechnologicalworldwehavefashioned，wemustsometimesmakeaconsciousefforttoactinoppositiontoourinstincts.Asaculture，wemustremember—andremindouryoungpeople—thatwhileconveniencefeelsgoodinthemoment，ourcapacitytoadaptandovercomechallengesispartofourevolutionaryinheritancetoo，andcentraltotheadventureoflife.（1）Whatdoestheword"seductive"（paragraph3）mostprobablymean？A.Attractiveandtempting.B.Usefulandpractical.C.Harmfulanddangerous.D.Annoyingandfrustrating.（2）Accordingtothepassage，whatdoes"evolutionarymismatch"primarilyreferto？A.Theinconsistencybetweenpersonalgoalsandsocietalexpectations.B.Thecontrastbetweenmodernconvenienceandancientchallenges.C.Thecontroversyoverthehunter﹣gathererlifestyleofancientpeople.D.Theconflictbetweenournaturalinstinctandthecurrentenvironment.（3）Accordingtothepassage，prioritizingconvenienceinmodernlifemay.A.leadtoalackofinnovationandprogressB.reduceourabilitytoovercomechallengesC.makeusoverlydependentontechnologyD.causeadeclineinphysicalfitnessandhealth（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.TheBenefitsofModernTechnologyB.RejectingModernConveniencesforaBetterLifeC.TheDarkSideofConvenienceinModernLifeD.UnderstandingEvolutioninToday'sWorld五、SectionC7．Directions：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Butifthey'reapproachedintherightway，theycanstrengthenfriendshipsinthelongrun.B.So，beforemeetingnewpeople，rememberthatotherslikeyoumorethanyouthink.C.Itmightmeansupportingeachotherthroughdifficulttimesorfeelingcomfortablesharingyourthoughtsandfeelings.D.Andthemorefriendsyoumake，themoreconfidentyou'lllikelyfeel.E.Forexample，theremightbeasituationthatputstwofriendsincompetition.F.It'sclearthatfriendshipsareimportant，butmakingandmaintainingfriendsisn'talwayseasy.Howsomefriendshipslast﹣andothersdon'tIna2008study，psychologistsaskedparticipantstoratethesteepness（陡度）ofahill.Thosewhowereaccompaniedbyafriendjudgedthehilltobelesssteepthanpeoplewhowerealone.Thisisjustoneofmanywaysfriendshipscanchangehowweseeandmovethroughtheworld.Friendshipscanboostouracademicperformance，helpusdealwithsetbacks，andevenimproveourhealth.（1）Ifyoustrugglewithapproachingnewpeople，youarefarfromalone.Inaseriesofstudies，participantshadconversationsofvaryinglengthswithstrangers.Afterward，theywereaskedtoestimatehowmuchtheythoughteachstrangerlikedthem.Acrosstheboard，participantsratedtheirownlikabilitymuchlowerthanothershadactuallyratedthem.（2）Youmayevenwanttoentertheseconversationsassumingthattheotherpersonwilllikeyou.Psychologistsfindthatwhenpeopleexpecttobewell﹣liked，theyoftenunknowinglycomeacrossaswarmerandfriendlier.Next，what'shappeningwhenrelationshipsgrow？Psychologistshaveidentifiedtwokeyfeatures：companionshipandcloseness.Companionshipisdefinedastheunderstandingthatincreasesbetweenpeoplewithsimilarhobbies，interests，orvalues.Sometimes，justbeinginthesameclassorteamisenoughtobuildthisconnection.Closeness，ontheotherhand，looksdifferentforeveryrelationship.（3）Butsimplytellingafriendaboutyourdayorsharingyourinterestscanhelpbuildclosenesstoo.Whileeveryfriendshipdevelopsonitsowntimeline，consistencycanhelp.Thiscanincludestickingtoplans，chattingregularly，andrememberingthethingsthatareimportanttoeachother.Yeteventheclosestfriendshipsfacechallenges.Thisisespeciallytrueforteenagefriendships.Relationshipsmayalsoweakenwhenonefriendcan'tsupporttheotherthroughhardtimes.Themostsurefirewaytodealwiththeseproblemsistotalkaboutthem.Theseconversationscanbetoughandawkward.（4）六、SummaryWriting8．Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Howtoimproveclinicaltrials？Lastyear，aSwissmedicinecompanypublishedareviewoftheclinicaltrialsondrugsithadheldbetween2016and2021.Itfoundthatblackpeoplewereunder﹣representedinallbutone.Surprisingly，thatnewsrepresentsprogress，becauseitshowsthatpeoplearebecomingmoreawareofadangerousbias（偏見(jiàn)）thatsetsbackthesafetyofmedicaltreatments.Manytrialsleaveoutcertaingroups﹣children，forexample，orpeoplewithphysicalorlearningdisabilities，pregnantwomenandtheelderly.Therearegoodexplanationsfortheexclusion，suchasthedifficultyofgettinginformedpermissionorthepotentialharmtounbornchildren.Yettheconsequencescanbeserious.Arecentreviewfoundthathalfoftrialsaroundtheworldtestinghip﹣fracture（髖骨骨折）interventionsexcludedpeoplewholivedinnursinghomes，wereoldorhadsomesortofunderstandingproblems.Thoughthesegroupsmakeupalmostathirdofallpatientssufferinghipfractures，itisuncleariftheinterventionswillworkassafelyoraseffectivelyonthem.Theirdoctorsfaceatoughchoice：telltheirpatientstotakethemedicineanyway，withuncertainresults；ordenythemnewtreatments.Obtaininginformedpermissionfortrialsisnotalwayseasy，especiallyfrompeoplewithlearningdisabilities.Accountingfordifferentgroups'risksofside﹣effectscancomplicatetheanalysisofthedata.Evenso，broadeningtherangeoftrials'participantscanbepracticallyuseful，becauseitmightleadtoimportantnewfindingsinmedicine.Fortunately，thebiasofclinicaltestingmaybechanging.TheUSgovernmenthasrecentlyproposedtoreducebarriersandappealtoawiderrangeofparticipantsbyreducingthecostsandcommitmentsrequiredforpatientstoparticipate.CountrieslikeAmericaandBritainarediscussingpublishingregulationsthatrequiretrialorganiserstoexplainwhomtheyoughttoincludeandhowtheyplantoincludethem._____七、Translation.Directions：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.9．她的行李箱里塞滿了紀(jì)念品，結(jié)果超重了。（stuff）10．該公司在人工智能領(lǐng)域的成就和影響力不容小覷。（field）11．這家餐廳成功地將傳統(tǒng)烹飪技藝融入現(xiàn)代國(guó)際美食中，創(chuàng)造出獨(dú)特的風(fēng)味。（integrate）12．中國(guó)古詩(shī)詞以其優(yōu)美的韻律、豐富的意象和深刻的哲理，至今仍被廣泛傳頌和學(xué)習(xí)。（with）八、GuidedWriting.13．Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelow.假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)的高三學(xué)生王磊，你在社區(qū)公告欄看到一則消息，社區(qū)正在征集關(guān)于"如何豐富老年人退休生活"的意見(jiàn)。請(qǐng)你給社區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)人寫(xiě)一封信，內(nèi)容包括：（1）對(duì)社區(qū)如何豐富老年人退休生活提出建議；（2）提出這些建議的理由。

2025年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)二模試卷參考答案與試題解析一、Grammarandvocabulary1．Directions：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Horsesaresmarterthanthey'regivencreditforHorsesarecapableofstrategicthinkingandplanningahead，anewstudyhasfound.ResearchersatNottinghamTrentUniversitymadeagameforhorses（1）wheretheyhadtotouchapieceofcardwiththeirnosestogetatreat.Theymadeitprogressivelyharder，anddiscoveredthatthehorsesallchangedtheirstrategiesinthemostdifficultstage（2）toensure（ensure）theywouldcontinuegettingtreats.Thestudy（3）involved（involve）20horses，whowereinitiallyrewardedwithatreatfortouchingapieceofcardwiththeirnoses.Inthesecondstage，a"stoplight"wasintroduced，andtherulewaschangedsothattherewardwasonlygiven（4）iftheytouchedthecardwhenthelightwasoff.Thisdidnotalterthebehaviourofthehorses，asthey（5）wereobserved（observe）touchingthecardregardlessofthestatusofthelight.Inthefinalstage，researchersintroduceda"punishment"elementofa10﹣secondtimeout（6）fromplayingorreceivinganyrewardsfortouchingthecardwhilethestoplightwason.Atthispoint，allthehorsessuddenlybegantoplaythegamecorrectly，onlytouchingthecardwhenitwouldleadtoatreat.Instantly（7）switching（switch）strategiesinthiswayindicatesthehorsesunderstoodtheruleofthestoplighttheentiretime，buthadnoreasontofollowtherulewhentherewasnoconsequenceforgettingitwrong.Thisshowedtheanimalshavetheabilitytothinkandplanahead﹣somethingpreviously（8）considered（consider）tobebeyondtheircapacity."It'sfascinatingbecausetheyhaveaveryunderdevelopedpre﹣frontalcortex（前額葉皮質(zhì)），whichis（9）whatwetypicallycreditwithproducingthattypeofthinkinginhumans.Thismeanstheymustbeusinganotherareaofthebraintoachieveasimilarresult，"saidDrCarrieljichi，aseniorresearcheratNTU."Thisteachesusthatwe（10）should/must/cannotmakeassumptionsaboutanimalintelligencebasedonwhethertheyare"builtjustlikeus，"shesaid.【解答】（1）考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：諾丁漢特倫特大學(xué)的研究人員為馬設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)游戲，在這個(gè)游戲中它們必須用鼻子觸碰一張卡片才能得到食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。"agameforhorses"是先行詞，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞。從句"theyhadtotouchapieceofcardwiththeirnosestogetatreat"結(jié)構(gòu)完整，缺少表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)，即"在這個(gè)游戲里"，where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，符合語(yǔ)境。故填where。（2）考查不定式。句意：他們讓游戲變得越來(lái)越難，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)馬在最困難的階段都改變了它們的策略，以確保它們能繼續(xù)得到食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明馬改變策略的目的是為了繼續(xù)獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故填toensure。（3）考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這項(xiàng)研究涉及了20匹