高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)科試題考生須知：本試題卷共8頁(yè)，滿分分，考試時(shí)間分鐘。答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級(jí)、姓名、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)及準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)。所有答案必須寫在答題卷上，寫在試卷上無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，只需上交答題卷。第Ⅰ卷第一部分聽力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatisthemandoing?A.Checkinginforaflight.B.Askingforinformation.C.Lookingforhisluggage.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,wherecanIcheckinforFlightCA123toBeijing?W:Thecheckincountersareonthesecondfloor.Butyou’dbetterhurry;boardingstartsin30minutes.M:Thankyou!I’llheadthereright2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutA.Heneedstomanagehistimebetter.B.Heshouldavoidtakingtheschoolbus.C.Heshouldtakeadifferentroutetoschool.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:whyareyoulateforclassagain?M:Imissedtheschoolbusthismorning,andthenextonewasdelayedduetotraffic.第1頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)W:shouldsetyouralarmearliertoavoidthisnexttime.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?A.Thewomandoesn’tlikespidermanmovies.B.Thewomanpreferstowatchmoviesathome.C.Themanwilltrytobookticketsearliernexttime.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:DoyouwanttowatchthenewSpidermanmoviethisweekend?W:I’dlovetobuttheticketsaresoldout.Maybewecantrynextweek?M:Sure,I’llcheckthescheduleandbookinadvance.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?A.Shetookamoontrip.B.Shewasawardedaprize.C.Shejustfinishedabook.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Jim,guesswhat?MybookisawardedforNorthAmericanPopupBookforFirstPrize!M:mustbeoverthemoon.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】What’stheconversationmainlyabout?A.Jobcuts.B.Businessexpansions.C.Employeepromotions.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:OK,thebossjusttoldmethepanyisonlycuttingafewjobs.Shesaidnottoworry.M:Howisthatsupposedtomakemefeelbetter?Stevejustgotfiredtoday.W:Butshesaidthepanyisfine.第2頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)M:Soundslikesheistryingtohidethetruth.第二節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inagym.C.Inagrocery.7.Whatdoesthewomanorderforastarter?A.Atomatosalad.B.AThaichickenandrice.C.Frenchonionsoup.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Hello.W:Hi.Atablefortwo,please.M:Ofcourse.Overhere,please.Here’sthemenu.W:Thankyou.M:Areyoureadytoorder?W:weare.M:Whatwouldyoulikeforyourstarter,Frenchonionsouporatomatosalad?W:Frenchonionsoup,please.M:Andforyourmaincourse?W:Mmm,I’mnotsure.Idon’tknowwhethertohavethesteakorThaichicken.M:Sorry,thesteakissoldouttoday.W:Then,I’dliketheThaichickenandriceplease.M:OK,aThaichickenandrice.Whatwouldyouliketodrink?W:I’llhaveafreshorangejuiceandacappuccino,please.M:OK,thankyou.第3頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)8.Whenisthemeetingtobeheld?m..At9a.m..B.At12p.m..C.At1p.m..9.Whyisthemeetingtimechanged?A.Becausethemeetingroomisoccupied.B.Becausethemanhasn’tfinishedhisreport.C.Becausethemanhasanothermeetingtoattend.10.HowwillStevengetinformedofthechange?A.Bytheman.B.Byannouncement.C.Byemail.【答案】8.A9.C10.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Anna.DoyouhaveaminutetotalkaboutthemeetingnextW:Sure.saiddidn’twe?M:wedid.ButIhaveabitofaproblemwiththetime.itbepossibletomoveit?W:Oh,Isee.couldpostponeitto1p.m.,forexample.Orbringitforwardtoearlierinthemorning.Whatwouldsuityou?M:Couldwemakeit9o’clock?Thatwouldreallyhelpme.Ihaveanotherimportantmeetinginthecentralat12.W:Noproblem.It’simportantyou’rethere.M:Thanksalot,Anna.W:Doyouneedhelpwithanypreparation?M:No,that’sallfine.MyreportisreadyandI’mlookingforwardtopresentingit.W:Great.M:IcantellStevenaboutthetimechange.I’llseehimlater.W:Don’tworryabouttellingSteven.I’llsendanemailtoeveryonetoconfirmthetimehaschangedandwithanupdatedmeetinginvite.M:Great.Thanks,Anna.第4頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)Whycan’tthewomanetoclass?A.Shehasadifferentclass.B.She’llseeadoctor.C.Shehasamidtermexam.12.Wherearethearticlesandvideoavailable?A.Intheemail.B.OntheInternet.C.Inthelibrary.13.Whatdoestheneed?A.Anotefromthedoctor.B.Anemailfromthewoman.C.Theexaminationpaper.【答案】B12.B13.A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,Mr.Henderson?M:Diana.HowcanIhelpyou?W:I’msorry,butIcan’tetoclassnextIhaveadoctor’sappointment.M:OK.ThanksforlettingmeW:Isthereanythingtodoathome?M:Letmejustcheckmynotebook.OK,firstofall,youneedtoreadchapters17,19and20inthebook.Therearealsosomearticlesandavideotowatch—thoseareonline.I’llpostthelinksonlineintheusualplace.W:Chapters17to20.M:Exceptchapter18.W:Ah,OK.Um...isthereadeadline?M:thisFriday.Butthere’ssomethingelse.Iwasgoingtogiveyouallapracticetest.W:Apracticetest?M:tohelppeopleprepareforthemidtermexam.W:Ah.Allright.M:Don’tworry,IcansendyouthepracticetestbyemailonCanyousendittomebeforeFriday?W:Sure,noproblem.M:Anddon’tforgettobringacertificatefromthedoctortotheW:Thanks,Mr.Henderson!I’lldothat.第5頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)M:wele,Diana.care.14.Whatdoesthemandecidetodofirst?A.Signupforayearlymembership.B.Bookapersonaltrainingsession.C.Choosethemonthlymembershipplan.15.Whatisthecostofasinglepersonaltrainingsession?A.25.B.30.C.250.16.Whatisincludedinthegymmembership?A.Accesstogroupclasses.B.Adiscountonyearlyplans.C.Freepersonaltrainingsessions.17.Whatcanweinferabouttheman?A.Heisnewtofitnesstraining.B.Heisonlyinterestedingroupclasses.C.Heprefersflexibilityinhismembership.【答案】14.C15.B16.A17.C【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,I’dliketosignupforamembership.Canyoutellmeabouttheoptions?W:Sure!havethreeplans:monthly,quarterly,andyearly.Theyearlyplanisthemostcosteffective,butthemonthlyoneismoreflexible.M:IthinkI’llgoforthemonthlyplan.Howmuchisit?W:It’s$50permonth,andyoucancancelanytime.M:Great.Doyouanypersonaltrainingsessions?W:wedo.Ourtrainersarecertified,andyoucanbooksessionsbasedonyourfitnessgoals.M:Thatsoundsgood.Howmuchdoesasessioncost?W:It’s30persession,oryoucangetapackageof10sessionsfor250.M:I’lltakethepackage.Alsoarethereanygroupclassesincludedinthemembership?第6頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)W:Absolutely!haveyoga,spinning,andHIITclasses.canjoinanyofthemforfree.M:Perfect.I’llsignupforthemonthlyplanandthetrainingpackage.W:Greatchoice!Letmegetthepaperworkreadyforyou.18.Whoistheprobableaudience?A.HealthcareandhealthinsuranceB.InternationalstudentsandscholarsinHarvardUniversity.C.AllthefulltimeandparttimestudentsinHarvardUniversity.19.Whatisthebenefitofbuyinghealthinsurance?A.meettheresponsibility.B.getallmedicalcostcovered.C.getprotectedagainstthehighmedicalcost.20.Whoneedn’tbuyHarvardhealthplan?A.Internationalscholars.B.professors.C.Internationalstudents.【答案】18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning!Here’ssomeinformationabouthealthinsurance.HealthcareandhealthinsuranceareimportantduringyourstayatHarvard.ItiscrucialthatyoulearnaboutthedifferencesbetweenthemedicalcaresysteminyourowncountryandthatintheUnitedStates.Arrangingpayingformedicalcareisyourresponsibility.Thebestwaytomeetthisresponsibilityistogethealthinsurancecoveragetoprotectyouagainsthighcost.AccesstohealthinsurancedependsonyourconnectionwiththeUniversity.Requirementsforhealthinsurancealsovary.AmericanlawrequiresthatanyfulltimeandparttimestudentregisteredinaninstitutionofhighlearninginAmericamustparticipateinastudenthealthinsuranceprogramorinahealthplanofparablecoverage.Therefore,allHarvardUniversitystudentsareautomaticallyregisteredintheHarvardUniversityHealthPlanunlesstheycanshowthattheyhavesimilarhealthinsurancecoverageontheirown.InternationalscholarsarenotrequiredtopurchasetheHarvardhealthinsuranceplan.第二部分閱讀理解共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)第7頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThenewyearbringsalonglistofbigmovietitlestolookforwardto,andherearethemosttalkedaboutfilmsin2025.Superhero,SciFi,Action,Fantasy,AdventureAnotherworldlySupermantrailer(預(yù)告片)withlittletonodialoguehasgottensofmillionsofviewsinrecordtime.ThebeginningfeaturesbloodiedSupermangaspingandwhistlinginsubzerotemperatures,waitingforareallifeSuperdogKryptototakehim“home”.OnJulyfansaretowitnesssomesupercreativetwiststotheManofSteel.Heistheembodiment(化身)oftruth,justiceandtheAmericanway.AActionAdventure,Fantasyedy,FamilyThosewhodigeverythingaboutMinecraftcangetexcitedaboutthereleaseofaliveactionfilmonMay4basedonthebelovedclassicsandboxvideogame.AMinecraftMovieisaboutfour“GarbageMen”whoarepulledintoawonderlandwheretheonlyrulerisyourimagination.leavethismagicalworldandreturnhomesafely,thegrouprequirestheircreativity.Adventure,edy,Mystery,Crime,Family,AnimationThe3DadventureedyfilmisingbacktocinemasonNovember26afternearly10yearssinceitsfirstversion.ThesecondfilmfollowsbraverabbitcopJudyHoppsandfoxNickastheyunitetosolveanewconfusingcase.Thistime,thedetectivesaretocrackacaseunlikeanythingtheyhaveeverencounteredintheircareers.—ActionAdventure,ThrillerThisupingfilmtobereleasedonMay23istheeighthintheMission:Impossibleseriesandmightbeourlastone.shootinglocationslikePatagonia,andanancientMiddleEasterncity,itfollowsthestoryofEthanHuntandhisteamcaughtinalifeordeathbattleagainstanultraadvanced,selfawarerogue(流氓)AIwithapowerfulabilitytopredicttheprobablefuture.21.Whichmoviewilleoutearliest?A.Superman:Legacy.B.AMinecraftMovie.C.Zootopia2.D.Mission:Impossible—TheFinalReckoning.22.InZootopia2,whatwillaudienceexperiencespecially?A.Areallifebattle.B.Thesuperaudioeffects.第8頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)C.Someunexpectedturnings.D.Astrongvisualimpact.23.WhatsharedfeaturelinksAMinecraftMovieandMission:Impossible—TheFinalReckoning?A.Longrunningseries.B.Actionadventuregenre.C.Popularityamongchildren.D.Adaptationofclassicgames.【答案】21.B22.D23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹4部2025年即將上映的電影?！?1題詳解】Superman:Legacy下的“OnJulyfansaretowitnesssomesupercreativetwiststotheManofSteel.(7月日，粉絲們將見證一些超級(jí)創(chuàng)意的鋼鐵之軀)”，AMinecraftMovie下的“ThosewhodigeverythingaboutMinecraftcangetexcitedaboutthereleaseofaliveactionfilmonMay4basedonthebelovedclassicsandboxvideogame.(5月4日上映的一部基于深受喜愛的經(jīng)典沙盒視頻游戲的真人電影感到興奮。)”，Zootopia2下的“The3DadventureedyfilmisingbacktocinemasonNovember26afternearly10yearssinceitsfirstversion.(這部3D冒險(xiǎn)喜劇電影將于月26日回歸10年)”以及Mission:Impossible—TheFinalReckoning下的“ThisupingfilmtobereleasedonMay23istheeighthintheMission:Impossibleseriesandmightbeourlastone.(這部即將于5月23)4部電影的放映時(shí)間可知，5月4日的電影AMinecraftMovie最早。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Zootopia2下的“The3DadventureedyfilmisingbacktocinemasonNovember26afternearly10yearssinceitsfirstversion.(這部3D冒險(xiǎn)喜劇電影將于月26日回歸院線，距離第一部上映近10年)”可知，只有這部電影是3D電影，給觀眾最特別的視覺效果。故選D項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】AMinecraftMovie:ActionAdventure,Fantasyedy,《我險(xiǎn)，奇幻喜劇，家庭)”以及“Mission:Impossible—TheFinalReckoning:ActionAdventure,Thriller(《碟中)”可知，兩部都是動(dòng)作冒險(xiǎn)類型電影。故選B項(xiàng)。BBeforetheinternetmadebookreviewswidelyaccessible,wherewouldcuriousmindsgotofindinformationaboutanewnovel’ssubjectmatteroraplot?IfyoulivedintheLosAngelesarea,youcouldreferencetheLosAngelesPublicLibrary’sindexoffiction第9頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)bookreviewcards.Thereviews,acollectionofthousandsofindexcards,containlibrarymembers’thoughtsandopinionsaboutnewfictionreleasesthatthelibrarycarried.Thelibrarysystemstartedinthe1920sandintothe1980s.RobertAnderson,whohasworkedasalibrarianattheLAPLsince1980,saysthereviewcardswereahandytoolthatlibraryusedtoanswerspecificquestionsthepublichadaboutdifferentbooks.Thereviews,alongwithbeingahelpfulpublictool,alsohelpedpickwhichbookstheLAPLwouldorderfortheirshelves.Ifamemberreviewedabookfavorably,theyweremorelikelytocarrythetitleandordermultiplecopies.Thereviewprocesswassimple:Onanindexcard,librarywouldhandwriteortypeupanabstractofabooktheyreadandgivetheirpersonalreviewofit.Thecardsadjectivesthatthereviewercouldunderlinetoindicatehowthestorymightreadersemotionally.Forexample,forthelibrary’sreviewofs1925bookMrs.Dalloway,thereviewerunderlined“wholesome,”“pleasant,”and“interesting.”O(jiān)fthemember’scharacterizationofthebook,Andersonsaidhewasn’tsurewhythereviewerconsideredwriting—whichdealswithlonelinessandother,oftendarkhumanexperiences—tobehealthy,“buttheydid.”TheLosAngelesPublicLibrary’sindexofreviewcardsisn’tusedregularlyanymore.Butthesystemnowservesasahistoricalrecordofboththebooks,somealmost100yearsold,aswellastheculturalviewsheldbythebooklovinglibraryofthetime.24.WhatcouldbefoundintheLAPL’sreviewcards?A.Publicopinionsaboutthelibrary’sservices.B.Alistofallthebooksavailableinthelibrary.C.Asummaryofthemostpopularbooksinthelibrary.D.Librarians’mentsonnewlyaddedfictionbooks.25.Whatwasthepurposeofthereviewcardsforthepublic?A.providefreebooks.B.readersreference.C.promotenewauthors.D.helpwithbookorders.26.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Thereviews’mentsweresubjective.B.booksweredifficulttounderstand.C.Thelibrariansmadewrongjudgementsaboutthebooks.D.Thereviewersusedsomeadjectivestodescribethebooks.27.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthereviewcardsystem?第10頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)A.Critical.B.Doubtful.C.Appreciative.D.Neutral.【答案】24.D25.B26.A27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了洛杉磯公共圖書館的虛構(gòu)書籍評(píng)論卡片系統(tǒng)的歷史和作用，以及它如何幫助圖書館工作人員和讀者了解新小說(shuō)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thereviews,acollectionofthousandsofindexcards,containlibrarymembers’thoughtsandopinionsaboutnewfictionreleasesthatthelibrarycarried.(引卡片，包含圖書館工作人員對(duì)圖書館收藏的新小說(shuō)的看法和意見。)”可知，評(píng)論卡片中包含圖書館工作人員對(duì)新小說(shuō)的看法和評(píng)論。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的句子“RobertAnderson,whohasworkedasalibrarianattheLAPLsince1980,saysthereviewcardswereahandytoolthatlibraryusedtoanswerspecificquestionsthepublichadaboutdifferentbooks.(自1980年以來(lái)一直在洛杉磯國(guó)立圖書館擔(dān)任圖書管理員的RobertAnderson說(shuō)，員工書評(píng)卡是圖書館工作人員用來(lái)回答公眾對(duì)不同書籍提出的具體問(wèn)題的方便工具。)”可知，評(píng)論卡片的目的是為讀者提供參考。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的句子“Onanindexcard,librarywouldhandwriteortypeupanabstractofabooktheyreadandgivetheirpersonalreviewofit.()”和下面的例子“Forexample,forthelibrary’sreviewofs1925bookMrs.Dalloway,thereviewerunderlined“wholesome,”“pleasant,”and“interesting.”O(jiān)fthemember’scharacterizationofthebook,Andersonsaidhewasn’tsurewhythereviewerconsideredwriting—whichdealswithlonelinessandother,oftendarkhumanexperiences—tobewholesome,“buttheydid.”(例如，在圖書館對(duì)弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫1925年作品《達(dá)洛維夫人》的評(píng)論中，書評(píng)人著重標(biāo)注了‘健康向上’‘賞心悅目’‘妙趣橫生’等詞。面對(duì)工作人員對(duì)這本書的定性，安德森表示不解——他不明白為何書評(píng))”可以推斷出，評(píng)論卡中的評(píng)論是主觀的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“TheLosAngelesPublicLibrary’sindexofreviewcardsisn’tusedregularlyanymore.Butthesystemnowservesasahistoricalrecordofboththebooks,somealmost100yearsold,第11頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)aswellastheculturalviewsheldbythebooklovinglibraryofthetime.(洛杉磯公共圖書館的員工評(píng)論卡索引不再經(jīng)常使用。但是，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在既可以作為這些書的歷史記錄，也可以作為當(dāng)時(shí)愛書的圖書館工作人員所持有的文化觀點(diǎn)的歷史記錄。)”可知，盡管洛杉磯公共圖書館的評(píng)論卡片系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在不再經(jīng)常使用，但它作為一個(gè)歷史記錄，記錄了近100年前的書籍以及當(dāng)時(shí)的圖書館工作人員的文化觀點(diǎn)。這表明作者對(duì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)持有一種欣賞的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。CLotsofpeoplesnore.IntheU.S.,about10%oftheadultpopulationhaveit,andworldwide,thefigureisabillion.Theproblemisn’tthesnoring,butthereasonbehindit.Themostmontypeofsleepapnea(呼吸暫停)iscausedbyweakenedthroatmusclesrelaxingtoomuchduringsleep,causingtheairwaytonarroworclose.Thatleadstosnoringpluslongpausesbetweenbreaths.Andwhenbreathingisaffectedthisway,thebrainisn’tgettingtheoxygenitneeds.Obesityandageareconsideredthebiggestriskfactorsforsleepapnea.Otherriskfactorsincludesmoking,havingathickneckornarrowthroat,familyhistoryandcertainmedicalconditions.sleepapneaisfarmoreimportantthanjuststoppingsnoring.Thediagnosisrequiresseveralsteps.Besidesamedicalhistoryandphysicalexam,doctorstrytoruleoutotherconditions,suchasasthma(哮喘)orthyroid(甲狀腺)disorders,thatcancausesimilarsymptoms.Andtheyremendasleepstudytocheckonbreathing,heartrateandotherfunctionsduringsleep.Oncetheconditionhasbeendiagnosed,therearemanyoptionsfortreatment.Formildcasesinpeoplewhoareoverweight,lifestylechangescanbeenoughtosleepapnea.Stoppingsmokinganddrinkingmayhelp.Evenswitchingfromsleepingonyourbacktoonyoursidemayrelief.Whentreatmentisrequired,themostmonisamachinecalled“It’samaskthatpreventscollapseinthebackofthethroat,”explainsAtulMalhotra,aprofessorandsleepmedicinespecialistattheUniversityofCalifornia.“Ithasanunnecessarilybadreputation,sinceit’swelltoleratedbymostpatients.Butyouneedtofindtherightmaskandtherightpressuresettings.”There’realsocertainsurgeriesthatcanbedonetokeeptheairwaysopenortoremoveexcesstissue,butthesearealastlinetreatmentafterlessinvasivemethodshavefailed.There’remanytrialsunderwaytoevaluatedrugtreatments.28.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlyexplainaboutsleepapnea?A.Itsriskfactors.B.Itsunderlyingcause.C.Itsdiagnosticprocess.D.Itsmonsymptoms.29.Whydodoctorscheckforotherdiseasesduringdiagnosis?第12頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)A.makediagnosisfaster.B.excludeotherpossiblecauses.C.proveonlysleepapneaexists.D.treatsnoringinsteadofapnea.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reverse”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Control.B.Cure.C.Prevent.D.Change.31.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Thereisnospecialmedicineforsleepapnea.B.Surgeriesarenotremendedbythedoctors.C.Thebitternesscontributestobadreputation.D.isnowthemosteffectivetreatmentforsleepapnea.【答案】28.B29.B30.D31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。講述了打呼嚕引起的睡眠呼吸暫停癥的成因及治療?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Themostmontypeofsleepapnea(呼吸暫停)iscausedbyweakenedthroatmusclesrelaxingtoomuchduringsleep,causingtheairwaytonarroworclose.Thatleadstosnoringpluslongpausesbetweenbreaths.Andwhenbreathingisaffectedthisway,thebrainisn’tgettingtheoxygenitneeds.Obesityandageareconsideredthebiggestriskfactorsforsleepapnea.Otherriskfactorsincludesmoking,havingathickneckornarrowthroat,familyhistoryandcertainmedicalconditions.(最常見的睡眠呼吸暫停是由于喉嚨肌肉在睡眠中過(guò)度放松，導(dǎo)致氣道狹窄或關(guān)閉。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致打鼾，再加上兩次呼吸之間長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的停頓。當(dāng)呼吸受到這種影響時(shí)，大腦就無(wú)法獲得所需的氧氣。肥胖和年齡被認(rèn)為是睡眠呼吸暫停的最大危險(xiǎn)因素。其他危險(xiǎn)因素包括吸煙、脖子粗或喉嚨窄、家族史和某些醫(yī)療條件)”可知，本段講的是睡眠呼吸暫停癥的成因。故選B項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thediagnosisrequiresseveralsteps.Besidesamedicalhistoryandphysicalexam,doctorstrytoruleoutotherconditions,suchasasthma(哮喘)orthyroid(甲狀腺)disorders,thatcancausesimilarsymptoms.Andtheyremendasleepstudytocheckonbreathing,heartrateandotherfunctionsduringsleep.(診斷需要幾個(gè)步驟。除了病史和體格檢查外，醫(yī)生還試圖排除其他可能導(dǎo)致類似癥狀的疾病，如哮喘或甲狀腺疾病。他們還建議進(jìn)行睡眠研究，檢查睡眠期間的呼吸、心率和其他功能)”可知，醫(yī)生需要排除其他可能導(dǎo)致類似癥狀的疾病(如哮喘或甲狀腺疾病)，以確保準(zhǔn)確診斷睡眠呼吸暫停。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】第13頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Formildcasesinpeoplewhoareoverweight,lifestylechangescanbeenoughtosleepapnea.Stoppingsmokinganddrinkingmayhelp.Evenswitchingfromsleepingonyourbacktoonyoursidemayrelief.(對(duì)于超重人群中的輕度病例，改變生活方式足以睡眠呼吸暫停。戒煙和戒酒可能會(huì)有所幫助。即使從仰臥睡姿改為側(cè)臥睡姿也能緩解呼吸暫停)”可知，此處是在講述通過(guò)改變生活方式來(lái)改善呼吸暫停，所以reverse含義和D項(xiàng)“改變”意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whentreatmentisrequired,themostmonisamachinecalled“It’samaskthatpreventscollapseinthebackofthethroat,”explainsAtulMalhotra,aprofessorandsleepmedicinespecialistattheUniversityofCalifornia.“Ithasanunnecessarilybadreputation,sinceit’swelltoleratedbymostpatients.Butyouneedtofindtherightmaskandtherightpressuresettings.”There’realsocertainsurgeriesthatcanbedonetokeeptheairwaysopenortoremoveexcesstissue,butthesearealastlinetreatmentafterlessinvasivemethodshavefailed.There’remanytrialsunderwaytoevaluatedrugtreatments.(當(dāng)需要治療時(shí)，最常見的是一種叫做·法失敗后的最后一線治療。目前正在進(jìn)行許多評(píng)估藥物治療的試驗(yàn))”可知，提到了的機(jī)器治療和手術(shù)治療，目前的治療藥物還在評(píng)估，并沒有正式投入使用，所以事實(shí)是還沒有專門的藥物可以治療睡眠呼吸暫停癥。故選A項(xiàng)。DResearchersledbyJosieHughesintheLabinEPFL’sSchoolofEngineeringwantedtodeveloparobotthatcouldgoacrossdiverseenvironmentsasskillfullyasanimalsbychangingformonthefly.(GoodOverAlltheyhaveachievedjustthat—andcreatedanewmodelforroboticmovementandcontrolintheprocess.“WhilemostrobotsputetheshortestpathfromAtoB,considersthetravelpatternaswellasthepathtobetaken,”Hughesexplains.“Forexample,insteadofgoingaroundanobstaclelikeastream,canswimstraightthrough.Ifitspathishilly,itcanpassivelyrolldownhilllikeaballtosavebothtimeandenergy,andthenactivelydriveasarover(漫游者)whenrollingisnolongerbeneficial.”designtheirrobot,theteamtookinspirationfromacrosstheanimalkingdom,includingspidersandkangaroos.Theteam’sbioinspiredapproachledtoadesignthatishighlypliant(順應(yīng)的),meaningitadaptsinresponsetointeractionwithitsenvironment,ratherthanremainingunchangeable.Thisallowsto第14頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)activelyalteritsshapetochangeitspassiveproperties,whichrangefrommoreflexibleinits‘rover’modeltostrongerasaball.LabPhDstudentMaxPolzinexplainsthatpliancealsoallowstonavigatewithminimalsensingequipment.onlyasatellitenavigationsystemandadeviceformeasuringtherobot’sowndirection,carriesnocamerasonboard.“Itdoesn’tneedplexsensing.Itcanusetheenvironment,evenwithverylimitedknowledgeofit,tofindthebestpath,”Polzinsays.Futureresearchincludesimprovedalgorithms(算法)tohelpwithdesign.Lookingahead,theresearchersseemanypotentialapplicationsfortheirdevice,fromenvironmentalmonitoringtodisasterresponse.32.WhatkeyfeaturedistinguishesA.Rollingdownhilllikeaball.B.CalculatingtheshortestAtoBpath.C.Navigatingobstaclessuchasstreams.D.Efficientadaptationtovariedterrains.33.Wherediddesignersfindtheirsolution?A.Frompreviousrobots.B.Fromotherresearches.C.Fromotherspecies.D.Fromedginginformation.34.Inwhichfieldwillprobablybeapplied?A.Education.B.Climate.C.Finance.D.Medicine.35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheFutureApplicationsofB.TheDevelopmentofaNewRobot:C.ARobotforDiverseEnvironmentsD.HowSavesandEnergyin【答案】32.D33.C34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。介紹了一種新型機(jī)器人能夠適應(yīng)各種環(huán)境?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ResearchersledbyJosieHughesintheLabinEPFL’sSchoolofEngineeringwantedtodeveloparobotthatcouldgoacrossdiverseenvironmentsasskillfullyasanimalsbychangingformonthefly.(由喬西·休斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的EPFL工程學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究人員想要開發(fā)一種機(jī)器第15頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)人，它可以像動(dòng)物一樣熟練地通過(guò)在飛行中改變形態(tài)來(lái)穿越各種環(huán)境)”以及第二段““WhilemostrobotsputetheshortestpathfromAtoB,considersthetravelpatternaswellasthepathtobetaken,”Hughesexplains.“Forexample,insteadofgoingaroundanobstaclelikeastream,canswimstraightthrough.Ifitspathishilly,itcanpassivelyrolldownhilllikeaballtosavebothtimeandenergy,andthenactivelydriveasarover(漫游者)whenrollingisnolongerbeneficial.”(A點(diǎn)到B點(diǎn)的最短路徑時(shí)，會(huì)考慮旅行模式和路徑。例如，山羊可以直接游過(guò)去，而不是像溪流一樣繞過(guò)障礙物。如果它的路徑是丘陵，它可以像球一樣被動(dòng)地滾下山，以節(jié)省時(shí)間和精力，然后當(dāng)滾動(dòng)不再有益時(shí)，它可以)”可知，最主要的特征就是能根據(jù)不同的環(huán)境改變它的形態(tài)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“designtheirrobot,theteamtookinspirationfromacrosstheanimalkingdom,includingspidersandkangaroos.Theteam’sbioinspiredapproachledtoadesignthatishighlypliant(順應(yīng)的),meaningitadaptsinresponsetointeractionwithitsenvironment,ratherthanremainingunchangeable.(為了設(shè)計(jì)他們的機(jī)器人，團(tuán)隊(duì)從動(dòng)物王國(guó)汲取了靈感，包括蜘蛛和袋鼠。該團(tuán)隊(duì)的生物啟發(fā)方法導(dǎo)致了高度順應(yīng)的設(shè)計(jì)，這意味著它可以適應(yīng)與環(huán)境的相互作用，而不是保持不變)”可知，團(tuán)隊(duì)是由其他生物特別是動(dòng)物而產(chǎn)生靈感。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Lookingahead,theresearchersseemanypotentialapplicationsfortheirdevice,fromenvironmentalmonitoringtodisasterresponse.(展望未來(lái)，研究人員看到了他們的設(shè)備的許多潛在應(yīng)用，從環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)到災(zāi)難響應(yīng))”可知，此款機(jī)器人可以適用于環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)或者災(zāi)難應(yīng)對(duì)等領(lǐng)域，而氣象領(lǐng)域會(huì)有極端災(zāi)害發(fā)生。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ResearchersledbyJosieHughesintheLabinEPFL’sSchoolofEngineeringwantedtodeveloparobotthatcouldgoacrossdiverseenvironmentsasskillfullyasanimalsbychangingformonthefly.(GoodOverAlltheyhaveachievedjustthat—andcreatedanewmodelforroboticmovementandcontrolintheprocess.(由喬西·休斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的EPFL工程學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究人員想要開發(fā)一種機(jī)器人，它可以像動(dòng)物一樣熟練地通過(guò)在飛行中改變形態(tài)來(lái)穿越各種環(huán)境。有了(GoodOverAllterrain)，他們就做到了這一點(diǎn)，并在這個(gè)過(guò)程中為機(jī)器人的運(yùn)動(dòng)和控制創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新的模型)”可知，本文講了一種新型機(jī)器人能夠適應(yīng)各種環(huán)境，所以C項(xiàng)“：適應(yīng)不同環(huán)境的機(jī)器人”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)第16頁(yè)/共28頁(yè)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。mayrecallatimewhenyourchildwasababy,contentinthenurserywithoutcrying.However,thetransitiontokindergartenorschoolcannowbeastressfulsituationforboththechildandparent.____36____Rather,itindicatesthatthechildnowprehendsthattheirparents,uponleaving,donotdisappearbutwillreturnatanunknowntime,causingsignificantuncertaintyanddistress.Separationanxietyisadevelopmentallynormalstageinachild’slife.____37____Thistypeofanxietyservesanimportantadaptivefunction,helpingthechildkeeptheirparentscloseandthusensuringprotectionagainstpotentialexternaldangers.Inearliertimes,childrenwithseparationanxietyhadahigherchanceofsurvival.thisanxietyispartofexpectedchilddevelopment.However,insomecases,theanxietybeessevereandbeginstointerferewithdailychildhoodactivities,suchasseparatingfromparentstogotoschoolandmakefriends.So,it’scrucialtonotethat“objectpermanence(客體恒久性)”inchildrenbeginstodevelopgraduallyandreachesitspeakbetweenapproximately16and24months.Untilthen,theydonotunderstandthatobjectsorpeopleexisteventhoughtheycannotseethem.____38____Whenthisbehaviortakeshold,weencounterseparationanxietydisorder.Thisfearisnolongerofanevolutionarytype,an