2025年考研英語（二）完形填空高頻詞匯模擬試卷一、XXX要求：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Inthe19thcentury,whentheUnitedStateswasstilladevelopingcountry,thegovernmenttookanactiveroleinpromotingthedevelopmentofinfrastructure.Oneofthemostimportantprojectsatthattimewastheconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroad.ThisprojectnotonlyconnectedtheEastandWestcoastsoftheUnitedStatesbutalsobroughtaboutsignificanteconomicandsocialchanges.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadwasamassiveundertakingthatrequiredagreatdealofplanningandcoordination.Thegovernmentprovidedfinancialsupporttotherailroadcompanies,andthousandsofworkerswereemployedtobuildthetracksandlaythefoundationsforthebridgesandtunnels.Theprojectwascompletedin1869,andithadaprofoundimpactonthecountry.Oneofthemainreasonsforthesuccessofthetranscontinentalrailroadwastheadvancedtechnologyusedinitsconstruction.TherailroadcompaniesemployedengineersandscientistswhowereabletodesignandbuildthetracksandstructuresthatcouldwithstandtheharshconditionsoftheAmericanWest.Theuseofsteam-poweredlocomotivesalsomadethetransportationofgoodsandpeoplemuchfasterandmoreefficient.ThetranscontinentalrailroadhadasignificantimpactontheeconomyoftheUnitedStates.Itopenedupnewmarketsforagriculturalproductsandminerals,anditfacilitatedthemovementofgoodsandpeopleacrossthecountry.TherailroadalsoplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentoftheWest.Itmadeiteasierforsettlerstoreachthefrontier,andithelpedtocreatenewtownsandcities.ThetranscontinentalrailroadalsohadaprofoundimpactonthesocialfabricoftheUnitedStates.Itbroughtpeoplefromdifferentpartsofthecountrytogether,andithelpedtofosterasenseofnationalunity.However,italsocontributedtothedisplacementofNativeAmericansandtheexpansionofslavery.Despiteitsmanybenefits,thetranscontinentalrailroadalsohaditsdrawbacks.Theconstructionoftherailroadwasenvironmentallydestructive,anditledtothedestructionofforestsandthedisruptionofwildlifehabitats.Italsocreatedeconomicandsocialinequalities,asthebenefitsoftherailroadwerenotdistributedequally.Today,thetranscontinentalrailroadisstillanimportantpartoftheAmericantransportationnetwork.ItcontinuestoconnecttheEastandWestcoasts,anditremainsasymbolofthecountry'singenuityanddetermination.1.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto:A.describetheconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadB.discusstheeconomicandsocialimpactofthetranscontinentalrailroadC.analyzethetechnologyusedintheconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadD.explaintheenvironmentalandsocialconsequencesofthetranscontinentalrailroad2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasareasonforthesuccessofthetranscontinentalrailroad?A.TheadvancedtechnologyusedinitsconstructionB.ThefinancialsupportprovidedbythegovernmentC.Theuseofsteam-poweredlocomotivesD.ThedisplacementofNativeAmericans二、XXX要求：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Theinternethasrevolutionizedthewaywecommunicate,work,andaccessinformation.Ithasbecomeanintegralpartofourdailylives,anditsimpactonsocietyisundeniable.However,alongwithitsnumerousbenefits,theinternetalsoposesseveralchallengesthatneedtobeaddressed.Oneofthemostsignificantchallengesposedbytheinternetistheissueofprivacy.Withthevastamountofpersonaldatacollectedbycompaniesandgovernments,individualsareincreasinglyconcernedabouttheprotectionoftheirprivacy.Databreachesandunauthorizedaccesstopersonalinformationhavebecomecommonoccurrences,leadingtoalossoftrustinthedigitalworld.Anotherchallengeisthespreadofmisinformationandfakenews.Theeasewithwhichinformationcanbesharedandspreadontheinternethasmadeitdifficulttodistinguishbetweenfactandfiction.Thishasseriousimplicationsforpublicdiscourseanddecision-making,aspeoplemaybeinfluencedbyfalseinformationwithoutrealizingit.Theinternethasalsocreatednewformsofaddiction.Socialmediaplatforms,onlinegames,andstreamingserviceshavebecomesourcesofentertainmentandescapeformany,butexcessiveusecanleadtonegativeconsequencessuchasdecreasedproductivity,mentalhealthissues,andsocialisolation.Despitethesechallenges,theinternethasthepotentialtoaddresssomeoftheworld'smostpressingproblems.Itcanbeapowerfultoolforeducation,healthcare,andsocialchange.Forexample,onlinelearningplatformshavemadeeducationmoreaccessibletopeopleinremoteareas,andtelemedicinehasimprovedaccesstohealthcareforthosewholiveinunderservedregions.Tomitigatethenegativeimpactsoftheinternet,severalmeasurescanbetaken.Governmentsandcompaniesshouldprioritizetheprotectionofuserprivacyandimplementstricterregulationstopreventdatabreaches.Socialmediaplatformsshouldalsotakeresponsibilityforthespreadofmisinformationbypromotingfact-checkingandprovidingmoreaccurateinformationtousers.Moreover,individualsneedtobemoreawareoftheironlinebehaviorandthepotentialrisksassociatedwithit.Theyshouldbecautiousaboutsharingpersonalinformationonlineandbecriticaloftheinformationtheyencounterontheinternet.3.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses:A.thebenefitsoftheinternetB.thechallengesposedbytheinternetC.theimpactoftheinternetoneducationD.theroleoftheinternetinglobalcommunication4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapotentialnegativeconsequenceofexcessiveinternetuse?A.DecreasedproductivityB.MentalhealthissuesC.IncreasedjobopportunitiesD.Socialisolation三、XXX要求：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thedevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedaheateddebateaboutitspotentialimpactonsociety.WhilesomearguethatAIwillbringaboutsignificantadvancementsandimproveourlives,othersareconcernedaboutthepotentialrisksandethicalissuesassociatedwithitswidespreaduse.OneofthemainconcernsaboutAIisitspotentialtodisruptthejobmarket.AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,theyareincreasinglycapableofperformingtasksthatweretraditionallydonebyhumans.Thiscouldleadtowidespreadunemploymentandeconomicinequality,asjobsarereplacedbymachines.AnotherconcernisthepotentialforAItobeusedinharmfulways.AIsystemscanbeprogrammedtomakedecisionsthatcouldhaveseriousconsequences,suchasautonomousweaponsorsurveillancesystems.ThereisalsotheriskofAIbeingusedtomanipulateordeceivepeople,asseeninthecaseofdeepfaketechnology.Despitetheseconcerns,therearealsomanypotentialbenefitsofAI.AIcanhelpsolvecomplexproblems,improveefficiency,andmakeourlivesmoreconvenient.Forexample,AIcanbeusedtodiagnosediseases,optimizeenergyconsumption,andimprovetransportationsystems.ToaddressthepotentialrisksandmaximizethebenefitsofAI,severalmeasurescanbetaken.GovernmentsandinternationalorganizationsshouldestablishregulationsandethicalguidelinestoensurethatAIisusedresponsibly.CompaniesshouldprioritizethedevelopmentofAIsystemsthataretransparent,explainable,andaccountable.ItisalsoimportanttoinvestineducationandtrainingtopreparetheworkforceforthechallengesposedbyAI.Thiswillhelpensurethatpeoplehavetheskillsandknowledgeneededtoadapttothechangingjobmarketandtakeadvantageofnewopportunities.Moreover,itiscrucialtofosteracultureofresponsibleinnovationandcollaboration.AIdevelopmentshouldbedrivenbyasharedvisionofwhatisinthebestinterestofsociety,ratherthanbyprofitmotivesorshort-termgains.5.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses:A.thebenefitsofAIB.therisksofAIC.thepotentialimpactofAIonthejobmarketD.theimportanceofresponsibleAIdevelopment6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapotentialbenefitofAI?A.SolvingcomplexproblemsB.ImprovingefficiencyC.DisplacingworkersD.Makinglivesmoreconvenient四、XXX要求：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thefieldofenvironmentalsciencehasgainedsignificantattentioninrecentyearsduetothegrowingawarenessofclimatechangeanditsimpactontheplanet.Oneofthekeyissuesinenvironmentalscienceisthestudyofgreenhousegasesandtheircontributiontoglobalwarming.Understandingthesourcesandeffectsofthesegasesiscrucialfordevelopingeffectivestrategiestomitigateclimatechange.GreenhousegasesaregasesthattrapheatintheEarth'satmosphere,leadingtothegreenhouseeffect.Themostcommongreenhousegasesincludecarbondioxide(CO2),methane(CH4),nitrousoxide(N2O),andfluorinatedgases.Thesegasesarereleasedintotheatmospherethroughvarioushumanactivities,suchastheburningoffossilfuels,deforestation,andagriculture.Theburningoffossilfuels,suchascoal,oil,andnaturalgas,istheprimarysourceofCO2emissions.Asthesefuelsareburned,carbonisreleasedintotheatmosphere,contributingtothegreenhouseeffect.Deforestationalsoplaysasignificantroleinthereleaseofgreenhousegases,astreesabsorbCO2fromtheatmosphere.Whenforestsarecutdown,thiscarbonisreleasedbackintotheatmosphere.Agricultureisanothermajorsourceofgreenhousegasemissions.Livestockfarming,particularlycattle,producesmethane,apotentgreenhousegas.Additionally,theuseofsyntheticfertilizersinagriculturereleasesnitrousoxide,anothersignificantgreenhousegas.TheeffectsofgreenhousegasesontheEarth'sclimatearefar-reaching.TheincreaseinCO2levelshasledtoariseinglobaltemperatures,resultinginmorefrequentandsevereweatherevents,suchashurricanes,droughts,andfloods.Themeltingofpolaricecapsandglaciershasalsocontributedtorisingsealevels,threateningcoastalcommunitiesaroundtheworld.Toaddresstheissueofgreenhousegases,variousmeasurescanbetaken.Reducingcarbonemissionsthroughtheuseofrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,isoneofthemosteffectivestrategies.Implementingreforestationprogramsandpromotingsustainablelandmanagementpracticescanalsohelpreducegreenhousegasemissions.Additionally,adoptingmoreefficientagriculturalpracticesandreducinglivestockfarmingcancontributetoadecreaseinmethaneandnitrousoxideemissions.7.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto:A.explainthecausesandeffectsofgreenhousegasesB.discussthebenefitsofrenewableenergysourcesC.describetheroleofagricultureingreenhousegasemissionsD.proposesolutionstoaddresstheissueofglobalwarming8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasagreenhousegas?A.CarbondioxideB.NitrogenoxideC.OxygenD.Methane五、XXX要求：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thefieldofbiotechnologyhasmadesignificantadvancementsinrecentyears,leadingtogroundbreakingdiscoveriesandapplicationsinvariousfields.Oneofthemostnotableachievementsinbiotechnologyisthedevelopmentofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs).GMOsareorganismswhosegeneticmaterialhasbeenalteredinalaboratorytoexhibitspecifictraits.ThedevelopmentofGMOshassparkedadebateabouttheirsafetyandethicalimplications.ProponentsarguethatGMOscanimprovecropyields,reducetheneedforpesticides,andprovidesolutionstofoodsecuritychallenges.However,opponentsraiseconcernsaboutthepotentialhealthrisksandenvironmentalimpactofGMOs.OneofthemainbenefitsofGMOsistheirabilitytoincreasecropyields.Byintroducinggenesthatmakeplantsmoreresistanttopestsanddiseases,farmerscanreducetheneedforchemicalpesticides,leadingtohealthierandmoresustainableagriculture.Additionally,certaingeneticallymodifiedcropsareengineeredtobemoredrought-resistant,whichcanbeparticularlybeneficialinregionsfacingwaterscarcity.AnotheradvantageofGMOsistheirpotentialtoaddressfoodsecuritychallenges.Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestogrow,thedemandforfoodisincreasing.GMOscanhelpmeetthisdemandbyproducinghigheryieldsandbetternutritionalcontentincrops.Despitethesebenefits,thereareconcernsaboutthepotentialhealthrisksofGMOs.Somestudiessuggestthatconsuminggeneticallymodifiedfoodsmayleadtoallergicreactionsorotheradversehealtheffects.However,manyscientificorganizations,includingtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),haveconcludedthatcurrentlyavailablegeneticallymodifiedfoodsaresafeforconsumption.EnvironmentalconcernsregardingGMOsincludethepotentialforgeneflow,wheregenesfromgeneticallymodifiedorganismscanspreadtonon-modifiedplants,potentiallyleadingtoecologicalimbalances.Thereisalsotheriskofcreatingherbicide-resistantweeds,whichcanbecomedifficulttocontrolandharmtheenvironment.9.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto:A.discussthebenefitsandconcernsofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsB.explaintheprocessofcreatinggeneticallymodifiedorganismsC.comparetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftraditionalandgeneticallymodifiedcropsD.describethepotentialhealthrisksofconsuminggeneticallymodifiedfoods10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapotentialbenefitofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms?A.IncreasedcropyieldsB.ReducedneedforpesticidesC.ImprovednutritionalcontentD.Increasedwaterusage六、XXX要求：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thefieldofnanotechnologyhasopenedupnewpossibilitiesforscientificresearchandtechnologicalinnovation.Nanotechnologyinvolvesmanipulatingmatteratanatomicormolecularscale,whichallowsforthecreationofmaterialsanddeviceswithuniqueproperties.Thisfieldhasapplicationsinvariousindustries,includingmedicine,energy,andelectronics.Oneofthemostpromisingapplicationsofnanotechnologyisinthefieldofmedicine.Nanoparticles,whichareparticleswithsizesrangingfrom1to100nanometers,canbeusedtodeliverdrugsdirectlytospecificcellsinthebody.Thistargeteddeliverysystemcanimprovetheeffectivenessofmedicationsandreducesideeffects.Theuseofnanotechnologyinmedicinehasledtothedevelopmentofnewtreatmentsforvariousdiseases.Forexample,nanoparticlescanbeusedtodeliverchemotherapydrugsdirectlytocancercells,reducingdamagetohealthytissues.Nanoparticlescanalsobeusedtodelivervaccines,enhancingtheireffectivenessandreducingtherequireddosage.Inthefieldofenergy,nanotechnologyhasthepotentialtorevolutionizethewaywegenerate,store,andtransmitenergy.Nanomaterialscanbeusedtoimprovetheefficiencyofsolarcellsandbatteries,makingrenewableenergysourcesmoreviable.Nanotechnologycanalsobeusedtodevelopnewtypesoffuelcellsandenergystoragedevices.Nanotechnologyhasalsofoundapplication