營(yíng)養(yǎng)相關(guān)英文詞匯小結(jié)Chapter59EnteralNutrition腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)1.Enteralnutrition(EN)腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)2.deliveryofnutrientsbytubeormouthintotheGItract營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)通過(guò)管飼或者口服途徑進(jìn)入消化道3.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY病理生理學(xué)4.Digestionandabsorption消化和吸收5.stepwiseconversion逐步轉(zhuǎn)換6.Mechanicalprocess機(jī)械途徑7.Enzymaticprocess酶解途徑8.physicochemicalprocess物理化學(xué)途徑9.molecularforms分子形式10.acrosstheintestinalcellmembrane穿過(guò)腸細(xì)胞膜11.systemiccirculation循環(huán)系統(tǒng)12.portalvenous門靜脈13.splanchniclymphaticsystems內(nèi)臟淋巴系統(tǒng)14.biliarytract膽道系統(tǒng)15.functionalimmaturity功能不成熟16.neonatalgut新生兒腸道17.protein-energymalnutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)-能量營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良18.functioningGItract消化道功能正常19.enteralaccess腸內(nèi)給藥途徑20.neoplasticdisease腫瘤21.organfailure器官衰竭22.hypermetabolicstates高代謝狀態(tài)23.GIdisease消化道疾病24.neurologicimpairment神經(jīng)功能缺損25.absolutecontraindications絕對(duì)禁忌癥26.mechanicalobstruction機(jī)械梗阻27.necrotizingenterocolitis壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎28.ConditionsthatchallengethesuccessofEN影響EN成功實(shí)施的情況29.severediarrhea嚴(yán)重腹瀉30.protractedvomiting持續(xù)嘔吐31.entericfistulas腸瘺32.severeGIhemorrhage嚴(yán)重消化道出血33.intestinaldysmotility腸道動(dòng)力障礙34.preferredmethod優(yōu)選方法35.criticallyillpatients重病患者36.maintainingGItractstructureandfunction保持消化道結(jié)構(gòu)及功能37.fewermetabolic,infectious,andtechnicalcomplications代謝性、感染性、機(jī)械性并發(fā)癥更少38.lowercosts花費(fèi)更少39.optimaltimetoinitiateEN啟動(dòng)腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)的時(shí)機(jī)40.providecalories,macronutrients,andmicronutrients提供能量、宏?duì)I養(yǎng)素、微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素41.differentindications不同適應(yīng)癥42.tubeplacementoptions管飼放置位置選擇43.anticipateddurationofuse預(yù)期使用時(shí)間44.thefeedingsite喂養(yǎng)位置45.stomach胃46.smallbowel小腸47.Short-termaccess短期應(yīng)用48.patientdiscomfort患者不適49.long-termcomplications長(zhǎng)期并發(fā)癥50.mechanicalfailure機(jī)械失敗51.nasogastric(stomach)鼻胃管52.leastexpensive花費(fèi)最少53.leastlabor-intensive不費(fèi)勞力54.impairedgastricemptying胃排空障礙55.atriskforaspirationandpneumonia有誤吸及肺炎的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)56.nasoduodenal(duodenum)鼻腸管（十二指腸）57.nasojejunal(jejunum)鼻空腸管（空腸）58.gastrostomy胃造口術(shù)59.generalstomacare一般造口護(hù)理60.gastrostomyexitsite胃造口出口61.preventinflammationandinfection防止炎癥及感染62.jejunostomy空腸造口術(shù)63.gastroesophagealrefluxdisease胃食管反流疾病64.impairedgastricmotility胃動(dòng)力障礙65.delayedgastricemptying胃排空延遲66.continuousEN持續(xù)輸注67.cyclicEN循環(huán)輸注68.bolusEN團(tuán)注法69.intermittentEN間斷輸注70.residenceenvironment居住環(huán)境71.tolerancetotubefeeding對(duì)喂養(yǎng)管的耐受情況72.ContinuousENispreferredforinitiation初始啟動(dòng)腸內(nèi)適用持續(xù)輸注73.costandinconvenience費(fèi)用高，不方便74.pumpandadministrationsets營(yíng)養(yǎng)液輸注泵及相關(guān)裝置75.allowingbreaksfromtheinfusionsystem（循環(huán)輸注）中間有停止輸注的間隙76.administerednocturnally夜間輸注77.(BolusEN)requiringlittleadministrationtime(e.g.,5–10min)團(tuán)注法輸注時(shí)間短（一般5-10分鐘）78.minimalequipment(e.g.,asyringe)無(wú)需特殊裝置（僅需注射器）適用于胃造口79.causingcramping,nausea,vomiting,aspiration,anddiarrhea易造成痙攣痛、惡心、嘔吐、誤吸、腹瀉80.orogastric口胃管81.gagreflex嘔吐反射82.Manuallyatbedside床旁手動(dòng)置管83.tubedisplacement管道移位84.Fluoroscopically&Endoscopically射線或內(nèi)鏡引導(dǎo)85.earlypostinjuryorpostoperativefeeding早期損傷后或術(shù)后喂養(yǎng)86.Multiplecommerciallyavailabletubesandsizes多種商業(yè)化管道及管徑87.Manualtranspyloricpassagerequiresgreaterskill手動(dòng)穿過(guò)幽門需要技巧88.clogging堵管89.Large-boretubeslesslikelytoclog大口徑管不易堵管90.stomasitecomplications造口并發(fā)癥91.IntermittentENisadministeredover20to60minutes間斷輸注輸注時(shí)間略長(zhǎng)20-60分鐘92.reservoirbag儲(chǔ)液袋93.infusionpump輸注泵94.mimicsnormaleatingpatterns模擬正常進(jìn)食模式95.bolusorintermittentENminimizesthedevelopmentofcholestaticliverdisease團(tuán)注輸注法和間斷輸注法減低膽汁淤積性肝病的發(fā)生96.Clinicalsignsofintolerance不耐受的臨床表現(xiàn)97.abdominaldistentionorcramping腹脹腹痛98.highgastricresidualvolumes胃殘留量高99.aspirationanddiarrhea誤吸和腹瀉100.dilutinghyperosmolarENformulations稀釋高滲透壓的EN制品101.nutraceuticals營(yíng)養(yǎng)制品102.healthclaims健康聲明103.Themolecularformoftheproteinsource不同蛋白來(lái)源的分子形式不同104.Vegetableoils植物油105.soypolysaccharides大豆多糖106.energysource能量來(lái)源107.trophiceffects營(yíng)養(yǎng)效應(yīng)108.colonicmucosa腸黏膜109.promotionofsodiumandwaterabsorption促進(jìn)水鈉吸收110.regulationofbowelfunction調(diào)節(jié)腸道運(yùn)動(dòng)111.Osmolality滲透壓112.GItolerability消化道耐受性113.intendedpatientpopulation適宜人群114.Hypertonic高滲的115.Isotonic等滲的116.ALI,acutelunginjury急性肺損傷117.ARDS,acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome急性呼吸窘迫綜合征118.glutamine谷氨酰胺119.arginine精氨酸120.nucleotides核苷酸121.omega-3fattyacidsω-3脂肪酸122.antioxidants抗氧化劑123.ready-to-useprepackagedliquids預(yù)包裝液體直接使用124.lowersusceptibilitytomicrobiologiccontamination被微生物污染的可能性降低125.storagespace儲(chǔ)藏空間126.isotonicity等滲性127.sweetening甜味劑128.nonproteincalorie:nitrogenratio非蛋白熱卡與氮量之比129.highfistulaoutput高流量瘺130.restrictionoffluids,electrolytes,orboth限液，限電解質(zhì)或均限131.kidneyinsufficiency腎功能不全132.congestiveheartfailure充血性心力衰竭133.dipeptidesandtripeptides二肽和三肽134.impaireddigestiveorabsorptivecapacity消化吸收能力受損135.metabolicabnormalities代謝異常136.Immune-modulatingformulations免疫調(diào)節(jié)配方137.preexistingseveresepsis既往存在的嚴(yán)重膿毒癥138.Totalintake/output出入量139.Stoolfrequency/volume排便次數(shù)及排便量140.Abdomenassessment腹部體征141.Nauseaorvomiting惡心或嘔吐142.Gastricresidualvolumes胃殘留量143.Oralsupplements口服營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充144.amodularproduct組件類產(chǎn)品145.Oralrehydrationformulations口服補(bǔ)液配方146.positiveelectrolytebalance電解質(zhì)正平衡147.decreasefecalwaterloss降低腹瀉導(dǎo)致的水分喪失148.areanalogousto類似149.occurrenceislower(EN并發(fā)癥)發(fā)生率低150.metoclopramide甲氧氯普胺151.erythromycin紅霉素152.transpyloricfeeding幽門后喂養(yǎng)153.gastricsecretionvolume胃酸分泌量154.minimizinguseofnarcotics，sedatives降低麻醉藥物、鎮(zhèn)靜藥物的使用155.delaygastricemptying降低胃排空(藥物)156.aspirationpneumonia吸入性肺炎157.sorbitol山梨醇158.advancement喂養(yǎng)加速159.fiber-containing含纖維素(配方)160.lactose-freeformulation無(wú)乳糖配方161.infectiousetiologies感染性病因162.opiates阿片類163.diphenoxylate苯乙哌啶(地芬諾酯)164.loperamide洛哌丁胺165.tubeocclusion堵管166.malposition導(dǎo)管位置不佳167.nasopulmonaryintubation鼻肺錯(cuò)誤插管168.pancreaticenzymesinsodiumbicarbonate胰酶溶解于碳酸氫鈉溶液169.decloggingdevice清淤裝置170.maintainingpatency保持通暢171.flushingwithatleast30mLofwaterbeforeandaftermedicationadministration清水沖管172.Administeringdrugsviatubefeedingisacommonpractice臨床常用喂養(yǎng)管給藥173.drugdissolution藥物解離174.therapeuticeffect治療療效175.tubetip管尖176.asolidthatcanbecrushed可碾碎的固體藥物177.sublingual舌下含服178.sustained-release緩釋179.enteric-coatedformulation腸衣制劑180.aliquiddosagepreparation(其他情況)應(yīng)該應(yīng)用液體制劑181.physicalincompatibilities物理不相容性182.clogsmall-borefeedingtubes堵塞小管徑喂養(yǎng)管183.intact(vshydrolyzed)protein與水解蛋白相比，整蛋白制劑(混合時(shí)更容易