2/2北京十二中2022—2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)期末考試題考生須知1.本試卷共10頁(yè)，分為三部分。總分100分?？荚嚂r(shí)間90分鐘。2.將選擇題答案填涂在答題卡上，第二部分必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束時(shí)，收答題卡。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，25分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．AGood-luckDumplingWhenIwasinmymiddleage,somethingterriblehappenedtome.AsIwasawayfrom___1___foralmostayear,mywifeandchildrenwereextremelyworried.Andmymother,alreadyinhereighties,wasontheedgeofanervousbreakdown.OntheeveoftheSpringFestival,Iwasfinallyallowedtoreturnhome.Motherlookedatme,hereyesfilledwith___2___.Butsoonshesaid,“Let’sstartmakingdumplingsfortheFestival.”Andthenanidea___3___her,“Let’sputinacoinandmakeagood-luckdumpling.Whoevereatsitwillbeblessed(有福).”Whilemakingthegood-luckdumpling,mymothersecretlymadea(n)___4___onit.Shepretendednothinghadhappened,butthetrickdidn’tescapemy___5___.AfterMotherboiledthedumplingsallbyherself,sheputthegood-luckdumplingontopoftheothersinabowlonpurposeandpushedthebowltome.Feelingloved,Istaredatherin___6___eyes.Ihadthoughtitwouldgiveheralovelysurpriseifsheatethegood-luckdumpling.Takingtheopportunitywhenshewenttothekitchen,Iputthedumplingintoherbowl.Obviously,whenMotherreturned,shedidn’t___7___itandwentoneatingwithhereyesonmeallthetime.“Ouch!”suddenlyshecriedout.Thecoinhadhurtherteeth.“Oh,Grannyisblessed”,mywife___8___.“I...howcome?”Motherwas___9___.Justatthatmoment,thecoinfelloutofhermouth.SoIjoinedmywifeandchildren,“Grannyisblessed!Motherisblessed!”Motherburstintolaughter,andthentears,asmywifeandI____10____withherallhersadnessandjoy.1.A.market B.office C.factory D.home2.A.disbelief B.curiosity C.horror D.calm3.A.interested B.impressed C.struck D.changed4.A.mark B.decision C.try D.note5.A.hands B.mind C.lips D.eyes6.A.anxious B.sorrowful C.grateful D.sincere7.A.take B.notice C.accept D.permit8.A.argued B.cheered C.warned D.suggested9.A.touched B.inspired C.confused D.attracted10.A.shared B.discussed C.remembered D.found第二節(jié)(共10小題:每小題1分;共10分)SectionA閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文或句子內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空.Festivals___11___(be)animportantpartofsociety.Theyreflectpeople’swishes,beliefs,faiths,andattitudestowardslife.Theyareoccasions___12___allowustorelaxandenjoylife,andforgetaboutourworkforalittlewhile.Theyhelpusunderstandwherewecamefrom,whoweare,and___13___toappreciate.Andifyoustudyfestivalscarefully,youmaybesurprisedtofindthatdifferentculturesactuallyhavealotincommonafterall.SectionB閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文或句子內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空.I’mpartofanandroidfootballteam.Aboutonceayearwe___14___(allow)togettogethertoplayagameoffootball.I’masbigasahuman.Infact,Ilooklikeonetoo.OnthefootballteamI’minchargeofshooting___15___Imustrunveryfast.Mycomputerchipshelpmetomoveandthinklikeahuman.Forexample,Ihavelearnedtosendsignals___16___myteammatesincomputerlanguagetogivemetheballwhenIamopenandhaveagoodshotforagoal.SectionC閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文或句子內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空.Thecolourwasrushingtohischeeks,andhiseyeswerewideopen,___17___(shine)withjoy,andinthecentreofeacheye,rightintheverycentre,intheblackpupil,alittlesparkofwildexcitement___18___(dance)slowly.Thentheoldmantookadeepbreath,andsuddenly,withnowarningwhatsoever,anexplosionseemedtotakeplaceinsidehim.Hethrewuphisarmsandyelled‘Yippeeeeeeee!’Andatthesametime,hislong___19___(bone)bodyroseupoutofthebedandhisbowlofsoupwentflyingintothefaceofGrandmaJosephine,andinonefantasticleap,thisoldfellowofninety-sixandahalf,who___20___(be)inbedtheselasttwentyyears,jumpedontothefloorandstarteddoingadanceofvictoryinhispajamas.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，共30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．AThisTinyBoxWillHelpYouRelaxInTerribleSummerHeat!TraditionalAirConditioners(AC)areoutdated.Theycostalottoinstallandevenmoretorun.Theyarehuge,noisy,anddangeroustoclean.Youcan’tmovethemaroundthehousewithyouortakethemoutside!Thousandsofpeoplearenowusingamuchcheaperalternativetocoolthemselvesintheheatandcleantheirpersonalair.Withovermillionunitssoldworldwide,thisdeviceisbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulgadgetsof2019.EVERYONEwantsthisawesomelookingboxforsummer!WhatAreWeTalkingAbout?MeetthenewAirFreez,aninnovativealternativetoACthatcoolsyoujustthesame!It’saperfectsolutionforthoseveryhotdaysandnights!TheAirFreezwasdesignedbytwoSwissengineerswhowerefedupsufferingthehotsummers.TheyrealizedthatACunitsaresuperinefficientandcostalotofmoneytouse.TheengineersalsodiscoveredthatnoneofthetraditionalACunitsweremadetotravelwith.So,theydesignedthislight-weight,portableAirCoolingbox.ItusesaverysmallamountofelectricityandallwithoutsacrificinganyofthemainbenefitsofatopACmodel!It’stiny,easytouseanditcancoolyouinseconds!WhatIsSoSpecialAboutThisLittleBox?ThemainbenefitsofAirFreezareitsportabilityandprice.Itisnolargerthanalunchbox.Besides,itcanbepoweredbyapocketsolarpanelorbatterypackandyouprobablyhavetheworld’smostportableACunit.AndThereIsOneMoreThing.Thepriceisjustamazing.MostACunitscostatleast$300ANDyouhavetopayforinstallationPLUScovertheexpensiveelectricitybillseachmonth.AirFreezcostslessthan$100(Actually$53foreachifyoubuymorethanonehere).Nomessyinstallation,noexpensiveelectricitybills.ForaCoolingunitofthisquality,thismustbethesinglebestprice-qualityACunitthereis!HowCanYouGetAnAirFreez?Nowthatyouareawareofthisamazingnewinvention,hereishowtogetone-orderitfromtheOfficialWebsiteforBESTPRICE.21.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAirFreez?A.Smartbutheavy. B.Costlybutmulti-functional.C.Foldableandlasting. D.Handyandenergy-saving.22.WhatcanwelearnaboutAirFreez?AItcostslessthan$53.BItrequiresnocomplexinstallation.C.Itdoesn’tconsumeelectricity.D.Itisalittlelargerthanalunchbox.23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.ToadvertiseAirfreezB.ToexplainthefunctionsofAirFreez.C.TointroducetheinventorsofAirFreez.D.TocompareAirFreezwithtraditionalAC.BIgotmarriedjustafterIgraduatedfromcollegeandfoundajobtosupportourfamilyatthenearbyMassachusettesInstituteofTechnology(MIT).ItwasinthelaboratoryofProf.EdwardLorenzthatIlearnedwhatacomputerwasandhowtodevelopsoftware.Onedaymyhusbandsawanewspaperadvertisement.TheMITInstrumentationLaboratorywaslookingforpeopletodevelopsoftwareto“sendmantothemoon”.Deeplyattractedbothbytheideaandthefactthatithadneverbeendonebefore,Ibecamethefirstprogrammertojoinandthefirstwomanthelabhired.Atthebeginning,nobodythoughtsoftwarewassuchabigdeal.Butthentheybegantorealizehowmuchtheywererelyingonit.Oursoftwareneededtobeveryreliableandabletodetectanerrorandrecoverfromitatanytimeduringthemission.Mydaughter,Lauren,likedtointimateme—playingastronaut.Oneday,shewaswithmewhenIwasdoingasimulation(模擬)ofamissiontothemoon.Shestartedhittingkeysandallofasudden,sheselectedaprogramwhichwassupposedtoberunbeforelaunch.Thecomputerhadsolittlespacethatitwipedthenavigationdatatakinghertothemoon.Ithought:myGod—thiscouldhappenbyaccidentinarealmission.Isuggestedaprogramchangetopreventaprelaunchprogrambeingselectedduringflight.Butthehigher-upsatMITandNASAsaidtheastronautsweretoowelltrainedtomakesuchamistake.Ontheverynextmission,Apollo8,oneoftheastronautsonboardaccidentallydidexactlywhatLaurenhaddone.TheLaurenbug!Itcreateddestructionandrequiredthemissiontoberearranged.Afterthat,theyletmeputtheprogramchangein.ItwastheprogramchangethathadacrucialinfluenceonthesuccessofthemissionofApollo11.DuringtheearlydaysofApollo,softwarewasnottakenasseriouslyasotherengineeringdisciplines(學(xué)科).ItwasoutofdesperationIcameupwiththeterm“softwareengineering”.Thenonedayinameeting,oneofthemostrespectedhardwareexpertsexplainedtoeveryonethatheagreedwithmethattheprocessofbuildingsoftwareshouldalsobeconsideredanengineeringdiscipline,justlikewithhardware.Itwasamemorablemoment.24.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Shecreatedtheterm“softwareengineering”.B.SheisthefirstwomaneverhiredbyMIT.C.ShetaughtLaurentowritesoftware.D.Shegothermaster’sdegreefromMIT.25.“TheLaurenbug”inPara.5refersto______.A.apettoaccompanyLauren B.amistakecausingdatalossC.asoftwareendingprelaunch D.amissiontolandonthemoon26.WhatgreatlycontributedtoApollo11’ssuccessaccordingtothepassage?A.Thein-timeuploadofdata. B.Astronauts’richexperience.C.Experts’newattitude. D.Theprogramchange.27.WhatcanwelearnfromMargaret’sstory?AHonestyisthebestpolicy. B.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.C.Chancesfavorthepreparedmind. D.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.CIfthereisoneplaceyoudon’twanttostickyourfinger,it’sthemouthofaPacificlingcod.Thesefearsomefishhavearound500needleliketeethstickingoutofjaws(頜)thatarestrongenoughtocrushcrustaceans(甲殼動(dòng)物).Howlingcodmaintainthesharpnessoftheirterrifyingteethhaslongbeenapuzzle.Butastudy,publishedinNovemberintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB,claimsthatPacificlingcodkeeptheirteethsharpandshinybyreplacingaboutthreepercentofthemeveryday.Foralingcod,that’supto20teethreplaceddaily.Inordertodeterminethefrequencyatwhichlingcodreplacetheirteeth,Ms.Cohen,acoauthorofthenewstudy,andhercolleagueskept20lingcodattheUniversityofWashington’sFridayHarborLaboratoriesandtrackedhowmanyteeththeylostandregrewoverseveraldays.Thefishwereplacedinatankofseawatermixedwithareddye(染料)thatcoloredtheirteeth,thenreturnedtotheirregulartankfor10days.Whenthe10dayswereup,thefishwereplacedinatankcontainingagreendyeandthenexamined.Theteeththatwerepresentsincethestartoftheexperimentwerebothredandgreen,whereasthenewteethwereonlygreen.Aftercollectingandexaminingatotalof10,000teeth,thescientistswereabletodeterminehowquicklylingcodlostandregrewtheirteethandwhichteethwerereplacedmostoften.Lingcod,likemostfish,havetwosetsofjaws:oraljawsandpharyngealjaws.Theiroraljawsareusedtocatchfoodwhiletheirpharyngealjaws,whicharepositionedintheirthroats,areusedtochewtheirfoodandmoveitfromtheirmouthstothestomach.Ms.Carr,theleadauthor,andcolleaguesfoundthatteetharereplacedmorefrequentlyinthebackofthemouth,wheremostofthechewingandcrushingtakeplace.Thewaylingcodreplacetheirteethislikelycrucialtotheirhuntingstrategy,saysKoryEvans,afishecologistatRiceUniversityinHouston.“Thedulleralingcod’steethare,theharderitisgoingtobeforittoholdontoitstarget.Sohavingtheabilitytoshedteethandreplacethemisprettyimportant.”Dr.Evanssaid,“Inordertomakeitasalingcod,youneedsharppointyteethandallyourteethneedtobeonpoint.”28.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Whatroleseawaterplayed. B.Whatconclusionwasreached.C.Howthestudywasconducted. D.Howteethchangedtheircolors.29.Accordingtothepassage,lingcod’steetharereplaced___________.A.every10days B.tobetterhuntforfoodC.fasterintheoraljaw D.withbiggerandsharperones30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shed”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Repair. B.Sharpen. C.Lose. D.Examine.31.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Towarnpeopleofthedangerofafish.B.Tointroducethefindingsofanewstudy.C.Tostresstheimportanceofreplacingteeth.D.Tosuggestnewwaystoconductstudiesonfish.DAscollegesportscontinuetobehugelypopularandtheNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)bringsinlargeamountsofmoney,peoplehaverestartedthedebateonwhethercollegeathletesshouldgetpaid.Supportersoftheideabelievethat,becausecollegeathletesarebringinginaudiences,theyshouldreceivesomesortofcompensation(補(bǔ)償).Infact,theNCAAbringsinabout$1billionincomeayear,butcollegeathletesdon’treceiveanyofthatmoneyintheformofapaycheck.Additionally,peoplewhobelievecollegeathletesshouldbepaidstatethatpayingcollegeathleteswillactuallyencouragethemtoremainincollegelongerandnotturnprofessionalsasquickly,eitherbygivingthemawaytobeginearningmoneyincollegeorrequiringthemtosignacontract(合同)sayingthey’llstayattheuniversityforacertainnumberofyearswhilemakinganagreed-uponsalary.Peoplewhoargueagainsttheideaofpayingcollegeathletesbelievethepracticecouldbedisastrousforcollegesports.Payingathleteswouldturncollegesportsintoabidding(競(jìng)拍)warwhereonlytherichestschoolscouldaffordtopathletes,andmostschoolswouldbeshutoutfromdevelopingatalentedteam.Itcouldalsoharmthecamaraderiewithinmanycollegeteamsifplayersbecomeunhappythatcertainteammatesaremakingmoremoneythantheyare.Thoseagainstpayingcollegeathletesalsobelievethattheathletesarereceivingenoughbenefitsalready.Thetopathletesreceivescholarshipsthatareworthtensofthousandsperyear.Theyreceivefreefoodandtextbooks,gettravelbonusesandfreeequipment,andcanusetheirtimeincollegeasawaytoattracttheattentionofprofessionalcoaches.Noothercollegestudentsreceiveanywherenearasmuchfromtheirschools.Whilebothsideshavegoodpoints,it’sclearthatthenegativesofpayingcollegeathletesfaroutweighthepositives.Collegeathleteshavebeencompensatedenough.Addingasalarywouldresultinacollegeathleticsystemwhereonlyafewathletesarepaidbysomeschoolswhoenterbiddingwarstosignthemup,whilemoststudentathleticsandcollegeathleticprogramssufferorevenshutdownforlackofmoney.Continuingtoofferthepresentbenefitstostudentathletesmakesitpossibleforasmanypeopletobenefitfromandenjoycollegesportsaspossible.32.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatcollegeathletes________.A.haveearnedwhattheyarepromisedB.tendtoservecollegelongerwhenpaidC.shouldsignacontracttomakeanagreed-uponsalaryD.prefertostayatuniversityratherthanturnprofessionals33.Theunderlinedword“camaraderie”inParagraph3issimilarto“________”.A.friendship B.competition C.spirit D.communication34.Peopleagainstpayingcollegeathletesbelieve________.A.schoolswouldbeunabletoafforditB.itcouldbeharmfultocollegesportsC.noothercollegestudentsreceivebenefitsD.studentswouldvaluepaymentsoverachievements35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspayingcollegeathletes?A.Uncertain. B.Satisfied. C.Unsupportive. D.Expectant.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)．BlindOlympicAthletesShowtheUniversalNatureTuneintoanysportscoverageonTV,andyouwillseemanyathletesproudlyraisetheirarmsandheadsinvictory,whileamuchlargernumberhangtheirshouldersandnecksindefeat.Studieshaverevealedwhy—theyareuniversalbehaviours,performedbyhumansinresponsetosuccessandfailure.ThediscoverycamefromJessicaTracyfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaandDavidMatsumotofromSanFranciscoStateUniversity,whowantedtoseehowpeopleshowedfeelingsofprideandshame._____36_____Theytriedtofindalargegroupofpeople,anditwascriticallyimportantthatsomeofthesesubjectshadneverseenotherpeoplereactingtosuccessorfailurebefore.TheanswerwasAthens,duringthe2004OlympicGames.Itssistercompetition—theParalympics—includedmanyathleteswhowerebornblind._____37_____Workingwithaprofessionalphotographer,TracyandMatsumotocomparedthebodylanguageof108competitors,41ofwhomhadlosttheirsight,and12ofwhomwereblindfrombirth.Thephotographerrepeatedlytookpicturesoftheseathletesaftertheircompetitions,andtheresearcherscarefullyrecordedthepositionsoftheirheads,armsandbodies._____38_____Thewinnerstiltedtheirheadsup,smiled,liftedtheirarmsandpuffedouttheirchests,whileshouldersbentforwardandnarrowedchestswerethemarksoflosers._____39_____Menandwomenwhohaveneverseenotherpeoplebehaveinthesewaysstillmakeexactlythesamemovements.Andwhileit’spossiblethatparentsmayhavetaughttheirblindchildrensomeoftheseactions,it’sveryunlikelythattheycouldhavetaughtthemall—particularlytheexpansionornarrowingofthechest.Theseactionswerealsoremarkablyconsistentbetweencontestantsfromeverypartoftheworld.TracyandMatsumotoarguethatprideandshamedeserveaplacealongsideotherprimaryemotionslikehappiness,fearandsurprise._____40_____A.Analyzingthedata,theyfoundthatthesightedandsightlessathletesbehavedinalmostexactlythesameways.B.Infact,theculturewasfoundtohaveonlyaverysmalleffectontheirbodylanguage.C.Inparticular,theywantedtoknowwhethertheseexpressionswereculturallydeterminedandlearnedthroughobservation.D.Theathletes’behavioursgivestrongevidencethattheyhavehadtheactionsnaturallysincebirth.E.Theresultsuggestedthattheathleteswereshowingtheirpridebasedoncarefulobservation.F.Therefore,theycouldnothavewitnessedhowotherpeoplereactedtowinningandlosing.G.Theyareinbornbehavioursandareaccompaniedbytheirowndistinctsetsofactions.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，35分)第一節(jié)閱讀與表達(dá)(共3小題;第41題1分，第42題3分，第43題4分，共8分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題.TheImpactofSocialMediaonAdolescents(青少年)Usingsocialmediahasbecomearoutineactivityformostyoungpeople.Inrecentyearsthenumberofyoungpeopleusingsocialmediahasincreaseddramatically,soalargepartoftheirsocialandemotionaldevelopmentisoccurringwhiletheyareontheInternet.Socialmediaallowyoungpeopletoachievemanyoftheonlinetasksthatareimportanttothemoffline:stayingconnectedwithfriendsandfamily,makingnewfriends,andexchangingideas.Someschoolssuccessfullyuseblogsasteachingtools,whichhasthebenefitofimprovingskillsinwrittenexpressionandcreativity.Atthesametime,socialmediahelpsthemgetwhattheywant,increasetheirknowledgeandconfidenceintheiracademic(學(xué)業(yè)的)performance.Whilesocialmediaprovidesmanybenefits,itcanalsohaveanegativeimpactonyoungpeople,bothphysicallyandmentally.Itiseasytobecomeaddicted,andresearchshowsthatstudentswhospendtoomuchtimeonsocialmediacansufferfrompoorsleep,eyefatigue,negativebodyimage,depression,anxietyandmore.Researchalsoindicatesthattherearefrequentonlineexpressionsofofflinebehaviours,whichhaveintroducedproblemssuchascyberbullyingandonlineharassment(騷擾).Usingsocialmediabec