Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.第三課時(shí)SectionA(GrammarFocus—4c)Warm-upTalkabouttheFleaMarket.Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?I’vehaditforthreeyears.Roleplay

Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?I’vehaditfor

threeyears.Howlonghashissonownedthetrainandrailwayset?He’sownedit

sincehisfourthbirthday.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?

Yes,IdidwhenIwaslittle,butIhaven’tplayedforawhilenow.Grammarfocus

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有“for＋時(shí)間段”“since＋過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”以及“since＋表示過(guò)去的從句”。[探究]e.g.Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryfortenyears.=Myunclehasworkedatthisfactorysincetenyearago.I’ve

lived

here

since

1990．自從1990年以來(lái)我就住在這里。

I

haven’t

seen

him

for

three

years.

我三年沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)他了。

瞬間動(dòng)詞的肯定式不能和時(shí)間段連用。但其否定式可以和時(shí)間段連用。因?yàn)?，其否定式表示的是一種狀態(tài)，而狀態(tài)總是可以延續(xù)的。如：Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.

我很久沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他了。

Hehasn’tcomehereforsometime.

他有段時(shí)間沒(méi)來(lái)了。

Ihaven’theardfromhersincesheleft.

自她離開(kāi)以后，我一直沒(méi)收到她的來(lái)信。

在表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的句子中，應(yīng)將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相同意義的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。初中英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的有：短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞go,leave,movearrive,come,reachjoin,

becomebuy,get(得到)beaway(off),

beoutofbehere,bein+某地bein,

bea(an)+n.have[拓展]

短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，如become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,go,join,leave,marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have,keep等來(lái)代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：我買(mǎi)這本書(shū)一周了。Ihaveboughtthebookforaweek.(×)Ihavehadthebookforaweek.(√)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))的轉(zhuǎn)換如下：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeoncomeherebeheregotherebetherefinishbeoverdiebe________catchacold________acoldputonweargooutbeoutdeadhave

轉(zhuǎn)化為“be+形容詞/副詞/介詞/名詞”

begin/start—beon

goout—beout

close—beclosed open—beopen

getto/arrive/reach—be(in) die—bedead

leave—beawayfinish—beoverfallsleep—beasleep

join—bein/beamemberofbecome—be

makefriends—befriendscome/go/—be+相應(yīng)的介詞短語(yǔ)wakeupbeawakefallasleepbeasleeplosenothavejoinbein/beamemberofleavebeawayarrive/reachbe(in)例:下面是句子的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換,將原句一般過(guò)去時(shí)改成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Hewenttoschooltwohoursago.(一般過(guò)去時(shí))Iborrowedthebookfivedaysago.getto/arrivein(at)\reach-bein+地點(diǎn)Hehasbeeninschoolfortwohours.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，將gotoschool變?yōu)閎einschool,for+時(shí)間段)Hehasbeeninschoolsincetwohoursago.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since跟過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn))borrow借(短暫)-keep保存(延續(xù))Ihavekeptthebookforfivedays.Ihavekeptthebooksincefivedaysago.Heboughtthebikethreeyearsago.2.Shefellasleeponehourago.3.Mysisterbecameanurseoneyearago.Hehashadthebikeforthreeyears.buy買(mǎi)(短暫)—have\own擁有(延續(xù))Hehashadthebikesincethreeyearsago.fallasleep入睡(短暫)—beasleep睡著的(狀態(tài))Shehasbeenasleepforonehour.Shehasbeenasleepsinceonehourago.become變成(短暫)—be+名詞(延續(xù))Mysisterhasbeenanurseforoneyear.Mysisterhasbeenanursesinceoneyearago.*Hehascome

toBeijingfor

two

years.HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.*Hehasboughtthatbookfor

three

weeks.Hehashadthatbookforthreeweeks.*HehasjoinedtheArmyforoneandahalfyears.Hehasbeeninthearmyforoneandahalfyears.ItistwoyearssincehecametoBeijing.Itisthreeweekssinceheboughtthatbook.ItisoneandahalfyearssincehejoinedtheArmy.×××改錯(cuò)*Hisgrandmahasdied

for

nine

months.Hisgrandmahasbeen

deadforninemonths.Itisninemonthssincehisgrandmadied.×JimisinJapan.Hearrivedtherethreedaysago.__________________________________2.Theyareveryhungry.Theirlastmealwastenhoursago.__________________________________________________________________________Rewritethesentencesusingfororsince.JimhasbeeninJapanforthreedays.Theyareveryhungrybecausetheyhaven’thadtheirmealfortenhours.4a3.Ihaveacamera.Iboughtitin2009._______________________________4.IknowAnna.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.___________________________________5.Lindaisill.ShebecameillonMonday.____________________________________Ihavehadacamerasince2009.IhaveknownAnnaforthreeyears.LindahasbeenillsinceMonday.1.I______________(neverbe)tothewaterparkbefore.Iwantto____(go)nextmonthbeforetheweathergetstoocold.2.They_______________(neverown)anypets,butthey____________(alwayswant)tohaveadog.3.We__________(have)apianosincelastNovember.We_________(buy)itfromtheLifamilywhentheymovedtotheUSlastyear.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.haveneverbeengohaveneverownedalwayswanthavehadbought4b4.CathyandAmy_____________(notbe)backtotheirhometownfortwoyears.They______(miss)theirhometownalotandhopetovisittheplacenextyear.5.Thismuseum__________(be)hereforover20years.It_____(be)oneoftheoldestbuildingsinthissmalltown.haven’tbeenmisshasbeenis4cFillinthequestionsandasktwostudents.Thencompletethechart.1.Doyouhavea(n)________?Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Doyouowna(n)________?Howlonghaveyouownedit?StudentsThingsHowlongTonyfavoritebookbasketballfortwoyearssincehewas10yearsoldStudent1Student2

用sinc