1/8UNIT4單元主題訓練課時作業(yè)(一)語篇閱讀訓練——保準度Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·德陽二模)AfterbeingattackedbyHurricaneIda's150mphwindsandtorrentialrains,hundredsofthousandsofGulfCoastresidentswereleftwithoutpowerandfreshwaterthisweekasa100-degreeheatwavesettledovertheregion.IdasmashedintoLouisianaasaCategory4hurricane,rippingoffroofs,knockingouttransmissionlines,floodingroads,andreducingsomebrickbuildingsindowntownNewOrleanstorubble.Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestormandthe_tollisexpectedtoriseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.OneofthemostpowerfulhurricanestoeverhittheUSmainland,Idabroughta5to12-footstormsurgethatcoveredlow-lyingcommunitiesinsoutheasternLouisiana.GrandIsleisnow“uninhabitable”，saidParishPresidentCynthiaLeeSheng,with3feetofsandcoveringtheentirebarrierislandand40percentofthebuildingscompletelydestroyed.ThestormcausedacitywideblackoutinNewOrleans,butaHurricaneKatrina-leveldisasterwasavoidedthere,thanksinparttothe$14.5billionspentonnewlevees,seawalls,andpumpsafterthe2005storm.ExpertsarewarningthatIdacouldworsentheCovidcrisisintheGulfCoast,asresidentscrowdtogetherinhomesandemergencyshelterswithoutimmediateaccesstotestingormedicalcare.ICUsinLouisiana,Mississippi,andAlabamahospitalswerealreadynearcapacitybeforethestormhit.Nearly1millionpeoplearestillwithoutpoweracrossLouisiana,andauthoritieswarneditcouldbeweeksbeforeelectricityisrestored.“Ifyouhavealreadyevacuated，”saidGov.JohnBelEdwards,“donotreturnhere.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了颶風艾達給墨西哥灣沿岸居民造成的破壞，以及人們?yōu)暮笾亟ǖ那闆r。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHurricaneIda?A．Mild. B．Destructive.C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“IdasmashedintoLouisianaasaCategory4hurricane...asemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.”可推知，颶風艾達極具破壞性。故選B。2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thetoll”meaninParagraph1?A．Thedeathnumber. B．Theheatwave.C．Thewindspeed. D．Thecitywideblackout.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestorm”以及后文“isexpectedtoriseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses”可知，至少有8人在風暴中死亡，且隨著緊急救援人員搜索被毀的房屋和企業(yè)，預計死亡人數(shù)還會上升。畫線詞意思是“死亡人數(shù)”。故選A。3．WhatisoneofthereasonsforGrandIsletobeuninhabitable?A．Theentireislandiscoveredwithsand.B．Itisoneofthelow-lyingcommunities.C．Theresidentstherecan'twaittoleave.D．Overhalfofitsbuildingswereinruins.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“GrandIsleisnow‘uninhabitable，’saidParishPresidentCynthia...completelydestroyed.”可知，這個地方不適合居住的原因之一是整個島被沙子覆蓋了。故選A。4．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheattitudeofGov.JohnBelEdwardstowardstheprospectofLouisiana?A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘Ifyouhavealreadyevacuated，’saidGov.JohnBelEdwards，‘donotreturnhere.’”可推知，JohnBelEdwards州長對路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的態(tài)度。故選D。B(2024·石家莊模擬)Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemaywonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter(震中)andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.“Thespace-timepatternofanimalprecursors(預兆)andforeshocksisstrikinglysimilar，”Woithsaid.“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon'thavesuperpower.”Despitethevastnumberofincidences,goodinformationwaslittleandscientificevidenceislacking.“Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificproof，”Woithsaid.Tobetterstudywhetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes,Woithandhiscolleaguessuggestedthatresearchersaskanumberofyes-or-noquestionsinanyupcomingexperiments,including“Istheexperimentalsetupandmonitoringprocedureclearlydescribedandreproducible？”and“Isitproventhattheanimalbehaviorisreallyunusual？”Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。盡管每次地震過后總有動物異常行為的報道，然而動物能夠預測地震這種結論缺乏科學依據(jù)。動物的異常行為只能說明對前震有所反應，并不能說明它們可以預測地震。5．HowdidWoithconductthestudy?A．Byanalyzingformerreports.B．Byobservinganimals'behavior.C．Bycollectingdataintheearthquake.D．Bycomparinganimals'differentresponses.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內容可知，Woith評估了很多動物異常行為的報告，從而去指導研究。故選A。6．WhatisWoith'snewfinding?A．Tigersbecomedepressedeasily.B．Certainanimalshavesuperpower.C．Someanimalscanreacttoforeshocks.D．Animalsinthesameareaactsimilarly.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內容和第四段中“From...theearthquake.Theydon'thavesuperpower.”可知，并沒有足夠的證據(jù)說明動物能夠預測地震，但是它們會對前震有反應。故選C項。7．Whatsurprisedthescientistsinthestudy?A．Allreportedcasestookplaceinthesamearea.B．Thereweretoomanyreportsaboutforeshocks.C．Someanimalsactstrangelybeforeearthquakes.D．Thepreviousreportslackaccuratedatasupport.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Amajorsurprise...scientificproof”可知，之前的觀點大多都是建立在觀察數(shù)據(jù)基礎之上的，不能作為科學證據(jù)。故選D項。8．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Howanimalsbehaveinearthquakes.B．Whetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes.C．Whatisthelinkbetweenanimalsandearthquakes.D．Whypeoplestudyanimals'behaviorinearthquakes.解析：B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段和最后一段內容可知，文章在討論動物是否具有預測地震的超能力。故選B項。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblorrockedSouthernCaliforniaonJuly5,2019,just34hoursafteramagnitude6.4earthquakehitthesamearea.Thislatesteventwaswidelyfelt.__9__Aftershocksareexpectedtocontinue.Earthquakesarealsocalledtemblors.__10__It'shardtoimaginetheyhappenbythethousandseverydayaroundtheworld,usuallyintheformofsmalltremors.Some80%ofalltheplanet'searthquakeshappenalongtherim(邊緣)ofthePacificOcean.__11__Thatisbecauseofalotofvolcanicactivitythere,aswell.Scientistsgiveamagnituderatingtoearthquakesbasedonthestrengthanddurationoftheirseismic(地震的)waves.Amagnitudeof3to4.9isconsideredminororlight;5to6.9ismoderate(中等的)tostrong;7to7.9ismajor;and8ormoreisgreat.__12__Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear.Earthquakesmayalsoleadtoothernaturaldisasters.Smallertemblorsthatusuallyhappeninthedaysfollowingalargeearthquakecancausefurtherdeathanddamage.__13__A．Itiscalledthe“RingofFire”．B．Theycancausehugedamage.C．Protectyourselfasquicklyaspossible.D．Infact,amagnitude8quakestrikessomewhereeveryyear.E．Lossoflifecanbeavoidedthroughplanningandeducation.F．Oneimportantwayistotrytomakeyourhomeassafeaspossible.G．ItcausedseveralfiresanddamagetobuildingsandroadsinRidgecrestandnearby.語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章以2019年發(fā)生在加利福尼亞州的地震為例介紹了地震的相關知識。9．選G上文中提到加利福尼亞州發(fā)生了7.1級地震，G項指出了此次地震所造成的結果，其中的It指代上文中的“Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblor”。10．選BB項中的They指代上文中的Earthquakes，B項中的“causehugedamage”與下文中的“It'shardtoimaginetheyhappen”語義上形成連貫，指出地震的危害。11．選A下文中的“alotofvolcanicactivitythere”解釋了A項中“RingofFire”——環(huán)太平洋火山帶的含義。12．選DD項承接上文中的“8ormoreisgreat”，與下文中的“Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear”之間是并列關系，指出了全球每年地震發(fā)生的概況。13．選E上句提到大地震之后發(fā)生的震級較小的地震會造成進一步的死亡與損失。E項指出了避免造成這一損失的方法與措施。Ⅲ.完形填空(2025·廣州模擬)Iwasheadinghomeaftergivingmycolleaguealift.Itooka__14__asthesnowstormwasapproaching.Thenthesnowstartedandwascomingdown__15__.WithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.Thewindowswere__16__andgettingcoveredwithsnow,soIsloweddownandrolleddownmydriver'ssidewindow,thinkingIcouldbetter__17__theroadedgeandkeeptoastraightline.Butreally,Ihadno__18__whereIwas.Istoppedandkeptthecarrunningtostay__19__.Icalled911.Theoperatortoldmetowaitthingsoutforthenight.Thecallleftmein__20__.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Anideaoccurredtome.I__21__mylocationonlineandexplainedwhatIwas__22__，wishingforanyonetocometomyrescue.Soonenough,peoplestartedchiminginonmypost.Igota__23__fromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby.Ihadneverbeenmore__24__.ThenIsawabig__25__inthedark.Hehadwalkedabout500metrestogetme,__26__thewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.“You'llbeOK.Followme.”Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthe__27__.Idroveslowlybehindhim.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotearsof__28__.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，描述了作者在一場突如其來的暴風雪中迷路并被困在車中，隨后通過社交媒體發(fā)出求救信號，最終得到一位陌生人的救援，并被引領至安全之地的經歷。14．A.shortcut B．turnC．look D．risk解析：選D根據(jù)下文“asthesnowstormwasapproaching”可知，作者冒著風險(risk)。15．A.soon B．fastC．lightly D．suddenly解析：選B根據(jù)下文“WithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.”可知，雪下得很快(fast)。16．A.locked B．closedC．frozen D．broken解析：選C根據(jù)下文“gettingcoveredwithsnow”可知，此處說的是暴風雪中車窗的狀態(tài)，分析選項，C項的frozen符合語境。17．A.follow B．coverC．mark D．remember解析：選A根據(jù)下文“theroadedgeandkeeptoastraightline”可知，此處說的是沿著(follow)路邊。18．A.plan B．clueC．doubt D．problem解析：選B根據(jù)下文“Istoppedandkeptthecarrunning”以及“Icalled911”可知，作者因暴風雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里。19．A.awake B．calmC．warm D．still解析：選C根據(jù)上文“Istoppedandkeptthecarrunning”可知，作者停下來，但為了取暖(staywarm)，仍然保持汽車發(fā)動機運轉。20．A.confusion B．troubleC．embarrassment D．panic解析：選D根據(jù)上文“Icalled911.Theoperatortoldmetowaitthingsoutforthenight”可知，作者報警求救，卻被告知要等一晚上，故作者感到驚慌失措(panic)。21．A.confirmed B．foundC．posted D．checked解析：選C根據(jù)下文“Soonenough,peoplestartedchiminginonmypost”可知，作者在網上發(fā)了帖子。22．A.lookingat B．goingthroughC．searchingfor D．carryingout解析：選B根據(jù)下文“wishingforanyonetocometomyrescue”可知，作者解釋的是自己經歷的事情。23．A.tip B．commentC．like D．message解析：選D根據(jù)下文“whowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby”可知，作者收到了一條消息(message)。24．A.inspired B．relievedC．convinced D．amazed解析：選B根據(jù)上文“whowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby”可知，在困境中有陌生人打算幫助作者，使作者感到如釋重負(relieved)。25．A.policeman B．creatureC．shadow D．figure解析：選D根據(jù)下文“Hehadwalkedabout500metrestogetme”可知，此處指的是一個高大的人影。26．A.fighting B．avoidingC．checking D．reporting解析：選A根據(jù)第二段“Thenthesnowstartedandwascomingdown________.WithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.”可知，幫助作者的人頂著風雪前來。27．A.goal B．dangerC．depth D．direction解析：選D根據(jù)下文“Idroveslowlybehindhim”可知，前來幫助的人知道方向，所以作者開車跟著他。28．A.hope B．loveC．gratitude D．pride解析：選C根據(jù)上文“Butreally,Ihadno________whereIwas.”以及“Whenwereachedhishouse”可知，作者在暴風雪中迷路時收到了來自陌生人的幫助，故作者心懷感激。Ⅳ.語法填空Naturalphenomena(現(xiàn)象)cansometimesstrikeveryhardandcausedisastersifeffectivemeasureshavenotbeentakenorifsomehuman__1__(activity)haveharmedthenaturalenvironment.Forexample,toomuchwaterthatthesoil__2__(be)unabletotakeincancausefloods,whiletoolittlewaterinsomeareascanleadtodrought.Butpeoplecanmakesituations__3__(bad),forexample,whentreesarecutdownandnonewones__4__(plant)．Thismakesthesoilverydry,whichcancreateconditions__5__(high)suitableforsoilbeingblownaway.What'smore,whenraincomes,theremightnotbeenoughrootsandplantcover__6__(make)thesoilsticktogether,andalandslidecantakeplace.Mostwildfiresarecauseddirectlyorindirectly__7__people.Farmers,forexample,sometimesburn__8__(they)fieldstodealwithwildplantsbeforeplanting,andthefirecangetoutofcontrol.Sometimespeoplearecarelesswhensmokingorforgettoputoutcampfireswhentheygocamping.Alittlesparkissometimesallittakestostart__9__fire.Ifwedestroypartsofnaturesuchasforestsandmountainplants,wearedestroyingthenaturalbarriers__10__protectusfromtsunamis,droughts,landslides,floodsandotherdisasters.語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章介紹了人類與自然災害之間的關系。1．activities考查名詞復數(shù)。根據(jù)其后的謂語動詞have及語境可知，這里指“一些人類活動”，表示泛指，故填復數(shù)形式。2．is