選修三

Unit1Art課文譯文及知識點講解ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING西方繪畫藝術簡史WhatisWesternart?Itishardtogiveaprecisedefinition.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.什么是西方藝術？很難給出一個精確的定義。由于西方的藝術風格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不可能進行全面的描述。也許了解西方藝術的最好方法就是看看幾個世紀以來西方繪畫的發(fā)展。ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING西方繪畫藝術簡史WhatisWesternart?Itishardtogiveaprecisedefinition.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.1.precise:clearandaccurate準確的；精確的；明確的precisedetails/instructions/measurements確切的細節(jié)；明確的指令；精確的尺寸Canyougiveamoreprecisedefinitionoftheword?搭配：tobeprecise:確切地說beprecisein在---方面精確/準確preciselyadv.準確地；精確地；的確如此Nobodyknowspreciselyhowmanypeoplearestilllivinginthecamp.沒有人準確地知道有多少人還生活在那個營地。Thefirstbellrangatprecisely10:29a.m..第一遍鈴聲在上午10:29準時響起。That’spreciselywhatImeant.那恰恰是我的意思。單句語法填空①(2022·全國乙卷)Theycoulddo____________(precise)thesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.完成句子②Canyou_____________________________oftheword?你能給這個詞下個更確切的定義嗎？precisely

giveamoreprecisedefinition

牛刀小試TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)中世紀（5世紀到15世紀）DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwo-dimensional,andthemaincharacterswereoftenmademuchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(1267-1337).Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.在中世紀，西方藝術的目的是向人們傳授基督教。因此，藝術家對寫實場景不感興趣。他們的作品通常較為粗糙且二維化，主體人物通常比其他人物大得多，以顯示他們的重要性。這種情況在13世紀時因喬托·迪·邦多納（1267-1337）而開始改變。盡管他的畫仍然是宗教主題，但它們展示的是真實環(huán)境中的真實人物。尤其是他的畫作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感沖擊而從其他畫作中脫穎而出。TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)中世紀（5世紀到15世紀）DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwo-dimensional,andthemaincharacterswereoftenmademuchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(1267-1337).Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.1.realistic:①現(xiàn)實的；實際的；實事求是的Wehavetoberealisticaboutourchancesofwinning.我們必須實事求是地估計我們獲勝的可能性。②

逼真的；栩栩如生的?arealisticdrawing逼真的繪畫realisticscenes寫實場景realistichumanfaces逼真的人臉2.primiitive

①原始的

primitivetribes原始部落②發(fā)展水平低的；落后的?Thefacilitiesonthecampsitewereveryprimitive.TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)中世紀（5世紀到15世紀）DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwo-dimensional,andthemaincharacterswereoftenmademuchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(1267-1337).Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.3.inparticular特別；尤其Helovessciencefictioninparticular.

拓展beparticularaboutover講究；挑剔She'sveryparticularaboutherclothes.4.setapartfrom使與眾不同；使突出；使優(yōu)于Herelegantstylesetsherapartfromotherjournalists.她的典雅風格使她與其他記者截然不同。set---apart留出；撥出Tworoomsweresetapartforuseaslibraries.留出兩個房間作為圖書室。TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)文藝復興時期（14世紀到17世紀）NewideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedoldonesfromtheMiddleAges.Asaresult,paintersconcentratedlessonreligiousthemes.Theybegantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.AnimportantbreakthroughduringthisperiodwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccio(1401-1428).InfluentialpainterssuchasLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564),andRaphael(1483-1520)builtuponGiottoandMasaccio’sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehadeverseen.新的思想和價值觀逐漸取代了中世紀的思想和價值觀。因此，畫家較少關注宗教主題。他們開始持一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度。這一時期的一個重要突破是馬薩喬（1401-1428）對透視法的運用。一些頗具影響力的畫家，例如萊昂納多·達·芬奇（1452-1519）、米開朗琪羅（1475-1564）和拉斐爾（1483-1520），在喬托和馬薩喬的創(chuàng)新基礎上繼續(xù)發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造出歐洲前所未有的一些最偉大的藝術作品。TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)文藝復興時期（14世紀到17世紀）NewideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedoldonesfromtheMiddleAges.Asaresult,paintersconcentratedlessonreligiousthemes.Theybegantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.AnimportantbreakthroughduringthisperiodwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccio(1401-1428).InfluentialpainterssuchasLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564),andRaphael(1483-1520)builtuponGiottoandMasaccio’sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehadeverseen.1.concentrateon集中精力于；全神貫注于拓展:concentrateone’sattention/efforts/thoughtson把注意力、努力、思想集中到focus/fixone’sattentionon

集中注意力于2.adoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife持一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度3.influentialadj有很大影響力的；有支配力的beinfluentialin

對（做）某事頗有影響haveaninfluenceon

對---有影響

Thisstudybuildson___________(early)work.It’sanargument_______(build)uponsoundlogic.Ifyoucan’tmakeadecision,________(build)onotherpeople’ssuggestions.4.InfluentialpainterssuchasLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564),andRaphael(1483-1520)builtuponGiottoandMasaccio’sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehadeverseen.

一些頗具影響力的畫家，例如萊昂納多·達·芬奇、米開朗基羅和拉斐爾，在喬托和馬薩喬的創(chuàng)新基礎上繼續(xù)發(fā)展，創(chuàng)作出歐洲前所未見的一些最偉大的藝術作品。

buildupon在……基礎上發(fā)展；把……作為……的基礎earlierbuiltbuild難句分析Anotherinnovationwastheuseofoilpaints.Withtheirdeepcoloursandrealism,someofthebestoilpaintingslooklikephotographs.WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechniquereacheditsheightwithRembrandt(1606-1669),whogainedareputation

asamasterofshadowandlight.另一個創(chuàng)新是油畫顏料的使用。由于其深沉的色彩和現(xiàn)實主義風格，一些油畫佳品看上去就像是照片。盡管早在達芬奇時代一些畫家就使用油彩繪畫，但倫勃朗使得這種技藝達到了頂峰，他擁有“光影大師”的雅稱。Anotherinnovationwastheuseofoilpaints.Withtheirdeepcoloursandrealism,someofthebestoilpaintingslooklikephotographs.WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechnique

reacheditsheightwithRembrandt(1606-1669),whogainedareputationasamasterofshadowandlight.1.whileconj雖然；盡管2.asearlyas早在---時期3.reachitsheight達到頂峰4.

gainareputationasamasterofshadowandlight贏得了光影大師的雅稱earn/winareputation

贏得名聲haveagoodreputationas作為---有好的聲譽build/developareputation樹立名聲

destroy/ruinone’sreputation毀了某人的名譽

WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechniquereacheditsheightwithRembrandt(1606—1669),whogainedareputationasamasterofshadowandlight.盡管早在達·芬奇時代一些畫家就使用油彩繪畫，但倫勃朗（1606年—1669年）使得這種技藝達到頂峰，他擁有“光影大師”的雅稱。

while雖然；盡管(=___________)althoughTomisverygoodatscience,whilehisbrotherisabsolutelyhopeless.YoucangoswimmingwhileI’mhavinglunch.Iwassleeping______thephonerang.(表示對比)……而與……同時when難句分析Insubjectmatter,theemphasisincreasinglyshiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus.Kings,nobles,andpeopleofhighrankwantedtopurchaseaccuratepicturesofthemselvesandthepeopletheyloved.Otherswantedpaintingsshowingimportanthistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.在題材上，畫作重點逐漸從宗教主題轉移到人和我們周圍的世界。國王、貴族和上流社會人士都想購買自己和所愛之人的精準畫像。其他人則想要展示重要歷史事件或神話故事的畫作。最后，大多數(shù)客戶都想要看起來美麗有趣的畫作。Insubjectmatter,theemphasisincreasinglyshiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus.Kings,nobles,andpeopleofhighrankwantedtopurchaseaccuratepicturesofthemselvesandthepeopletheyloved.Otherswantedpaintingsshowingimportanthistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.1.rank地位；軍銜；等級peopleofhighrank上流社會的人們peopleofallranks各個階層的人officersofjunior/seniorrankapainterofthefirstrank一流的畫家拓展rankvtvi把---分等級；使排成行berankedfirst/second排名第一/第二2.purchasevt購買；采購n購買；購買的東西makeapurchase

買東西purchasesthfromsb

向某人購買某物①(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste，whetherbynot_____________(purchase)morefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.②(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFund_____________(purchase)morethan5millionacresofhabitat.③Assoonasthesupermarketopeneditsdoor,peoplecrowdedinitandstruggledfortheir____________(purchase).④Whenaclientpurchasessomething_______yourstore,statisticsshowthatheislikelytoshopagain.purchasing

topurchase

purchases

from

Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.最后，大多數(shù)客戶都想要看起來美麗有趣的畫作。注意：be+形容詞+不定式，不定式動作tolookat

的賓語是定語從句的主語，不定式要用主動形式表示被動。(1)他是個很難相處的人。(2)這個問題雖然復雜，但很容易解決。Heisdifficulttodealwith/getalongwith.Whiletheproblemiscomplex,itiseasytoapproach.難句分析Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)印象派時期（19世紀后期到20世紀初期）ThedevelopmentofWesternartsloweduntiltheinventionofphotographyinthemid-19thcentury.Afterthat,paintingswerenolongerneededtopreservewhatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence,paintershadtofindanewwayoflookingattheirart.Fromthis,Impressionism

emergedinFrance.ThenameofthisnewmovementcamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet(1840-1926)calledImpression,Sunrise.Inthiswork,Monet'saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene—thesubjectiveimpressionthescenegavehim—butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.直到19世紀中葉攝影術發(fā)明之前，西方藝術的發(fā)展緩慢。在那之后，不再需要繪畫來保存人和世界的面貌了。因此，畫家們不得不尋找一種新的方式來看待他們的藝術。由此，印象派在法國應運而生。這個新運動的名字來源于克勞德·莫奈（1840-196）的一幅名為《印象·日出》的畫作。在這幅作品中，莫奈想傳達場景中的光線和運動——場景給他的主觀印象——而不是場景本身的詳細記錄。Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)印象派時期（19世紀后期到20世紀初期）ThedevelopmentofWesternartsloweduntiltheinventionofphotography

inthemid-19thcentury.Afterthat,paintingswerenolongerneededtopreservewhatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence,paintershadtofindanewwayoflookingattheirart.Fromthis,Impressionism

emergedinFrance.ThenameofthisnewmovementcamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet(1840-1926)calledImpression,Sunrise.Inthiswork,Monet'saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene—thesubjectiveimpressionthescenegavehim—butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.1.photography:/U/theart,processorjoboftakingphotographsorfilmingsth照相術；攝影photographicadjconnectedwithphotographsorphotography攝影的；攝制的；照片的2.emergevi~(fromsth)tocomeoutofadark,confinedorhiddenplace（從隱蔽處或暗處）出現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)，露出?Theswimmeremergedfromthelake.Shefinallyemergedfromherroomatnoon.?Weemergedintobrightsunlight.。Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)印象派時期（19世紀后期到20世紀初期）ThedevelopmentofWesternartsloweduntiltheinventionofphotography

inthemid-19thcentury.Afterthat,paintingswerenolongerneededtopreservewhatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence,paintershadtofindanewwayoflookingattheirart.Fromthis,Impressionism

emergedinFrance.ThenameofthisnewmovementcamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet(1840-1926)calledImpression,Sunrise.Inthiswork,Monet'saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene—thesubjectiveimpressionthescenegavehim—butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.4.conveyvt~sth(tosb)tomakeideas,feelings,etc.knowntosbSYNcommunicate表達，傳遞（思想、感情等）Colourslikeredconveyasenseofenergyandstrength.紅色之類的顏色可給人以充滿活力與力量的感覺。?Pleaseconveymyapologiestoyourwife.請向你的妻子轉達我的歉意。[Vwh-]?Hetrieddesperatelytoconveyhowurgentthesituationwas.他不顧一切地試圖說明情況是多么緊急。convey,carry，transportconvey常指通過媒介傳遞、輸送，表示交流、傳達信息、情感等carry常表示移動時搬運著某物，或指隨身攜帶transport往往是長距離的運動，常指交通運輸詞語辨析看圖辯詞①MynameisLiHua.I’mwritingtoconveymysincereappreciation_____you.②Alltheinjuredshouldbeconveyed_______thespottothehospitalatonce.③Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetry___________(convey)certainemotions.to

from

toconvey

牛刀小試WhilemanyImpressionistspaintedscenesofnatureordailylife,others,suchasRenoir(1841-1919),focusedonpeople.Unlikethecold,black-and-whitephotographsofthattimeperiod,Renoir’spaintingsarefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlife.Hesoughttoshownotjusttheouterimageofhissubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswell.雖然許多印象派畫家描繪了自然或日常生活場景，但其他畫家，如雷諾阿（1841-1919年）則以人物為關注對象。雷諾阿的畫作與那個時代冷淡的黑白照片不同，充滿了光、影、色彩和生命。他不僅試圖展示他筆下人物的外在形象，而且還展示他們內(nèi)心的溫暖和人性。WhilemanyImpressionistspaintedscenesofnatureordailylife,others,suchasRenoir(1841-1919),focusedonpeople.Unlikethecold,black-and-whitephotographsofthattimeperiod,Renoir’spaintingsarefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlife.Hesoughttoshownotjusttheouterimageofhissubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswell.1.seekvttotrytodosth試圖；設法Theyquicklysoughttodistancethemselvesfromtheprotesters.他們迅速設法遠離抗議者。2.humanity[U]thestateofbeingapersonratherthanagod,ananimaloramachine人性?ThestorywasusedtoemphasizethehumanityofJesus.人們用這個故事來強調(diào)耶穌人性的一面。ModernArt(fromthe20thcenturytotoday)現(xiàn)代藝術（20世紀至今）AfterImpressionism,subsequentartistsbegantoask,“Whatdowedonext?”PainterssuchasPicasso(1881-1973)triedtoanalysetheshapeswhichexistedinthenaturalworldbutinanewway,withCubism.Othersgavetheirpaintingsarealisticbutdream-likequality.Sti