選擇性必修Book3Unit2HealthyLifestyle（B卷·能力提升練）（時間：90分鐘滿分：120分）第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ANoonehaseverseenateenageelephanthesitantlysitdownatthefamilydinnertablewithearphonesonandoccasionallygiveone-wordanswerstoquestions.However,itturnsoutthatadolescentelephants(elephantswhicharenolongerchildrenbutnotyetadults)exhibitotherbehaviorsthatparentsofhumanteensmightrecognize.“They’reinnocent.Theyhavealottolearnandtheymakemistakes,”CynthiaMoss,anelephantexpertinKenyasaid.Thisisparticularlytrueformaleelephants.Theylearnthatiftheyruincrops,theygetbeatenupandthendie.“It’sjustlikeyounghumanmaleswhodrivetoofast,”Mosssaid.BarbaraNatterson,aHarvardbiologistpointedoutthatadolescentanimalsfrequentlyputthemselvesindangerintentionally.Thisbehaviorisseenthroughouttheanimalworld.Theadultsofanyspeciesmayconsidersomeactionsoftheiryounglow-judgmentandhigh-risk;however,theseactionsactuallyserveapurpose.Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator(捕食者)inspection”whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults.Theideathatadolescentsarehard-wiredtotaketheseriskscanhelppeopleunderstandhumanteens’behavior.“Teensseemdriventotrynewthingsandtestboundariesintheirownversionof‘predatorinspection’,”Nattersonsaid.“Theytrytohaveasmanyexperiencesastheycanbeforetheyleavethenest.”Anotherkeyaspectofadolescenceisanincreaseintimespentwanderingingroups.Adolescenceismarkedbyhighlevelsofpeerpressureaswellasnear-disaster.Scientistshavefoundthatadolescentsofallkindsaremorelikelytomakedangerousmoveswhilewithpeers.LaurenceSteinberg,apsychologyprofessoratTempleUniversity,foundsimilaritiesbetweenmiceandhumangroupadolescentbehavior.Hesetuptwoexperiments.Oneinvolvedmice,halfofwhichwereadolescents,drinkingethanol-.spiked(添加乙醇的)water.Theotherinvolvedhumanteensplayingavideogamethatreproduceddrivingconditions.“Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey’realone,”Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound.”ThesefindingsfitwithwhatSteinbergsaysisanothermulti-speciesadolescentquality:thedesiretosocialize.“Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,”Steinbergsaid.“IfIsayteenagersaresocialanimals,Ithinktheword‘a(chǎn)nimal’isjustasimportantinthatsentenceastheword‘social’.”Whiledoingtheirstudy,bothNattersonandSteinbergwereraisingahumanteenintheirhomes.Theirdesiretounderstandanimalswasdrivenbywantingtounderstandtheirownchildren.Theyhopetheirfindingswillhelppeoplewhoareraisingadolescents.1.AccordingtoNatterson,whatisariskybutvaluableactionforadolescentanimals?A.Watchingenemies’behaviorupclose.B.Observinganadulthuntingalargeanimal.C.Challengingpredatorswithotheradolescents.D.Gatheringinformationwiththehelpofparents.2.Steinberg’sexperimentsfound______.A.adolescentanimalsarelesslikelytogetdrunkwhilewithpeersB.teenagersarenotwillingtobesociableinthepresenceofpeersC.bothadolescentanimalsandhumanteensareaffectedbypeerpressureDpeerpressureismorecommoninadolescentanimalsthaninhumanteens3.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A.Adolescentanimalslongtosocializewithteenagers.B.Socializingwithpeersisonequalitythatadolescentsshare.C.“Social”isawordthatcanbeinterpretedindifferentways.D.Theimportanceofsocializinghasbeenrealizedbyteenagers.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明實驗證明青少年動物和青少年人類類似，會故意冒險、受到同伴壓力的影響。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator(捕食者)inspection”whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults.”（一個例子是一種稱為“捕食者檢查”的做法，這意味著青少年動物接近捕食者而不是逃跑。危險的代價是它們可以觀察、嗅到和了解捕食者。它們收集各種各樣的信息，使它們成年后更安全。）可知，對于青少年動物來說，接近它們的敵人——捕食者，并觀察捕食者的行為是危險但有價值的。故選A項。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段““Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey’realone,”Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound.””（斯坦伯格說：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在有同齡人在場的情況下，青少年老鼠比它們獨自一人時喝得更多，而且駕駛研究中的青少年在別人在場時也會冒更多的風(fēng)險。”）可知，青少年動物和人類會受到同伴壓力的影響。故選C項。3.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,”Steinbergsaid.”（斯坦伯格說：“在大多數(shù)情況下，青少年，無論是人還是動物，都喜歡和其他青少年在一起。”）可知，斯坦伯格認(rèn)為青少年的動物和人類都喜歡和其他青少年在一起，動物和人類是類似的，都具有與同齡人交往的特征，劃線句子表示“與同齡人交往是青少年共有的一種特征?！惫蔬xB項。BUrbanplannersmaysoonhaveanewwaytomeasuretrafficjams.Byputtinginthedifferentroutesbywhichvehiclescantravelbetweenlocations,researchershavedevelopedanewcomputeralgorithm(運算法則)thathelpsquantifyregionsofjamsinurbanareasandsuggestswaysaroundthem.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofPhysics:Complexity,usedtrafficspeedsfromtaxisinNewYorkCitytodemonstratehowroadinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)anddriverbehaviorcancreatecomplexroadnetworksthatdifferamongcities.Theteamapproachedtheissuebydesigningacomputeralgorithmtocapturethetopology-orrelationshipbetweenthedifferentroutesbetweenlocations-ofroadnetworks.“WefoundthatthemostsignificanttrafficbottlenecksinManhattanseemtoariseasaresultofthecity’sstructurallayout,”saidstudyco-authorDanielCarmody.“Forexample,thefactthatabridgeentersManhattanatarangewheretrafficisalreadylimitedduetoCentralParkslowstrafficintheareaconsiderably.”TheresearchersperformedacomparativeanalysisusingtrafficpatternsinChengdu,China,totestifthealgorithmworksequallywellinareaswithdifferentlayouts.Manhattanhasalongandthinstructure,whileChengduisround.Therearesignificantdifferencesinthewaytrafficmovesbetweenthesetwodifferentsetups,theresearcherssaid.“ThebottlenecksinChengduseemtoariseduetothefunctionofthebuildingsinaparticulararea”Carmodysaid.“Forexample,itishardtotravelinandoutofthecentralbusinessdistrictinChengdubecauseofthelargeamountoftrafficalone.Beltways,orfasterstreetsaroundbusyareas,haveemergedincirclesaroundthisarea,whichisnotsurprisingbecausethisfeaturewasintentionallybuiltintothecity.”InManhattan,thebridgesandunderpassesthatformtheentryandexitpointscausetrafficslowdowns.However,inlowerManhattan,wheredriversseemtoobeythelowerpostedspeedlimits,trafficmovesmoresmoothly,forminganewtrafficbeltwaywiththesouthernendofCentralParkactingasablockbetweenlowerandcentralManhattan.“ItsurprisedusthatthereisanemergentbeltwayinsuchabusyareaofManhattan,”Carmodysaid.“Thisindicatesthat,unlikeinChengdu,beltwaysseemtoarisefromdriverbehaviorevenwhentheyaren’tpartofthestructuralplanofatrafficnetwork.”“Theresearchershaveimaginedthatthistechnologycouldgiveurbanplannersameanstoquantifytrafficpatterns,leadingtobettertraffic,”Carmodysaid.“Asmethodsoftransportationdevelop,newproblemswillemerge,andwehopethatourtoolswillgiveplannersnewwaystomeasurewhatisgoingonwithcitytraffic.”4.Accordingtothenewstudy,whatcontributestotrafficjamsinManhattan?A.Thenumberofbottlenecksandbeltways.B.Thelocationofbridgesandunderpasses.C.Roadfacilitiesanddriverbehavior.D.Roadsignsandurbanpopulation.5.ResearchersalsostudiedChengduinorderto.A.comparethelayoutsofthetwocitiesB.findbetterinfrastructureforonecityC.designtrafficpatternswiththealgorithmD.assesstheeffectivenessofthealgorithm6.WhydovehiclesmovefasterinlowerManhattan?A.Becauseoflowerpostedspeedlimits.B.Becausedriversfollowthetrafficrules.C.Becauseitisplannedinthetrafficnetwork.D.Becauseabeltwayhasemergedaroundthearea.7.Whoisthetargetofthisnewcomputeralgorithm?A.Cityplanners.B.Slowerdrivers.C.Infrastructuredevelopers.D.Roadsigndesigners.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。研究人員開發(fā)出了一種新的計算機運算法則，該法則可以幫助城市規(guī)劃者量化城市地區(qū)的擁堵區(qū)域，處理交通堵塞的問題。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofPhysics:Complexity,usedtrafficspeedsfromtaxisinNewYorkCitytodemonstratehowroadinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)anddriverbehaviorcancreatecomplexroadnetworksthatdifferamongcities.(這項發(fā)表在《物理學(xué)雜志：復(fù)雜性》上的研究，利用紐約市出租車的交通速度，展示了道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和司機的行為是如何在不同城市中創(chuàng)造出復(fù)雜的道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的)”可知，根據(jù)這項新研究，是道路設(shè)施與駕駛員行為導(dǎo)致了曼哈頓的交通堵塞。故選C項。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“TheresearchersperformedacomparativeanalysisusingtrafficpatternsinChengdu,China,totestifthealgorithmworksequallywellinareaswithdifferentlayouts.(研究人員利用中國成都的交通模式進行了對比分析，以測試該運算法則在不同布局的地區(qū)是否同樣有效)”可知，研究人員也對成都進行了研究，以評估運算法則的有效性。故選D項。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“However,inlowerManhattan,wheredriversseemtoobeythelowerpostedspeedlimits,trafficmovesmoresmoothly(然而，在曼哈頓下城，司機似乎遵守較低的限速，交通移動更平穩(wěn))”可知，因為司機遵守交通規(guī)則，所以曼哈頓下城的車輛跑得更快。故選B項。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Urbanplannersmaysoonhaveanewwaytomeasuretrafficjams.(城市規(guī)劃者可能很快就會有一種處理交通堵塞的新方法)”可知，這個新的計算機運算法則的目標(biāo)人群是城市規(guī)劃者。故選A項。C“Haveyoucheckedtheoilinthecar?”myfatherusedtosaytome,hisversionof“Hello,hopeyouarewell.”Sometimesourphonecallswouldbeginwithaninquiryabouttheoilandendwithaninquiryabouttheoil,withnotalotinbetween.Fathershavealotoflovetogive,butit’softensuppliedthroughthemediumofpracticaladvice.Theaffectionatephrase“Youmademylifebetterfromthemomentyouwereborn”mayberarelyheard,butthereisthemorecommon“I’llholdtheladderwhileyougettheleavesofftheroof.”Whycan’twefathersjustsay“Iloveyou”or“It’sgreattoseeyou”?Thepointis:That’sexactlywhatwearesaying.YoujusthavetotranslatefromthelanguagethatisFatherlish.Listencloselyenoughandthephrase“Iloveyou”canbeheardinthelengthier“IcouldcomearoundSaturdayandreplacethesiliconsealaroundthebaseofyourtoiletbecauseIreckonthatthingisgettingreallysmelly.”WhenIwas17,Iwentonmyfirstroadtrip.Myfatherstoodonthecornerinthepredawnofacoldmorningtobidusfarewell.“Highwaysaredangerous,”hesaid,“sodon’ttryovertakinganythingfasterthanahorseandbuggy.Andtakeabreakeverytwohours.Andeverytimeyoustopforgas,youreallyshouldchecktheoil.”Atthetimewethoughthisspeechwasfunnyandwouldchant“horse-and-buggy”everytimeIflooredtheaccelerator.Dad’slonggonenow.Butafteralltheseyears,IrealizethathadIownedacopyoftheFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary,I’dhaveunderstoodthatthespeechmyfriendandIsocasuallymockedwassimplyDad’sattemptataffection.8.Accordingtothepassage,howdofathersusuallyshowtheiraffection?A.Byinquiringtheirkids’car.B.Bydoingratherthansaying.C.Byofferinghelpfuladvice.D.Byaccompanyingtheirkids.9.Whydoestheauthormentionhisfirstroadtrip?A.Toexemplifytheuniqueparentalconcern.B.Toprovidesomebackgroundknowledge.C.Toexplainthereasonsformymocking.D.Topresentmyfather’sfunnyspeech.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Myfatherhasgonesomewherefaraway.B.Iregrettedmakingfunofmyfather’sspeech.CIownedacopyofFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary.D.Myfather’sspeechgotacrosstomewhenIwas17.11.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor’sfather?A.Caringandconsiderate.B.Devotedandgenerous.C.Talkativeandhumorous.D.Knowledgeableanddiligent.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.A【解析】本文屬于夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講述了作者的父親用實用的建議和實際行動來表達(dá)對作者的愛。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Fathershavealotoflovetogive,butit’softensuppliedthroughthemediumofpracticaladvice.”（父親們有很多愛可以給予，但通常是通過實用的建議來給予的。）可知，父親是通過給作者提供許多使用的建議來表達(dá)他的愛。所以“Byofferinghelpfuladvice.”（通過提供有用的建議。）符合題意。故選C項。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whycan’twefathersjustsay“Iloveyou”or“It’sgreattoseeyou”?Thepointis:That’sexactlywhatwearesaying.YoujusthavetotranslatefromthelanguagethatisFatherlish.”（為什么我們的父親就不說"我愛你"或者"很高興見到你"?其本質(zhì)在于：這正是我們所說的。你需要從父親式的語言中進行領(lǐng)悟。）可知，父親們是在間接表達(dá)他們的孩子的關(guān)心；作者講述自己17歲的那次旅行，目的就是為了表達(dá)父親隱藏的愛。所以“Toexemplifytheuniqueparentalconcern.”（舉例說明父母特有的關(guān)心）符合題意。故選A項。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Dad’slonggonenow.Butafteralltheseyears,IrealizethathadIownedacopyoftheFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary,I’dhaveunderstoodthatthespeechmyfriendandIsocasuallymockedwassimplyDad’sattemptataffection.”（爸爸去世很多年了。但過了這么多年，我才意識到，如果我有一本父親式語言的英語字典，我就會明白，我和朋友如此隨意地嘲笑的那句話，只不過是父親想表達(dá)愛意的一種嘗試。）可知，作者在文中使用了虛擬語氣“hadIowned…Iwouldhavedone”，可推斷出作者是在表達(dá)一種遺憾和后悔情感。所以“Iregrettedmakingfunofmyfather’sspeech.”（我后悔嘲笑父親的話。）符合題意。故選B項。11.推理判斷題。從文中“Haveyoucheckedtheoilinthecar?”（你檢查過車?yán)锏挠土藛?）；“Hello,hopeyouarewell.”（希望你一切安好）；“I’llholdtheladderwhileyougettheleavesofftheroof.”（去取屋頂上的樹葉，我?guī)湍惴鲋葑?。）等這些語言里，可知父親對孩子很關(guān)心，并且為孩子考慮的很周到。所以“Caringandconsiderate.”（關(guān)心和體貼。）符合題意。故選A項。DThefirstthingwenoticeaboutnewpeoplearetheirfaces.Thenexttimeweseethesepeople,werememberthembecauseweremembertheirfaces.Thisseemslikeasimpleprocess.However,scientistsfoundthatitisnotsuchasimpleprocess.Thesectionofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitionseemstoworkdifferentlyfordifferentpeople.Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.Normalbabiesarebornwithanaturalabilitytorecognizefaces.Infact,theirfacerecognitionabilitiesaremuchbetterthantheirparents.Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.Butbyninemonths,theylosethisskill,Byninemonths,ababy’sface-recognitionskillsareaboutthesameasanadult’s.Unfortunately,somepeoplearenotbornwiththisabilitytorecognizefaces.Thepartofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitiondoesn’tworkforthem.Thisconditioniscalledfaceblindness.Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.Theydon’trecognizetheirownface,soforasecondtheyarestartledwhentheyseethisunfamiliarface.Faceblindnessisnotalwayssevere.Scientistsbelieveupto10percentofthepopulationmaybeaffectedbyfaceblindnesstosomedegree,yetmanypeoplewithmildfaceblindnessmightnotevenknowtheyhaveit.Theyhavenoreasontoknowtheyaredifferentfromanyoneelseuntilsomeonepointsitout.Thisissimilartopeoplewithcolorblindness.Colorblindpeoplecan’tseethedifferencebetweencertaincolorssuchasredandgreen,untilsomeonetellsthemthatgreenandredaretwodifferentcolors.Thereisnocureforfaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing.peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.12.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout____________.A.thewaytoimproveone’sface-recognitionskillsB.thefactthatsomepeoplehaveface-recognitionproblemsC.thesimpleprocessofthebraintorecognizeothers’facesD.theimportanceoffacerecognitioninhumancommunication13.Whendopeoplehavethekeenskillsofface-recognition?A.Atbirth. B.Inadolescence.C.Halfayearold. D.Ninemonthsold.14.Theboldword“startled”inthe3rdparagraphisclosesinmeaningto_______________.A.confused B.surprisedC.excited D.depressed15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemoffaceblindness?A.Peopleneedtotakeitseriously. B.Itaffectsagreatnumberofpeople.C.Itcanbecuredinthenearfuture. D.Certaintechniquescanmakeupforit.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了面部識別方面的有關(guān)知識以及有些人存在面部識別的問題。12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.”（有些人很難記住和辨認(rèn)面孔，而另一些人幾乎永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記面孔。）可知，第一段主要想說明，事實上，有些人有面部識別問題。故選B項。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.”（六個月大的嬰兒面部識別能力很強。）可知人們在半周歲時具備敏銳的面部識別技能。故選C項。14.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.”（嚴(yán)重的臉盲癥患者甚至不能認(rèn)出自己的臉。事實上，有這種情況的人有時候在照鏡子的時候會感到驚恐）可知，一些臉盲癥患者不認(rèn)識自己的臉，照鏡子都會害怕，再根據(jù)“Theydon’trecognizetheirownface,”（他們不認(rèn)識自己的臉）可知，他們因為不認(rèn)識自己的臉，所以看到一張陌生的面孔時會感到驚恐，startled應(yīng)和frightened“受驚的”接近，選項中surprised與之詞義最為接近。故選B項。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thereisnocureforfaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing.peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.”（臉盲癥沒有治療方法。所以目前來說。臉盲癥患者需要找到簡單的技術(shù)來彌補他們的問題。他們可以嘗試通過發(fā)型、聲音或眼鏡來識別人。）可知，某些技術(shù)可以彌補臉盲癥患者的問題。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Can'tResistJunkFood?StudySuggestsYouTryThisSimpleTrickYou'retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchawhiffofsomethingdelicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken!____16____Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices.Let'stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose'sattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou'restandinginlineafteracoupleofminutes?____17____Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.Theresultsofaseriesofexperiments,includingfieldstudiesatasupermarketandatamiddleschoolcafeteria,showthatextendedexposure(ofmorethantwominutes)tojunkfoodsmell(e.g,cookiesmell)leadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscomparedwithhealthysmell(e.g.strawberrysmell).____18____Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsmellcanbeassatisfactoryasactuallyhavingitinyourmouth,whichinturndecreasesthedesireforconsumptionofjunkfood.____19____Whentheexposuretosmellofhealthyfoodwereexamined,foodchoiceswerenotprofoundlyinfluenced.Thereasonforthisisthathealthyfoodarenotconnectedwithrewardinourbrainandthereforehavelittleinfluenceonwhatwedesire.Sonexttimeyou'refeelingyoudon'thavethewillpowertoresistthatFrenchfriesitmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.____20____A.Butwaitaminutebeforeyouorder.B.It'saresponsethathasbeenresearched.C.Getthesatisfactionwithnoneofthecalories.D.Itisn'tquiteasirresistibleasitwasjustmomentsago.E.However,it'snotthesamecasewithsmellofhealthyfood.F.It'sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.G.Thebraindoesn'tnecessarilydistinguishbetweenapleasurablesmellortaste.【答案】16.A17.D18.G19.E20.F【解析】本文為說明文，介紹了幾項抵制垃圾食品誘惑的技巧。16.根據(jù)下一句“Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices."可知，暴露在垃圾食品中至少兩分鐘會幫助你選擇健康食品，所以本句與等待時間有關(guān)，表達(dá)“但是在預(yù)定之前先等一下”。故A選項“但是在預(yù)定之前先等一下”切題。故選A。17.根據(jù)前文連發(fā)的兩個問句可知，垃圾食品在第一次被聞到時非常吸引人，那么在排隊等了幾分鐘之后會發(fā)生什么呢?根據(jù)下一句可知，這恰恰是要離開的時刻，可知，本句在表達(dá)“它已經(jīng)不像幾分鐘之前那么不可抗拒了?！惫蔇選項“它已經(jīng)不像幾分鐘之前那么不可抗拒了”切題。故選D。18.根據(jù)本段開頭提示，可知一系列的實驗結(jié)果表明暴露在垃圾食品的氣味中多于兩分鐘后會導(dǎo)致垃圾食品購買量的下降，在進行客觀結(jié)果描述，所以排除易錯選項F，同時，下一句在解釋聞到氣味就如同嘴巴吃到了一樣滿足。可知空處所在句要表達(dá)大腦對味覺和嗅覺區(qū)分不明顯。故G選項“大腦對味覺和嗅覺區(qū)分不明顯”切題。故選選G。19.從下一句“當(dāng)檢測健康食物的氣味時，食物選擇并沒有受到很大的影響。”可以得知空格內(nèi)容與健康食物的氣味相關(guān)，并且表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折的語義。故E選項“然而，健康食物的味道就不一樣了?！鼻蓄}。故選E。20.根據(jù)前句“itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo."（最簡單的方法是坐在那里聞上一兩分鐘香甜的味道）與選項中“It’sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.(聞到味道與吃到它是一樣可以滿足愿望的。)承接自然，話題一致。故選F。第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thelittlecountryschoolhousewasheatedbyacoalstove.Aneight-year-oldboynamedGlennhadthejobofusingkerosenetostartthefireandwarmtheroombeforehisteacherandhisclassmatesarrived.Onecoldmorningsomeone___21___filledthekerosenecontainerwithgasoline,anddisaster___22___.Theclassandteacherarrivedtofindtheschoolhouseburnedinflames.___23___onrealizingthatGlennwasinside,theyrushedinandmanagedtodragthe___24___boyoutoftheflamingbuilding.Hehadmajorburnsoverthelowerhalfofhisbodyandwastakentoanearbyhospital.Fromhisbedthedreadfullyburned,semi-consciousboyheardthedoctortalkingtohismother.Hersonwouldsurelydie.___25___theboydidn'twanttodie.Hewould___26___.Somehow,tothe___27___ofthephysician,hedidsurvive.Unfortunately,Glennhadnomotor___28___.Onesunnydayhismotherwheeledhimoutintotheyardtogetfreshair.Insteadofsittingthere,hethrewhimself___29___thechair.Glenn___30___himselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Heworkedhiswaytothewhitefence.Withgreat___31___,heraisedhimselfuponthefence.Hestartedtodothiseveryday___32___heworeasmoothpathallaroundtheyardbesidethefence.Therewas___33___hewantedmorethantodeveloplifeinthoselegs.Glenn'sironpersistenceanddetermination___34___.Hediddeveloptheabilityfirsttostandup,thentowalkwithhelp,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.Heeventuallyreceivedthe___35___"KansasFlyer".21.A.deliberately B.secretlyC.mistakenlyD.cautiously22.A.struck B.stuckC.beat D.attracted23.A.ThrilledB.TerrifiedC.RegretfulD.Puzzled24.A.speechlessB.unconsciousC.blind D.deaf25.A.And B.OrC.But D.So26.A.survive B.resistC.escapeD.recover27.A.happiness B.reliefC.amazementD.confusion28.A.desire B.talentC.will D.ability29.A.into B.fromC.overD.upon30.A.helped B.managedC.pushedD.pulled31.A.effortB.encouragementC.CourageD.help32.A.because B.ifC.untilD.as33.A.something B.anythingC.everythingD.nothing34.A.paidfor B.paidoffC.paidbackD.paidup35.A.award B.rewardC.nicknameD.record【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.B25.C26.A27.C28.D29.B30.D31.A32.C33.D34.B35.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了男孩格倫在意外中失去了行動能力，最終通過堅持和決心恢復(fù)了站立的能力的故事。21.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個寒冷的早晨，有人誤將煤油桶裝滿了汽油，災(zāi)難發(fā)生了。A.deliberately故意地；B.secretly秘密地；C.mistakenly錯誤地；D.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地。根據(jù)后文“filledthekerosenecontainerwithgasoline”可知，有人誤將煤油桶裝滿了汽油，故選C。22.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個寒冷的早晨，有人誤將煤油桶裝滿了汽油，災(zāi)難發(fā)生了。A.struck罷工；B.stuck卡?。籆.beat打?。籇.attracted吸引。上文提到有人誤將煤油桶裝滿了汽油，所以引起了災(zāi)難，strike此處表示“觸發(fā)，發(fā)生”符合語境。故選A。23.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：意識到Glenn在里面，他們嚇壞了，沖了進去，設(shè)法把失去知覺的男孩從燃燒的大樓里拖了出來。A.Thrilled激動的；B.Terrified害怕的；C.Regretful后悔的；D.Puzzled困惑的。根據(jù)后文“onrealizingthatGlennwasinside”可知他們意識到Glenn在里面，很害怕。故選B。24.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：意識到Glenn在里面，他們嚇壞了，沖了進去，設(shè)法把失去知覺的男孩從燃燒的大樓里拖了出來。A.speechless說不出話的；B.unconscious昏迷的；C.blind盲目的；D.deaf聾的。結(jié)合上文動詞drag表示“拖拽”可知，男孩當(dāng)時失去了意識，無法自己行動。故選B。25.考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：但男孩不想死。A.And并且；B.Or或者；C.But但是；D.So所以。結(jié)合前后語境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞but。故選C。26.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他會活下來。A.survive幸存；B.resist抵抗；C.escape逃走；D.recover恢復(fù)。根據(jù)后文“hedidsurvive”可知此處指男孩存活、幸存下來。故選A。27.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令醫(yī)生驚訝的是，不知怎的，他竟然活了下來。A.happiness幸福；B.relief安慰；C.amazement驚訝；D.confusion困惑。上文“Hersonwouldsurelydie”提到男孩會死，結(jié)果他竟然活了下來，令醫(yī)生驚訝。故選C。28.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，格倫沒有行動能力。A.desire渴望；B.talent才能；C.will意愿；D.ability能力。根據(jù)后文“Insteadofsittingthere”可知格倫雖然存活下來了，但是沒有了行動能力。故選D。29.考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：他沒有坐在那里，而是從椅子上把自己拖了下來。A.into進入；B.from來自；C.over越過；D.upon在……上。根據(jù)上文“hethrewhimself”指格倫把自己從椅子拖上下來，故選B。30.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：格倫拖著雙腿穿過草地。A.helped幫助；B.managed管理；C.pushed推；D.pulled拉。根據(jù)后文“himselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim”可知格倫憑借自己的力量拖著雙腿穿過草地。故選D。31.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他費了很大的勁才在籬笆上站起來。A.effort努力；B.encouragement鼓勵；C.courage勇氣；D.help幫助。根據(jù)后文“heraisedhimselfuponthefence”可知沒有行動能力的格倫，費了很大的勁才在籬笆上站起來。故選A。32.考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：他每天都這樣做，直到在院子的籬笆旁鋪上了一條平坦的小路。A.because因為；B.if如果；C.until直到；D.as正如。引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“直到”應(yīng)用until。故選C。33.考查不定代詞辨析。句意：他最希望的就是讓他的腿重獲生命。A.something某事；B.anything任何事；C.everything一切；D.nothing沒有什么。根據(jù)后文“hewantedmorethantodeveloplifeinthoselegs”可知格倫唯一的希望就是雙腿恢復(fù)正常，故選D。34.考查動詞短語辨析。句意：格倫的堅持和決心得到了回報。A.paidfor支付；B.paidoff取得成功；C.paidback報答；D.paidup全部付清。根據(jù)后文“Hediddeveloptheabilityfirsttostandup”可知格倫培養(yǎng)了站起來的能力，可見格倫的堅持和決心得到了回報。故選B。35.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他最終獲得了“堪薩斯飛行者”的綽號。A.award獎；B.reward回報；C.nickname綽號；D.record記錄。"KansasFlyer"是別人給格倫取得綽號。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa___36___(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers___37___(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth___38___(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore___39___decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___40___(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.___41___(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated___42___health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy___43___(care)forandmakegreatpresents.BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The___44___(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare_____45_____firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.【答案】36.celebration37.carries38.coming39.than40.decorated41.Certainly42.with43.tocare44.beautiful45.the【解析】本文是一篇說明文。語境是人與社會。文章介紹了中國的新年，寓意冬季的結(jié)束、春季的開始。還介紹了一些春節(jié)期間用來裝扮的有些植物、水果和鮮花的寓意。36.考查名詞。句意：中國新年是一個慶祝冬天的結(jié)束和春天的開始的節(jié)日。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式做表語。故填celebration。37.考查主謂一致。句意：這就是為什么