2014年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題答案及解析（卷二）寫(xiě)作部分題目Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheimpactoftheInternetonlearningandthenexplainwhyeducationdoesn'tsimplymeanlearningtoobtaininformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.（圖片內(nèi)容：一個(gè)學(xué)生坐在電腦前，電腦上顯示著“Google”搜索引擎頁(yè)面，學(xué)生說(shuō)“OnceIknowhowtouseGoogle,whatelsedoIneedtoknow?”）范文TheInternethasexertedaprofoundimpactonlearning.Ithasmadeinformationreadilyaccessible.Studentscanfindanswerstoalmostanyquestionwithjustafewclicks.Theynolongerneedtospendhoursinlibrarieslookingthroughnumerousbooks.Thishasgreatlyenhancedtheefficiencyoflearning.However,educationdoesn'tsimplymeanlearningtoobtaininformation.First,theinformationontheInternetisvastandnotallofitisreliable.Withouttheabilitytocriticallyevaluatetheinformation,studentsmaybemisled.Second,real-educationinvolvescultivatingthinkingskills,suchasanalysis,synthesis,andcreativity.MerelygettinginformationfromtheInternetdoesn'tnecessarilydeveloptheseskills.Forexample,astudentwhocanquicklyfindtheanswertoamathproblemontheInternetmaynottrulyunderstandtheunderlyingprinciples.Inconclusion,whiletheInternetisapowerfullearningtool,trueeducationrequiresmorethanjustinformation-gathering.分析-首段描述互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的影響，提到信息獲取便捷和提高學(xué)習(xí)效率，切題且符合題目從描述影響入手的要求。-第二段從信息可靠性和培養(yǎng)思維能力兩方面解釋教育不只是獲取信息，邏輯清晰，有具體例子支撐觀點(diǎn)。-結(jié)尾總結(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)雖有用，但真正教育不止于收集信息，結(jié)構(gòu)完整。聽(tīng)力部分短對(duì)話1.原文M:Thisarticleisnothingbutadvertisingforhousingdevelopers.Idon'tthinkthehousesforsalearehalfthatgood.W:Comeon,David.Whysonegative?We'rethinkingofbuyingahome,aren'twe?Justatriptolookattheplacewon'tcostusmuch.Question:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?Answer:Thewomanismoreoptimisticaboutthehousesforsale.Analysis:Themanisnegativeaboutthehousesdescribedinthearticle,whilethewomantriestopersuadehimtogoandhavealook,showinghermorepositiveattitude.2.原文W:We'resupposedtomeetJohnhereattherailwaystation.M:That'slikelookingforaneedleinahaystack.Thetrainhasarrivedearlyandthestationispackedwithpeople.Question:Whatdoesthemanimply?Answer:It'sdifficulttofindJohnatthestation.Analysis:Themanusestheidiom“l(fā)ookingforaneedleinahaystack”whichmeansit'sveryhardtofindsomething,andmentionsthecrowdedstation,indicatingthedifficultyoffindingJohn.長(zhǎng)對(duì)話原文M:Hi,MissRowling.Howoldwereyouwhenyoustartedtowrite?Andwhatwasyourfirstbook?W:IwrotemyfirststorywhenIwasaboutsixyearsold.Itwasaboutasmallanimal,arabbit,Imean,andI'vebeenwritingeversince.M:Whydidyouchoosetobeanauthor?W:IfsomeoneaskedmewhenIwasyoungwhatIwantedtobe,Iwouldsayanauthor.I'manauthorbecauseIlovewriting.Question1:Whendidthewomanbegintowrite?Answer:Ataboutsixyearsold.Analysis:Thewomanclearlystatesthatshewroteherfirststorywhenshewasaboutsixyearsold.Question2:Whydidthewomanbecomeanauthor?Answer:Becausesheloveswriting.Analysis:Shesays“I'manauthorbecauseIlovewriting.”whichdirectlygivesthereason.短文聽(tīng)力原文Inthepastfewdecades,remarkablefindingshavebeenmadeinethology,thestudyofanimalbehavior.Earlierscientiststhoughtthatnon-humananimalsaremostlyguidedbyinstinct.However,thelatestresearchhasshownthatmanyanimalshavetheabilitytolearnandadapt.Forexample,chimpanzeescanlearntousetools.Theycanbreaknutswithstones.Question1:Whatwastheearlierviewonnon-humananimals?Answer:Theyaremostlyguidedbyinstinct.Analysis:Thepassagementionsthat“Earlierscientiststhoughtthatnon-humananimalsaremostlyguidedbyinstinct.”Question2:Whatcanchimpanzeesdoaccordingtothepassage?Answer:Theycanlearntousetoolsandbreaknutswithstones.Analysis:Thepassagegivestheexampleofchimpanzeesbeingabletolearntousetoolsandbreaknutswithstones.閱讀理解部分選詞填空原文Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops(啤酒花),forexample,whichgivemanyamodernbeeritsbitterflavor,area__1__recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda__2__ingredientinresidue(殘留物)from5,000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.WhilediggingtwopitsatasiteintheZagrosMountains,theydiscoveredpotteryjarsandfunnels(漏斗).Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers__3__theywereusedtobrew,filter,andstorebeer.They'rebelievedtobetheoldest__4__evidenceofbeerbrewingintheworld.To__5__thattheory,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried__6__insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikebarley(大麥),andabout10%werebitsofroots,__7__lily,whichwouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:thecropwasdomesticatedinWesternEurasiaatleast10,000yearsago,but__8__intheZagrosMountainsregionmuchlater.Otherfindingsincludeda__9__axeandpotteryfragmentsthatdatebacktothesameperiod.Theancientvesselsandtheorganicremainsare__10__attheNationalMuseumofIraninTehran.OptionsA)arrivedB)consumingC)directD)exclusivelyE)evidenceF)filtersG)rawH)reachedI)relativelyJ)remainsK)resourcesL)sealedM)suggestN)testO)traceAnswers1.IAnalysis:“relatively”meanscomparatively.Itmakessensetosaythathopsarearelativelyrecentadditiontobeer,indicatingtheywereaddedtobeernotsolongagocomparedtootheringredients.2.OAnalysis:“trace”asanounheremeansaverysmallamountorasign.Theresearchersfoundatraceingredientintheresidue,whichisasmall-quantityingredient.3.MAnalysis:Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers“suggest”thattheywereusedfordifferentbeer-relatedprocesses.“suggest”isusedtoimplyorgiveanindication.4.CAnalysis:“direct”evidencemeansevidencethatdirectlyprovessomething.Thepotteryjarsandrelatedfindingsaredirectevidenceofbeerbrewing.5.NAnalysis:“test”atheorymeanstocheckorverifyit.Theteamexaminedtheremainsinsidethevesselstotestthetheoryaboutthebeer-brewing.6.JAnalysis:“remains”refertowhatisleft.Thedriedyellowishsubstanceinsidethevesselsaretheremains.7.OAnalysis:“trace”isusedagaintoshowthatthereweresmallamountsoflilyroots,whichisatraceingredientthatwouldmakethebeersweeter.8.AAnalysis:“arrived”isusedtodescribethatbarleyappearedintheZagrosMountainsregionmuchlater.“arrive”canbeusedtotalkaboutthecomingorappearanceofsomething.9.GAnalysis:“raw”axemeansanaxeinitsnaturalorunprocessedstate.Itfitsthecontextofotherancientfindings.10.LAnalysis:“sealed”candescribethattheancientvesselsandorganicremainsarekeptinaclosedorprotectedstateatthemuseum.長(zhǎng)篇閱讀原文Passage:TheCostofHigh-TechWeapons[A]Thedevelopmentanddeploymentofhigh-techweaponshavebecomeasignificantpartofmodernmilitarystrategies.However,theseweaponscomewithaheftypricetag.Theresearch,development,andproductionofadvancedfighterjets,forexample,requirebillionsofdollars.[B]Oneofthemainreasonsforthehighcostisthecomplexityofthetechnologyinvolved.High-techweaponsoftenincorporatethelatestadvancementsinelectronics,materialsscience,andaerodynamics.Forinstance,stealthtechnologyusedinsomefighterjetsmakesthemdifficulttodetectbyradar,butitalsoaddsagreatdealtothecost.[C]Anotherfactorcontributingtothehighcostisthelimitedproductionvolume.Unlikeconsumerproductsthataremass-produced,high-techweaponsareusuallyproducedinsmallnumbers.Thismeansthatthefixedcostsofresearchanddevelopmentarespreadoverarelativelysmallnumberofunits,drivinguptheunitcost.[D]Thecostofmaintainingandoperatinghigh-techweaponsisalsosubstantial.Theseweaponsrequirespecializedtrainingforthepersonnelwhooperateandmaintainthem.Moreover,thesparepartsforhigh-techweaponsareoftenveryexpensive.[E]Thehighcostofhigh-techweaponshasimplicationsformilitarybudgets.Manycountriesfinditchallengingtoaffordthecontinuousdevelopmentandacquisitionoftheseweapons.Asaresult,theymayhavetomakedifficultdecisionsaboutwhichweaponstoprioritize.[F]Inaddition,thehighcostcanleadtoasituationwhereonlyafewcountriescanaffordtodevelopanddeploythemostadvancedhigh-techweapons.Thiscancreateanimbalanceinglobalmilitarypower.[G]However,therearealsosomejustificationsforthehighcost.High-techweaponscanprovideasignificantmilitaryadvantage.Theycanincreasetheeffectivenessandprecisionofmilitaryoperations,reducingtherisktosoldiers'lives.[H]Forexample,unmannedaerialvehicles(UAVs),ordrones,canbeusedforsurveillanceandtargetedstrikes.Theycanoperateindangerousareaswithoutputtinghumanpilotsatrisk.[I]Moreover,thedevelopmentofhigh-techweaponscanalsodrivetechnologicalinnovationinothersectors.Theresearchanddevelopmentinmaterialsscienceandelectronicsformilitaryapplicationscanhavespin-offbenefitsforcivilianindustries.[J]Inconclusion,whilethehighcostofhigh-techweaponsisamajorconcern,italsohassomepositiveaspects.Abalanceneedstobestruckbetweenthecostandthebenefitstoensuretheeffectiveuseofmilitaryresources.Questions1.Whatisoneofthemainreasonsforthehighcostofhigh-techweapons?Answer:Thecomplexityofthetechnologyinvolved.Analysis:ParagraphBstatesthatoneofthemainreasonsforthehighcostisthecomplexityofthetechnology,ashigh-techweaponsincorporatethelatestadvancementsinmultiplefields.2.Whydoeslimitedproductionvolumecontributetothehighcost?Answer:Thefixedcostsofresearchanddevelopmentarespreadoverarelativelysmallnumberofunits.Analysis:InparagraphC,itisexplainedthatsincehigh-techweaponsareproducedinsmallnumbers,thefixedR&Dcostsaredividedamongafewunits,increasingtheunitcost.3.Whataretheimplicationsofthehighcostformilitarybudgets?Answer:Manycountriesfinditchallengingtoaffordcontinuousdevelopmentandacquisition,andtheyhavetomakedifficultdecisionsaboutweaponprioritization.Analysis:ParagraphEdescribeshowthehighcostaffectsmilitarybudgets,forcingcountriestomaketoughchoices.4.Whatarethejustificationsforthehighcostofhigh-techweapons?Answer:Theycanprovideamilitaryadvantage,increasetheeffectivenessandprecisionofmilitaryoperations,reducetherisktosoldiers'lives,anddrivetechnologicalinnovationinothersectors.Analysis:ParagraphsG,H,andImentionthesejustificationsforthehighcostofhigh-techweapons.仔細(xì)閱讀Passage1Thequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartsinhighereducationisn'taneither/orproposition(命題),althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM(science,technology,engineering,maths)-relatedfieldscanmakeitseemthatway.Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsoassertsthatthestudyofthehumanities(人文學(xué)科)andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofAmerica'seducationalsystematalllevels.Botharecriticaltoproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateeffectivelyinourdemocraticsociety,becomeinnovativeleaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrichmentthatthereflectiononthegreatideasofmankindovertimeprovides.Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates'jobprospectsastechnologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarketstransformtheneedforworkforceskills.AccordingtothelatestreportfromtheBureauofLabourStatistics,healthcarejobsareprojectedtogrowatmuchfasterratethananyothersector.Thishasledtoawaveofinterestinmedicalandhealthcareprograms.Butgraduateswithdegreesinhumanitiesandsocialscienceshavenoreasontofeelpessimistic.Infact,statisticsshowthatthehumanitiesmajorsarejustaswell-equippedtosucceedintheworkplaceastheirscienceandtechnologycounterparts.Indeed,employersdovaluecreativityandanalyticalskillswhicharedevelopedinthehumanities.TheBureauofLabourStatisticsprojectsthatmanyofthejobsingrowingfieldswillrequireanabilitytothinkcritically,communicateeffectively,andworkinteams.Theseareexactlytheskillsthathumanitiesmajorslearntodevelop.Questions1.Whatdoesthelatestcongressionalreportsuggest?Answer:BothtechnicaltrainingandthestudyofhumanitiesandsocialsciencesareimportantinAmerica'seducationalsystem.Analysis:ThepassagestatesthatthelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgestheimportanceoftechnicaltrainingandassertsthatthestudyofhumanitiesandsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofAmerica'seducationalsystematalllevels.2.Whydoparentsandstudentsworryaboutgraduates'jobprospects?Answer:Technologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarketstransformtheneedforworkforceskills.Analysis:Thepassagementionsthat“Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates'jobprospectsastechnologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarketstran