2024學(xué)年崇明區(qū)第一學(xué)期高三第一次模擬考試英語（考試時間105分鐘，滿分115分。請將答案填涂在答題紙上）I.GrammarSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagetheblanksthepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.theblanksagivenword,eachblanktheproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbesteachblank.Report:HarmfultoTheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)saidareportthatpublicwastecreationgreatlyincreaseby2050.Therisecausehundredsofbillionsofdollarsofthroughbiodiversityloss,climatechange,anddeadlypollution,reports.GlobalManagementOutlook2024worldwidewastecreationwouldgreatlyincrease(1)_____governmentspreventativemeasures.(2)_____(cause)bythegrowingwastewouldaccountforabout$443billionofthetotalcost.Thereport,calledBeyondanAgeofRubbishintoa,(3)_____(release)duringtheU.N.EnvironmentAssemblyearlythisweek.Thewritersthathumanity(4)_____(move)backwardsoverthepasttenyears.Theysayhumansarecreatingmorewaste,morepollution,andclimatechanginggases.preventionmeasuresandimprovedwastetreatmentcouldreducethosecosts,thereportsaid.Butnotes,therearemajorbarriers(5)_____suchreforms.Negotiatorsareworkingtowardanagreement(6)_____(deal)theespeciallydamaginganddangerouspollutionfromplastics.TheyarebeginningafourthroundoftalksApril.ExecutiveDirectorIngerAndersensaidshehopefultheycompletetheagreementbytheendofthisEnvironmentalistsandfossilfuel(化石燃料)producerscontinuedisagreeabouttheoftheagreement.Theyespeciallydispute(7)_____thedealshouldcenteronreducingplasticsproductionorincreasingrecyclingandreuse.“Thereaninterest,especiallyamongthecountries(8)_____areproducingrawpolymer(聚合物),butasIkeeptellingthisnotananti-plasticagreement,”Andersentoldthereporters,(9)_____(note)therewouldbeaneedforplasticsvehiclesandmedicalequipment.Andersensaid(10)_____shehopesthatnogroupswouldworkblockprogressontheagreement,butinstead“findawayforwardthatactuallytakesintoaccountthefactthatwearedrowningplastic.”1SectionBDirections:Filleachblankaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereonewordmorethanneed.A.appealingG.minimumattainablebasicallyD.dramaticallyfreedomJ.underlyingK.withdrawalkicksH.prioritizessubmitsMovement:FinancialIndependence,EarlyManyAmericansaretakingearlyretirementintotheirownhandsbyjoiningtheFIREmovement,butnotforeveryone.“FinancialIndependence,RetireEarly”(FIRE)alifestylemovementthatsavingandinvestingbeableretireearlierthantraditionalmethodsThegoalofFIREachievefinancial12soinvestorscanchoosehowspendtheirtime.conceptofthemovement13havingthefinancialflexibilityhavetheultimateextremeRachaelBurns,afinancialplanneratFinancialPlanning,basedFolsom,California.AsurveyfoundthatofAmericanswhoretiredbutplanretire,25%wantretirebefore50and18%wantretiretheir50s.Theaveragewas57,10yearsearlierthanthefullretirementSocialPeoplewhouseFIREretireearlydosoby14reducingtheirexpenses,lookingforincreasetheirincome,andinvestingthemoneytheyamixoftax-advantagedaccountsaswellasregular(傭金)accounts.Retiringearlysoundstopworking,you’llhaveberesponsibleforyourownmedicalexpensesuntilMedicarearound65,andyourinvestmentsmaynotperformaswellasthought.Eitheroneofthose15,buttherearerisks,andnotforeveryone.instance,16situationscouldhaveconsequencessuchashavingraiseyourworkforce.FIREalsorequirescuttingdownexpensesthebareinvest,whichnoteveryonecan1718rateorneedingre-enterthesohavemoreincomealong-termandbetooreactiveshort-termeconomicevents,”Burnsmayneedoryearsonmarketbutthe19strategyshouldstaythesame.”earnenoughcoveryourbasicneedsandgreatlyforearlyretirementatthetime,maynotbeforyou,Burnssays.Lackinganfundorowinghigh-interestdebtmaybeotherreasonsthatFIREnotbe20.II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:eachblankthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,CandD.eachblankthewordorphrasethatbestthecontext.2AdministratorsoftheMogaoCavesDunhuang,GansuProvince,aretryingharmonizetourists’explorationofthetheneedsafeguardthemurals(壁畫),throughinnovativemeasures.Sandstorms,rainfallandtouristvisitsconstitutethesevere21theUNESCOHeritageSite,saidXiaowei,directoroftheDunhuangGrottoesMonitoringCenterattheDunhuangSincetheCavesopenedthepublic1979,thenumberofvisitorshasbeen22atanaverageannualrateofaround20percent,reaching2.15million2019.23tourismmonthsofAugustandyou’llfindhardenterthecavesduringthebreathe,”said.Thecarbondioxideandmoisture(潮氣)breathedoutbyvisitorsincreaseinsidethecavesandcausethemurals,said.preservethecaves,thedurationofvisitsstorms.ensurevisitors25whenrestrictionsareplace,thecenterprovidesadigital26accommodateanadditional3,000visitors24andsometimesstoppedduringrainordustexhibition,hesaid.thecenterbeingontopoftheexistingcapacityof6,000.TheDunhuangAcademybegansculpturesover30yearsago.Thedigitizationprojecthassuccessfullydedicatedteamofexpertscurrentlyundertakingthe“Digitaltechnologynotonlyservesculturaltourismbutalso29ahistoricalrecordforfuturegenerations,”saidDingXiaosheng,deputydirectoroftheInstituteofCulturalHeritageDigitizationattheDigitizationalsobrings27recordingandstoringimagesofmuralsandpainted28over200caves,athewondersoftheMogaoCavesa30audience,accordingBomin,headofthe31,andtransportingthemimpossible,”said.Dunhuang“TheMogaoCavesaredigitization,wecanperfectlycopyDunhuangartexactlyandshowworldwide,introducingEasternculturetheworld.”2016,theDigitalDunhuangwentlive,sharinghigh-definitionimagesandbeautiful30cavesvisitorsfrom78countrieshavetotalingover16.8millionvisits.3233toursofthethemurals,saidDunhuangcandigitizingtheserelics,weenablepeopleworldwideunderstandculture,therebygainingadeeperappreciationforhistorical35diverseculturalexchanges—thatis,anideaofmutuallearningandasharedfuture,”hesaid.34diverseculturalexchangesthroughcultural(遺跡).“ByA.shortagesA.doublingA.culturalA.limitedrestrictionsgrowingpreviousextendedamazedcontributionscontinuingpeakD.threatsD.varyingD.commercialD.concealedD.disappointedD.repairedpublicizedscaredA.confusedA.expandedA.exclusivelyconstructeddigitallydecoratedsubjectivelyD.autonomously3A.clarifiedA.comesacrossA.globalhighlightedturnsoverprofessionalirreproducibletemporaryaccessedcoveredD.strategizedD.letsaloneD.differentD.immovableD.steadyleavesbehindtechnologicalcontroversialconventionalpraisedA.complicatedA.virtualA.imitated34.A.rejectD.purchasedD.classifyprovideadjustA.adaptationattentionadmissionD.commitmentSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassagefollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestaccordingtheinformationgiventhehavejustread.A）ThePulitzersareAmericanawardsgivenwithintheUnitedStatesforoutstandingachievementjournalismaswellasbooks,dramaandmusic.Undertheseheadings,thereare22categoriesincludingonlinejournalism,newspaperreporting,fiction,music,drama,photographyandmore.Recipientscanbeanewsorganization,anindividualoragroupofpeople.Eachofthefirst21winnersreceivesa$15,000cashprizeandacertificate.Thetwenty-secondprize,thePublicServicePrize,whichalwaysgivenanewsInsteadofcash,thenewsorganizationreceivesthePulitzerGoldMedal.TheofthewinnerononesideofthecoinandtheyearonthewinnersarehonoredandawardedtheirprizesatanannuallunchTheeventtakesplaceatColumbiawhichwasoriginallytaskedadministeringtheaward,andusuallyoccursbeenforaHungarian-AmericannamedJosephtheawardswouldneverhaveintoexistence.PulitzerwasbornintoawealthyfamilyHungary1847.HemadehiswayAmericaandbuiltacareerjournalism.Hedevelopedareputationasanambitiousandyoungjournalist.1872Pulitzerhadbecomeapublisher,andsixyearslaterheownedanewspaper1883hepurchasedanotherHebecameknownassomeonewhowasnotafraidapublicstandagainstcorruption(腐敗).Afterasuccessfulcareerjournalism,sevenyearsbeforehisdeath,Pulitzerwroteawill,leaving$2,000,000ColumbiaThemoneywasestablishaschoolofjournalismatColumbiaandasetofawards.Pulitzer’sdesirewasraisethestandardsofjournalism.Hehopedtheprizewouldactasastimulusforjournalistsworkforexcellence—thenandintothefuture.FaithfullyfollowingPulitzer’sinstructions,ColumbiaUniversityawardedthefirstPulitzerPrizes1917.theseawardsareconsideredofthedistinguishedprizesAmerica.436.WhatcanbeknownaboutthePulitzers?A.Theirrecipientsallcashprizes.Theyareawardedworldwide.Thereare21winnerseachD.Theybeyondjournalism.37.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatJosephPulitzer_____.A.washumorousandcourageoushadastrongsenseofjusticewasraisedupafamilyD.soughtagoalofproducingwealth38.Pulitzerestablishedtheprizesmainly_____.A.facilitatebetterjournalismdiversifyofaccessjournalismD.stimulatepeoplebecomejournalistssupportColumbiaUniversity39.Whichofthefollowingthebestforthepassage?A.PulitzerPrizes:JosephPulitzer’sLifetimeAmbitionPulitzerPrizes:SomeofGreatestHonorsPulitzerPrizes:forDistinguishedJournalistsD.PulitzerPrizes:AnnualEventsatColumbiaUniversity（）Winterstormscreateahigherriskofcaraccidents,hypothermia(體溫過低),frostbite,andcarbonmonoxidepoisoning.Winterstormscanbringextremecold,freezingrain,snow,iceandwinds.IFYOUAREAWINTERSTORMWARNING,SHELTERRIGHTStormforIssuedwhenhazardouswinterweathertheformofheavysnoworheavyfreezingrainupcomingoroccurring.WinterWarningsareusuallyissued1224hoursbeforetheeventexpectedbegin.Prepareyourhomekeepoutthecold.Learnhowkeeppipesfromfreezing.andtestsmokealarmsandcarbonmonoxidedetectorsbatterybackups.Gathersuppliescaseneedstayhomeforseveraldayswithoutpower.Keepmindeachperson’sspecificneeds,includingmedication.Remembertheneedsofyourpets.extrabatteriesforradiosandflashlights.AdvisoryIssuedforaccumulations(積聚)ofsnowandfreezingrainwhichcausesignificantinconveniencesand,measuresarenottaken,couldleadlife-threateningsituations.InCaseofEmergencypreparedforwinterweatherathome,atworkandyourcar.Createanemergencysupplykitforyourcar.Includesand,aflashlight,warmclothes,blankets,bottledwaterandsnacks.Keepafulltankof5Avoidcarbonmonoxidepoisoning.Onlygeneratorsandgrills(烤架)outdoorsawayfromwindows.Neverheatyourhomewithgasappliances.offroadsatallpossible.trappedyourcar,thenstayinside.youroutside.Ifneedoutside,thenwearlayersofwarmclothing.Watchforoffrostbiteandhypothermia.40.Whichofthefollowingpictureswhenclickedprobablyleadtheabovewebpage?A.D.41.readyforwintershould_____.A.sendyourpetsanimalshelterswarmyourhomeappliancesD.necessitiescaseofwithoutpowerremovepipespreventthemfreezing42._____agoodwaystaysafeduringwinterA.stayinsideDrivingacarwhengoingoutwater-proofclothesD.UsinggeneratorskeepwarmC）ArecentgroundbreakingstudybythePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchforecastsmassivefinancialdamagesdueclimatechange,projectingannualdamagesofabout$38trillion($38millionmillion)bytheyear2050.Thishighlightsthesevereeconomicchallengesthataheadonaglobalscale,thegreatestimpactsexpectedburdenthecountriesleastresponsibleforgreenhouseemissions(排放).Theeconomicdamage,estimatedbetween$19trillion$59trillionbyprimarilyfromincreasedtemperaturesandtheirsubsequentimpactonagriculture,laborandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).Thestudyalsonotespotentialincreasescostsduemorefrequentandsevereweatherevents,whichareexpectedbecomecommonasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thefindingsrevealadisconcertingdisparity:nationswithinthe(熱帶的)regions,whichhavecontributedleasthistoricalcarbonemissions,arepredictedsufferincomelosses60%greaterthanthosehigher-income,higher-emissioncountries.Thishighlightsasignificantclimatejustice6issue,astheseleast-developednationspossessfewerresourcesadaptincreasingclimateimpacts.AndersLevermann,headofcomplexityscienceatandco-authoroftheemphasizedtheinequityandurgencyofthesituation.“CountriesthetropicssufferthebecausetheyarealreadyFurthertemperatureincreasesthereforebemostharmfulthere,”heexplained.Levermannforarapidstructuralshifttowardsrenewableeasetheseimpactsandstabilizeglobaltemperatures.Whenplacedalongsideotherclimateimpactforecasts,thestudystandsoutforcomprehensivedataanalysisandharshprojections.Previousstudieshavesimilarlyhighlightedtheeconomicdamagesofclimatechangebutlackedtheextensiveregionalandspecificinsightsthisstudyprovides.Thestudystronglyadvocatesforgreatandimmediatereductionsgreenhouseemissionsavoidtheworstoftheseeconomicdamages.Itsuggeststhatslowingclimatechangenotonlyamoralandenvironmentalmustbutalsoeconomicallyadvantageous,asthecostofinactionfargreaterthantheexpensesassociatedreducingglobalwarmingmanageablelevels.Thesocioeconomicconsequencesofsuchextensiveeconomiclossescouldleadheightenedglobalinequalityandsocialunrest.Thisprojectionstressestheimportanceofinternationalcooperationclimateactionplansandthedevelopmentoffairpoliciesthatrecognizeandupfortheinequitiesfacedbythelessdevelopednationsaffectedbyclimatechange.43.Climatechangecausemassiveeconomicworldwideby2050mainlybecause_____.A.theaverageworldtemperatureincreasefasterthanexpectedrisingtemperaturesfarming,infrastructureandproductivitybigcountriesexperienceeconomiccrisesduemoresevereweathereventsD.tropicalregionsareunpreparedadaptthedamagescausedbyclimatechange44.adisconcertingdisparity”paragraph4,theauthormeans_____.A.poorcountriesleastresponsibleforemissionsuffermosteconomyprojectedthatpeopletropicalcountriesearn60%lessby2050higher-incomecountriesarereluctantinvestslowingglobalwarmingD.higher-emissioncountriesaretryingjustifytheirroleclimateimpacts45.Thestudyarousesthepublicattentiondue_____.A.rigidclimateimpactforecastsdifferentapproachanalyzingdata46.WhatdoesthestudyoverallstatisticsandtheseverityoffindingsD.similarregionalinsightsoneconomicdamagesA.policiesshouldbeestablishedavoidfurtherrisingoftemperatures.ReducingemissionsbenefittheenvironmentbutharmtheInequalityshouldbereducedthroughcooperationfightingclimatechange.D.countriesshouldbearthewholecostofcopingglobalwarming.7SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Filleachblankapropersentencegiventhebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearemoresentencesthanneed.A.One7-minuteblockhadpeoplesittingsilence.Inthiscase,thebrainbetuningintothemusic.Theauthorssuggestedwasevidenceofmusicbeingthanadistractionfromanunpleasantexperience.D.Andthepainrelieverswerefoundbesadsongsdetailingbittersweetandemotionalexperiences.Nevertheless,whileourbodiesfeelthepain,themessagesourconsciousmindperceivethepainmaynotberelayed.Peoplewholistenedbittersweetsongsalsoreportedmorethrills(震顫感)andshivers(哆嗦)ontheskinfromlisteningpleasurablemusic.CertainTypesofMusicHelpYouFeelLessNewSaysTherenodoubtthatmusiccancalmthesoulforsome,andturnsoutthatcouldalsobeatemporaryrelieverforphysicalpain.Listeningtofavoritesongscouldreducepeople’sperceptionofpain,accordingtoanewstudy.47Thesmallstudyinvited63youngadultsbringoftheirfavoriteandtheonlyrequirementwasthattheyneededbeatleast3minutesand20secondslong.Oneselectionrepresentedtheirfavoritemusicofalltime.Theotherwasthesongtheywouldbringthemonadesertisland.Theresearchersalsohadtheyoungadultspickoneofsevensongsthattheteamconsideredrelaxingandwereunfamiliarthestudyparticipants.Eachpersonunderwent7-minuteblockswheretheywereinstructedstareatamonitorscreenwhilelisteningtheirfavoritemusic,oneofthesevenrelaxinginstrumentalsongs(eachofwhichlastedfor6minutesand40seconds),orascrambled(雜亂的)versionofbothsongsandtherelaxingsongchosen.48thewhile,theresearchersstuckahotobject—similarthepainofaboilinghotteacuponyour—theparticipants’leftinnerforearms.Whenratingtheirexperiences,peopleweremorelikelyreportfeelinglesspainwhenlisteningtheirfavoritecomparedhearingtheunfamiliarrelaxingsongorsilence.Thescrambleddidnotreducepain49Afterinterviewingtheparticipantsaboutthesongtheybroughtandtheirratingofpain,theresearchersfoundpeoplewholistenedbittersweetandmovingsongsfeltlesspainthanwhentheylistenedsongscalmingorcheerfulthemes.50Thiswasassociatedlowerratingsofunpleasantnessproducedbytheburningpaintheyfelttheexperiment.8III.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassagenothan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.51.DysmorphicDisorderMosthumanshavephysicalcharacteristicsthattheywishtheycouldchange,suchasafacialfeatureorfat.Manypeoplecancomfortablylivethesecharacteristics,butforsome,theirnegativebodysignificantlyaffectstheirdailyThelattergrouparesaidhavebodydysmorphicdisorder(BDD).Theyfindcommonaspects,includingthefaceorstomach,impossibleaccept.Peopleoftenalterthesefeaturesbyexercising,changingtheirhairstyle,usingcareproductsorevengettingplasticOrtheymayhidethefeaturesunderclothingormakeup.TheymaylookatmirrorsconstantlyoravoidthemTheymayaskothersfor(安慰)thattheylookOKbutnotbelievethatreassurancewhencomes.Peoplesometimespickattheirorconstantlycomb(梳)theirhair;atworst,canleadpeopleconsiderorattemptsuicide.oftennotdiagnoseduntil1015yearsafterdevelops,becausetakesforpeopletheirfeelingsarenotnormal.Butearlydetectionmakesasignificantdifferencequalityofasallowspeoplemeasurespreventfromgettingworse.Theprimarytreatmentforwhichofteninvolvesteachingthepatientchallengenegativethoughtsastheycome.Somedoctorsmayalso(開抗抑郁藥).PlasticnotatmakingpeoplefeelInfact,thechangesappearancebroughtaboutbyoftencompoundtheproblem.someoneknowhasassuringthemthattheylookgoodprobablynothelp.Instead,listenpatientlyandencouragethemseektreatment.Andthinkhaveconsultadoctororatrustedfr