2019年翻譯資格考試catti二級筆譯試題及答案TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese隨著社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐步完善，中國大多數(shù)企業(yè)的社會(huì)責(zé)任意識也在不斷增強(qiáng)。它們恪守誠信，合法經(jīng)營，努力為國內(nèi)外消費(fèi)者提供高質(zhì)量的商品，注重節(jié)約，保護(hù)環(huán)境，努力履行社會(huì)義務(wù)。一些企業(yè)還主動(dòng)發(fā)布社會(huì)責(zé)任報(bào)告，公開履行社會(huì)責(zé)任狀況，自覺接受社會(huì)監(jiān)督。當(dāng)然，受經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和發(fā)展階段的制約，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式還比較粗放，能源資源消耗多，環(huán)境保護(hù)壓力大，少數(shù)企業(yè)還存在一些片面追求經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、忽視社會(huì)責(zé)任的行為。企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任運(yùn)動(dòng)自上世紀(jì)80年代興起后，已經(jīng)成為世界潮流。強(qiáng)調(diào)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任，就是要求企業(yè)對投資者負(fù)責(zé)的同時(shí)，對員工負(fù)責(zé)，對消費(fèi)者負(fù)責(zé)，對商業(yè)伙伴負(fù)責(zé)，對環(huán)境和社會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)。國內(nèi)外企業(yè)的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，社會(huì)責(zé)任也是企業(yè)的品牌，是企業(yè)核心競爭力的組成部分，是企業(yè)長盛不衰的重要法寶。企業(yè)要生存和發(fā)展，就必須增強(qiáng)社會(huì)責(zé)任意識，積極履行社會(huì)義務(wù)。我們有理由相信，未來的企業(yè)競爭，將不再僅僅是產(chǎn)品的競爭、技術(shù)的競爭和人才的競爭，更是履行社會(huì)責(zé)任的競爭?！百?zèng)人玫瑰，手有余香”。企業(yè)在履行社會(huì)責(zé)任、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧的同時(shí)，自身也會(huì)得到更大的發(fā)展。答案Asthesocialistmarketeconomygraduallyimproves,thereisalsoagrowingsenseofsocialresponsibilityamongthevastmajorityofChinesecompanies.Theyabidebythecodeofethicsandlawfuloperationandarecommittedtoprovidinghigh-qualityproductsfordomesticandforeignconsumers.Theypayattentiontoconservation,environmentalprotectionandCSRfulfillment.SomecompaniesgoevenfurtherbypublishingtheirCSRreportstodisclosetheirCSRperformanceandtovoluntarilysubjectthemselvestopublicscrutiny.Ofcourse,constrainedbythelevelandstageofitseconomicdevelopment,Chinastillpracticesarough-edgedeconomicgrowthmodel,featuringhighenergyandresourcesconsumptionandhighenvironmentalcosts.Ahandfulofcompaniesarestillsingle-mindedlyseekingprofitsandturningablindeyetotheirsocialresponsibilities.Sincethe1980s,CSRhasbecometoaglobaltrend.PuttingemphasisonCSRmeanscompaniesnotonlyhavetoberesponsibletotheirinvestors,butalsototheiremployees,customers,businesspartners,andtotheenvironmentandsociety.InternationalsuccessstoriesalsoshowthatCSRispartofacompany'sbrandimageanditscorecompetitiveness.Itisavitalsourceofsustainedprosperityforbusiness.Soinordertosurviveandgrow,itisimperativethatcompaniesshouldraisetheirCSRawarenessandactivelyfulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethatfuturebusinesscompetitionwilldiversifyfromspecificproducts,technologyandtalentstowardCSRperformance.Astheproverbgoes,"Theroseisinherhandandthefragranceinmine".CompaniesbenefitfromtheireffortstohonorCSRandpromotesocialharmony.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Bornin1451,thesonofanItalianweaver,ChristopherColumbustooktotheseaatanearlyage,makingupforhislackofformaleducationbyteachinghimselfgeography,navigation,andLatin.Bythe1480sColumbus-atall,red-haired,long-facedmanwitharuddycomplexion,ovaleyes,andaprominentnose-wasanexperiencedseaman.DazzledbytheprospectofAsianriches,hehatchedaschemetoreachtheIndies(India,China,theEastIndies,orJapan)bysailingwest.AfterthecourtsofPortugal,England,andFranceshowedlittleinterestinhisplan,ColumbusturnedtoSpainforbacking.HewonthesupportofFerdinandandIsabella,theSpanishmonarchs,andhimselfraisedmuchofthemoneyneededtofinancethevoyage.ThelegendthatthequeenhadtohockthecrownjewelsisasspuriousasthefablethatColumbussetouttoprovetheearthwasround.Columbuscharteredoneseventy-five-footship,theSantaMaria,andtheSpanishcityofPalossuppliedtwosmallercaravels,thePintaandNina.FromPalosthislittlesquadron,witheighty-sevenofficersandmen,setsailwestwardforwhatColumbusthoughtwasAsia.Thefirstlegofthejourneywentwell,thankstoastrongtradewind.Butthenthebreezelagged,thedayspassed,andthecrewbegantogrumbleabouttheircaptain'sfarfetchedplan.Torallyflaggingmorale,heremindedthecrewofthedazzlingrichesawaitingthem.Yetskepticismremainedrife,andhefinallypromisedthattheexpeditionwouldturnbackiflandwerenotsightedinthreedays.EarlyonOctober12,1492,afterthirty-threedaysatsea,alookoutontheSantaMariayelled"Tierra!Tierra![Land!Land!]"ItwasanislandintheBahamasthatColumbusnamedSanSalvador(BlessedSavior),AccordingtoColumbus'sownreckoninghewasneartheIndies,sohecalledtheislandpeoplelosIndios.HedescribedtheIndiansasnakedpeople,"verywellmade,ofveryhandsomebodiesandverygoodfaces."TheArawakIndianspaddledoutindugoutlogs,whichtheycalledcanoes,andofferedgiftstothestrangers.TheirwarmgenerosityanddociletemperamentledColumbustowriteinhisjournalthat"theyinviteyoutoshareanythingthattheypossess,andshowasmuchloveasiftheirheartswentwithit."Yetheaddedthat"withfiftymentheycouldallbesubjugatedandcompelledtodoanythingonewishes."答案1451年，克里斯托夫·哥倫布出生在一個(gè)意大利織工家庭。他從小就對航海著迷，自學(xué)了地理學(xué)、航海術(shù)和拉丁語，以此彌補(bǔ)沒受過正規(guī)教育的缺憾。到了15世紀(jì)80年伐，哥倫布已經(jīng)是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的水手了，他身材高大，紅頭發(fā)，瘦長臉，面色紅潤，圓眼睛，高鼻梁。圖片上美輪美奐的亞洲風(fēng)光讓哥倫布為之神往，于是他策劃向西航行到印度群島(包括印度、中國、東印度群島或日本)。葡萄牙、英格蘭和法國朝廷對此沒有興趣，于是哥倫布便轉(zhuǎn)向西班牙求助，得到了國王斐迪南德和王后伊莎貝拉的支持。他自己還籌措了這次航海的很大一部分資金。傳說王后抵押了自己王冠上的珠寶來資助他，純屬無稽之談，這就和說哥倫布航海是為了證明地球是圓的一樣荒謬。哥倫布自己租了一條75英尺長的船，船名叫“圣瑪利亞”號，西班牙城市帕洛斯出了兩條稍小的三桅帆船“平塔”號和“尼娜”號。這支75人的隊(duì)伍就從帕洛斯起航了，朝著哥倫布心目中的亞洲向西進(jìn)發(fā)。起初貿(mào)易風(fēng)強(qiáng)勁，船隊(duì)順風(fēng)順?biāo)?，十分順利。但接著風(fēng)就不那么幫忙了，日子一天天過去，水手們開始抱怨船長的計(jì)劃異想天開。為了鼓舞士氣，哥倫布向大家描繪了一番金銀財(cái)寶任取任拿的燦爛前景。盡管如此，大家仍心存疑慮。最后，他承諾，如果三天后還見不到陸地，就打道回府。1492年10月12日一大早，在海上整整航行了33天之后，“圣瑪利亞”號上的嘹望員突然放聲大喊：“啊!陸地!”那是巴哈馬群島的一座島嶼，哥倫布把它命名為圣薩爾瓦多(意為“神圣的救世主”)。哥倫布自己估算，他差不多到了東印度群島，所以管那兒的人叫印第安人。在他的描述中，印第安人渾身赤裸，“身體壯實(shí)，身材健美，長相標(biāo)致”。阿拉瓦克印第安人劃著挖空樹干做成的獨(dú)木舟，出來迎接，給這群陌生人獻(xiàn)禮。他們慷慨熱情，性情溫順，哥倫布在《航海日記》中寫道，“他們傾其所有，邀君共享，一腔熱忱，絕無保留?！彼€寫道，“只需50人便足以降伏他們，任我差遣。”TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese1895午，中國在中日甲午戰(zhàn)爭中戰(zhàn)敗，陷入了深刻的國家危機(jī)，世界列強(qiáng)威脅要瓜分中國。那些憂患國家命運(yùn)的知識分子要求改革，不僅工業(yè)和軍事方面要改，政治體制也得改。康有為、梁啟超和譚嗣同便是維新派的代表人物?？涤袨闀?huì)同一千三百多名舉人聯(lián)名上書光緒皇帝，要求維新變法?？涤袨橹鲝堃跃髁椫拼娣饨▽Ｖ啤？涤袨榈膶W(xué)生梁啟超協(xié)助撰寫文章，宣傳變法思想。相比之下，譚嗣同更為激進(jìn)，撰寫了《仁學(xué)》一書批駁傳統(tǒng)思想。維新派不斷發(fā)表演說，出版論著，在報(bào)上撰文，闡明變法的必要性。中國的危急形勢在一定程度上幫助了他們，當(dāng)時(shí)的形勢表明中國除了變法之外別無出路。但是，頑固派，在國內(nèi)，尤其是在統(tǒng)治階級中的勢力仍然十分強(qiáng)大。他們極力反對變法，認(rèn)為要變的是人，不是法，因?yàn)樗械腻e(cuò)誤都來自于人們的錯(cuò)誤想法。1898年，康有為再次上書光緒皇帝。他諫言只有維新變法才能救國，不變法國家就要滅亡。這一次，光緒皇帝被說動(dòng)了，贊同了康有為的觀點(diǎn)和建議。1898年6月，他讓康有為和其他一些變法派在政府中擔(dān)任要職，并授權(quán)他們進(jìn)行改革。他們采取的主要是一些經(jīng)濟(jì)和教育改良措施，諸如鼓勵(lì)工商業(yè)，設(shè)立學(xué)校，改革科舉制度，裁撤一些不必要的政府機(jī)構(gòu)。但是真正執(zhí)掌大權(quán)的是以慈禧太后為首的頑固派，他們非常憎恨這些舉措，強(qiáng)烈反對。在軍隊(duì)的協(xié)助下，慈禧于9月發(fā)動(dòng)政變。將光緒皇帝軟禁，并且殺害了譚嗣同等六位維新志士?？涤袨楹土簡⒊瑑e幸逃脫。百日維新就這樣宣告結(jié)束。變法的失敗給進(jìn)步人士這樣一個(gè)教訓(xùn)：要在清廷的統(tǒng)治下改革政治體制是不可能的。不久以后，以孫中山為首的具有更為激進(jìn)思想的人們開始策劃武裝起義推翻清王朝。歷經(jīng)失敗之后，終于在1911年取得了勝利。答案In1895,afterdefeatedinthewarof1894,Chinawasinadeepnationalcrisis,forthebigpowersthreatenedtopartitionChina.Scholarswhowereworriedaboutthefateofthecountrycalledforreform,notonlyinindustryandmilitaryaffairs,butalsointhepoliticalsystem.OutstandingamongthesepeoplewereKangYouwei,LiangQichaoandTanSitong.Kangandoverl,3000therscholarssubmittedamemorialtoEmperorGuangxu,suggestingpoliticalreform.Kangwasforthesubstitutionofconstitutionalmonarchyforfeudalautocracy.Liang,onceastudentofKang,helpedKangbywritingarticlespropagatingreformistideas.Tanwasmoreradicalthantheothers.HewroteOnBenevolencecriticizingtraditionalideas.Thereformistsfrequentlymadespeeches,publishedbooksandwrotearticlesinnewspaperstoexplainthenecessityofreform.Theywereinawayhelpedbythecriticalsituationofthecountry,whichshowedthatChinahadnowayoutexceptreform.Butconservatives,ordiehards,werestillastrongforce,especiallyintherulingclass.Theywereagainstallchangesandcontendedwhatwasnecessarywastochangemen,notlaw,forallfaultscamefrommen'swrongthinking.In1898KangYouweisubmittedtotheemperoranothermemorial,inwhichhewarnedthatonlypoliticalchangescouldsavethecountry,andthatthecountrywouldperishwithoutmajor,changes.ThistimeEmperorGuangxuwaspersuadedandagreedtoKang'sviewsandsuggestions.InJune1898hegaveKangandafewotherreformistsimportantpositionsinthegovernmentandempoweredthemtocarryoutreform.Theytookmainlyeconomicandeducationalmeasures,suchastheencouragementofindustryandcommerce,theestablishmentofschools,thereformofthecivilserviceexaminationsystem,ancltheabolitionofsomeunnecessarygovernmentorgans.ButtheconservativeforceledbyEmpressDowagerCixi,whohadrealpower,bitterlyhatedandstronglyopposedthesemeasures.Withthehelpofsomemilitarymen,Cixicounter-attackedinSeptember.SheputEmperorGuangxuunderhousearrest,andkilledTanSitongandfiveotherreformists.KangYouweiandLiangQichaonarrowlyescaped.Thehundred-dayreformwasthusbroughttoanend.Thefailureofthereformiststaughttheprogressivepeoplealesson:itwouldbeimpossibletochangethepoliticalsystemunderQingrule.Shortlyafterwards,peoplewithmoreradicalideasledbyDr.SunYat-senbeganpreparingforarmeduprisingstoovefthrowtheQingDynasty.Afteraseriesoffailures,theyfinallysucceededin1911.高考擴(kuò)招幅度十年最低教育部日前宣布，今年全國普通高校本專科招生繼續(xù)擴(kuò)招，但是擴(kuò)招幅度是十年來最小的一年。2008年，全國普通高校本專科招生計(jì)劃為599萬，比上一年增長5%，其中包括通本科300萬人，高等職業(yè)教育299萬人。自從1997年我國普通高校本?？普猩状螖U(kuò)招以來，招生規(guī)模的增幅已連續(xù)第9年下降，而2008年5%的增幅是十年來普通高校本專科招生擴(kuò)招幅度最小的一年。對此，教育部并沒有解釋擴(kuò)招幅度下降的原因，但是持續(xù)升高的失業(yè)率可能是其中一個(gè)因素。據(jù)中國社科院發(fā)布的《社會(huì)藍(lán)皮書》顯示，2007年，全國有近20010的高校畢業(yè)生沒有找到工作。于是，很多應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生選擇報(bào)名參加公務(wù)員考試，從而造成公務(wù)員考試一年比一年熱。我國自1994年開始組織公務(wù)員考試以來，公務(wù)員已成為求職者最受歡迎的職業(yè)之一，這主要是因?yàn)楣珓?wù)員收入穩(wěn)定，社會(huì)地位高，福利待遇好。2007年約有53萬人報(bào)名參加國家公務(wù)員考試，競爭1.27萬個(gè)職位，錄取平均比例為1:42。根據(jù)教育部網(wǎng)站的估計(jì)，今年將有超過80萬人參加12月份舉行的公務(wù)員考試。答案IncreaseofCollegeEnrollmentinChinatoHitDecadeLowChinawillcontinuetoenrollmorecollegestudentsthisyear,buttherateofincreasewillhititslowestpointin10years,theMinistryofEducationsaidrecently.Chinaplanstoenroll5.99millioncollegestudentsin2008,upfivepercentfromthepreviousyear.Itincludesthreemillionstudentsforundergraduateeducationand2.99millionforcollege-levelvocationaltraining.Thegrowthrate,whichfollowsanine-yeardownwardtrend,willhititslowestpointin2008sinceChinafirstexpandedcollegeenrollmentin1997.TheministrydidnotgivethereasonforthetrendbutarisingrateofunemploymentinChinaisapossiblefactor.About20percentofuniversitystudentswhograduatedin2007havesofarfailedtofindemployment,accordingtoabluepaperissuedbytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.Manycollegegraduateshaveturnedtocivilservice.Thisresultedinhighlycompetitivecivilservantrecruitmentexaminations.SinceChinabeganorganizingtheexaminationsin1994,civilservicehasbecomeoneofthemostpopularprofessionsofjobseekersasitoffersastableincome,highsocialstatusandgoodwelfareinsurance.In2007,morethan530,000applicantscompetedfor12,700governmentjobs—42peoplecompetingforeachpositiononaverage.Thisyear,morethan800,000applicantswillsitforthecivilserviceexaminationinDecember,accordingtoastatementontheministry'swebsite.英譯漢HealthcareReformDuringthepasttwodecades,alloftheindustrializednationshaveenactedsomeformofhealthcarereform.Americaisnoexception.Justafewyearsago,theU.S.wasconsumedbyavigorouspublicdebateabouthealthcare.1Intheend,thedebatereaffirmedthattheU.S.wouldretainitsessentiallymarket-basedsystem.2Insteadofreformimposedfromthetopdown.3theAmericanhealthcaresystemunderwentsomeratherprofoundself-reform,drivenbypowerfulmarketforces.Themarket-notthegovernment-managedtowringinflationoutoftheprivatehealthcaremarket.4Today,itappearsthatU.S.healthcarecostsareagainontherise.Atthesametime,Americanpatients-likepatientselsewhere-arebecomingmorevocal5abouttherestrictionsmanyfaceintheirhealthcareplans.Talkofgovernment-ledreformisonceagainintheair.6Wemustthinktwice,though,beforeembarkingon"reform"ifthatmeansimposingfurtherrestrictionsonourhealthcaremarkets.Themoresensiblecourseistointroducepoliciesthatmakethemarketworkbetter-thatis,totheadvantageofconsumers.7Ibasethisargumentonourcompany'sdecadesofexperienceinhealthcaresystemsaroundtheworld,whichhasgivenusauniqueglobalperspectiveontherightandwrongwaytoreformhealthcare.8Thewrongwayistoimposelayerafterlayerofregulationandrestrictions.Wehaveseenthisapproachtriedinmanycountries,andwehavealwaysseeitfail-failtoholddowncosts,andfailtoprovidethebestqualitycare.Medicineischangingatsorapidapacethatnogovernmentagencyorexpertcommissioncankeepupwithit.Onlyanopen,informedandcompetitivemarketcandothat.ThislessonholdstruefortheU.S.andforallcountriescontemplatinghealthcarereform.Freemarketsdowhatgovernmentsmeantodo-butcan't.Therightapproach10istofosteraflexible,market-basedsysteminwhichconsumershaverights,responsibilities,andchoices.Healthcaresystemsdonotworkifpatientsaretreatedaspassiverecipientsofservices:11theydoworkifconsumersarewell-informedaboutquality,costs,andnewtreatments,andarefreetoactresponsiblyonthatknowledge.12Ofcourse,reformshouldneverbedrivenpurelybycostconsiderations.Instead,weoughttodevisenewwaysoffundinghealthcarethatwillmakeitpossibleforallpatientstoaffordthebestcare.Ideally,thesenewapproacheswouldnotonlyrewardindividualsandfamiliesbutalsoencourageinnovation,whichcanmakehealthcaresystemsmoreefficient,moreproductive,andultimatelyofgreatervalueforpatients.Thepathwechoosewillhaveenormousimplicationsforallofus.Weareinagoldenageofscience,andnofieldofscientificinquiryholdsmorepromisethanthatofbiomedicine.13Notonlycanwelookforwardtothediscoveryofcuresforchronicandacutedisease,butalsotothedevelopmentofenablingtherapiesthatcanhelppeopleenjoymorerewardingandproductivelives.14Newdrugsarealreadyhelpingpeoplewhowouldoncehavebeendisabledbyarthritisorcardiovasculardiseasestayactiveandmobile.15Moreeffectiveanti-depressantsandanti-psychoticsarebeginningtorelievethecripplingillnessofthemind,allowingsuffererstofunctionnormallyandhappilyinsociety.Thepromiseisquitesimply-oneoflonger,healthierlives.16Whatisatissuearethepaceandbreadthofdiscovery,andhowquicklywecanmakethebenefitsofourknowledgeavailabletothepatientswhoneedthem.Therefore,thepolicyenvironmentthebiomedicalindustrywillfaceinthenextcenturymaymakeorbreakthenextwaveofbiomedicalbreakthroughs.17Willthatenvironmentincludeprotectionforintellectualproperty,freedomforthemarkettodetermineprice,andsupportforarobustsciencebase?18Willhealthcaresystemsnurtureinnovation,orremoveincentivesfordiscovery?Willtheygiveconsumersinformationandoptions,orimposestringentrulesandregulationsthatlimitaccessandchoice?FortheU.S.,asfortherestoftheworld,thehealthcaredebateisbynomeansover.Andforallofus,thestakesarehigherthanever.人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)2008年，中國民眾期待已久的新醫(yī)改將要啟動(dòng)了。在1月7日召開的全國衛(wèi)生工作會(huì)議上，衛(wèi)生部部長陳竺表示，2008年的主要任務(wù)是選擇部分地區(qū)，圍繞改革重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容開展試點(diǎn)，為在全國范圍深化改革探索經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的目標(biāo)，保證廣大群眾病有所醫(yī)?，F(xiàn)階段國家衛(wèi)生部的核心工作是建設(shè)和完善覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系、醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系、醫(yī)療保障體系和藥品供應(yīng)保障體系，為城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村居民提供安全、有效、方便、價(jià)廉的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。副部長高強(qiáng)在會(huì)上提出，要走中國特色社會(huì)主義衛(wèi)生發(fā)展道路，盲目引進(jìn)西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的衛(wèi)生發(fā)展模式就會(huì)發(fā)生失誤。國務(wù)院副總理吳儀還強(qiáng)調(diào)，衛(wèi)生是公益性事業(yè)，不能照搬經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做法?；踞t(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度必須堅(jiān)持為人民服務(wù)的方向，堅(jiān)持公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生的公益性質(zhì)，切斷藥品銷售與醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益關(guān)系，加大政府責(zé)任，增加政府投入。關(guān)于政府的財(cái)政補(bǔ)助，陳竺強(qiáng)調(diào)補(bǔ)“供方”，即財(cái)政補(bǔ)助公立醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。他強(qiáng)調(diào)政府要加大對公共衛(wèi)生、農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生、城市社區(qū)衛(wèi)生的財(cái)政投入。衛(wèi)生部部長陳竺指出，“到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)”是衛(wèi)生工作的重大戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。他說，“人人享有”的本質(zhì)含義是“公平享有”，任何公民，無論年齡、性別、職業(yè)、地域、支付能力等，都享有同等權(quán)利。人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的一個(gè)重要著眼點(diǎn)是促進(jìn)公平。因此，必須采取切實(shí)措施逐步縮小當(dāng)前在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生方面存在的地區(qū)之間、不同群體之間和城鄉(xiāng)之間的差異。答案UniversalHealthCoveragetoAllChineseIn2008,thenewmedicalreformplanlongawaitedbytheChinesepeopleistobepiloted.AttheNationalHealthConferenceonJanuary7,HealthMinisterChenZhusaidthatthemajortaskof2008istopilotkeyissueslistedinthenewly-outlinedmedicalreformplaninsomeselectedregionstoaccumulateexperiencebeforeanationwideimplementation,sothateventuallytheaimofuniversalbasicmedicalserviceswillbereachedanditcanbeguaranteedthateverybodywillgetpropertreatmentoncehe/sheissick.CurrentlythefocusoftheMinistryofHealthisontheconstructionandimprovementofpublichealthservicesystem,medicalservicesystem,medicaresystemandmedicalsupplysystem,aimingtoprovidesafe,effective,convenientandlow-costhealthandmedicareservicetobothruralandurbancitizens.ViceMinisterofHealthGaoQiangsaidattheconferencethatthecountry'smedicalandhealthdevelopmentwillfollowapathwithChinesecharacteristicsbecauseblindlyimitatingmodelsoftheWesterndevelopedcountrieswillonlyleadtomistakes.Moreover,VicePremierWuYistressedthathealthcareisacauseofpublicwelfare,experienceandpracticeintheeconomicfieldcannotbesimplyapplied.Toestablishabasicmedicarenetwork,wemustadheretotheorientationofservingthepeople,ensurethenon-profitnatureofpublicmedicalinstitutions,cuthospital'sinvolvementindrugsales,andincreasegovernmentalresponsibilityandinput.Speakingofthegovernment'sfinancialaid,ChenZhuputemphasisonsponsoringthesupplier,i.e.publicmedicalorganizations.Healsosaidthatthegovernmentshouldincreasethefinancialinputonpublichealthcare,ruralandurbancommunityhealthcare.HealthMinisterChenZhuoutlinedthestrategicgoalas"everyonebeentitledtobasicmedicalcareandhealthservicesby2020",whichmeans,"citizensofanyage,sexandprofession,orlivinginanyplaceandwithanykindofpaymentcapabilities,areentitledtothesamelevelofmedicare".Abasicpointof"universalhealthcoverage"istopromoteequality.Therefore,measureshavetobetakentograduallynarrowthegapindevelopmentofhealthcareindifferentregionsoramongdifferentsocialgroups,andbetweenurbanandruralareas.1.Itappearsthattheearthistheonlyplanetthatweknowharborslife.2.Itisclearthattheprimitivemagneticsouth-pointinginstrumentappearedveryearlyinChinaasaresultoftheknowledgepeoplegainedoverlongyearsoflabor.3.Therearetwoimportantwaysacellcanharvestenergyfromfood:fermentationandcellularrespiration.4.TherehavebeenmanymassextinctionsthroughoutthehistoryoftheEarth,themostfamousofwhichisprobablytheextinctionthatfinallysawtheendofthedinosaursreignontheEarth65millionyearsago.5.Ifacomputercanbemadecomplexenough,itcanbeascreativeasahumanbeing.6.Today,alargenumberoftransgenicanimalshavebeenproducedworldwideforuseinbothbasicandappliedresearch.7.Differentfrombiologicwarfarewhichattemptstokill,bioterrorismthrivesonpublicfear,potentiallyimmobilizingordemoralizingapopulation.8.Computer-assisteddecisionsupportprogramsintegratedwithsystemsthatcovereachstageofthedrugorderinganddeliveryprocessprovidethemostpowerfulpreventiontools.9.Densetropicalraincloudsdistorttheauflowaloftmuchasrocksdistorttheflowofastream,orislandsdistortthewindsthatblowoverthem,butonahorizontalscaleofthousandsofmiles.10.Wedonotrealizehowmuchwedependontheearth'sgravityuntilwearedeprivedofit,whenourfeetnolongerstayontheground,wefloataroundintheairandtheslightesttouchmaysendusdriftingoffintheoppositedirection.答案1.地球似乎是已知的唯一一顆為生命提供棲息地的行星。2.有一點(diǎn)是清楚的：很早以前就出現(xiàn)在中國的原始指南針是古代勞動(dòng)人民在長期的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中所獲知識的結(jié)晶。3.細(xì)胞從食物中獲得能量的方式主要有兩種：發(fā)酵和細(xì)胞的呼吸作用。4.縱觀地球歷史，曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過多次物種大滅絕，其中最廣為人知的一次或許就是6500萬年前一度稱霸地球的恐龍大滅絕了。5.如果能把電腦制作得足夠復(fù)雜，它將跟人類一樣富有創(chuàng)造力。6.今天，世界各地都制造了大批轉(zhuǎn)基因動(dòng)物，供基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)和應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究使用。7.與旨在造成人員死亡的生化戰(zhàn)爭不同，生化恐怖主義通過公眾的恐怖心理滋長蔓延，它能夠挫折群體銳氣，使其失去行動(dòng)力。8.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助決策系統(tǒng)，與藥品訂購與送貨中所有階段的系統(tǒng)，共同構(gòu)成了最有效的預(yù)防系統(tǒng)。9.濃密的熱帶雨云會(huì)干擾高空氣流，就像巖石干擾水流流向，或者島嶼干擾風(fēng)向一樣，只不過熱帶雨云對高空氣流的干擾是在水平方向上，范圍廣達(dá)數(shù)千英里。10.我們只有在失去地球引力的時(shí)候，方能意識到它對我們是多么必不可少，那時(shí)候，我們將無法立足于地面，整個(gè)漂浮在半空中，哪怕是被輕輕一碰，都會(huì)讓我們朝著相反的方向飄移。1.后來醫(yī)學(xué)上出現(xiàn)了兩大突破。2.關(guān)于食鹽是否會(huì)造成高血壓，科學(xué)家尚未形成一致意見。3.短期記憶在上午效果最佳，要比一天中的其他時(shí)間大約高出15%。4.彩虹是陽光透過天空中的小水滴時(shí)形成的。5.火箭已經(jīng)用來探索宇宙。6.研究數(shù)據(jù)顯示，如果宇宙文明是均勻地分布在整個(gè)宇宙間，那么它們彼此間很可能相距約1000光年。7.月球距離地球遙遠(yuǎn)，繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)一周需要一個(gè)月時(shí)間，而人造衛(wèi)星距離地球較近，繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)一周僅需要幾個(gè)小時(shí)。8.憂郁癥不僅會(huì)造成人精神萎靡不振，還是直接影響人體免疫系統(tǒng)正常工作的殺手。9.大氣層可以防護(hù)有害輻射和太空碎片。10.聯(lián)合國一份報(bào)告指出，若不能有效制止人們繼續(xù)破壞類人猿生活空間，則大猩猩、黑猩猩和猩猩等類人猿最遲會(huì)于50年后完全滅絕。答案1.Thentherecamethetwomajoradvancesinthemedicine.2.Thereisnoconsensusamongscientiststhatsaltcauseshighbloodpressure.3.Short-termmemoryisbestduringthemorning,about15percentmoreefficientthanatanyothertimeoftheday.4.Rainbowsareformedwhensunlightpassesthroughsmalldropsofwaterinthesky.5.Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.6.Statisticsshowit'slikelythatcivilizations,ifspreadevenlythroughouttheuniverse,areabout1000lightyearsfromeach.7.Themoonissofarfromtheearththatittakesitamonthtorevolvearoundtheearth,whileman-madesatellites,whichareclosertotheearth,canmakeacompleterevolutioninafewhours.8.Depressionnotonlykeepspeopledispirited,butalsoisakillerthatdirectlyinterfereswiththenormalactivitiesofthehumanimmunesystem.9.Atmosphereactsasashieldagainstharmfulradiationandspacedebris.10.ItispointedoutbyaUNreportthatifhumandestructionoftheirlivingspaceisnoteffectivelystopped,apessuchasgorillas,chimpanzeesandorangutanswilltotallyextinctinatmost50years.1.Thecar'scomputercouldrecognizeimpendingsignsoftroubleandhelppreventaccidents.2.Numerousexperimentshaveshownthatmanylivingthingsavailthemselvesofthemagneticfield.3.Tomorrow'slifestylesarepredictedtobehigh-tech,interactiveandtechnologicallyadventurous.4.CrowsonaremotePacificislandhavelearnedaskillthatpeopleoncethoughtonlyprimatescouldmaster:theuseoftools.5.Thereisnowaytocontrolnature,butcutting-edgetechnologylikegeo-stationarysatelliteshelpsuspredict,planandpreparefortheworst.6.Spacecraftandsatellitesareextremelyexpensivetolaunchusingcurrentlyavailablemethods,whichhassignificantlylimitedthecommercialuseofspace.7.Thissmartphone'ssecretisitsWindowsMobile-basedsoftware,whichallowsyoutosende-mailandinstantmessage,surftheWeb,listentomusic,playgames,andmuch,muchmore.8.Asurvivalsuitprovidesinsulationagainstheatandcoldandadditionalstrengthifyouwanttomove;itwillhelpyousurviveinawiderangeofenvironment.9.Therearetwooutstandingfactorswhichcharacterizethefreediver-theprocessofbreath-holdingandthechangesthatoccurinthelungsandthechestasaresultoftheincreasedwaterpressure.10.ThecelestialbodieswithintheSolarSystem,includingtheMoonandtheasteroids,containavastsupplyofvirtuallyalltypesofmineralresourcesnowusedextensivelyonEarth.答案1.這種安裝在汽車上的電腦能夠識別預(yù)發(fā)事故的征兆，從而幫助預(yù)防事故發(fā)生。2.大量實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，很多生物都會(huì)利用磁場。3.根據(jù)預(yù)測，未來的生活方式將是高科技、互動(dòng)型的，充滿了技術(shù)冒險(xiǎn)性。4.在一座遙遠(yuǎn)的太平洋島嶼上，烏鴉擁有一種人