Unit1Art【過(guò)基礎(chǔ)】詞匯拓展 1．preciseadj.準(zhǔn)確的；精確的→adv.準(zhǔn)確地；精確地；的確如此2．influentialadj.有很大影響力的；有支配力的→n．&vt.影響3．investmentn．投資額；投資；(時(shí)間、精力的)投入→v．投資4．memorialn．紀(jì)念碑(或像等)；紀(jì)念物；紀(jì)念品adj.紀(jì)念的；悼念的→n．記憶力；記憶→vt.記住criticisevi.&vt.批評(píng)；指責(zé)；評(píng)價(jià)→n．批評(píng)；指責(zé)；評(píng)論→n．批評(píng)家→adj.批判的；關(guān)鍵的6．representativeadj.典型的；有代表性的n．代表→vt.代表；象征；描繪7．exhibitionn．展覽；(技能、感情或行為的)表演→v．展示；陳列；展覽8．recognitionn．承認(rèn)；認(rèn)出；贊譽(yù)→vt.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)9．expansionn．?dāng)U張；擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)大→vt.擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)大；(使)膨脹重點(diǎn)詞組 1．尤其；特別2．使與眾不同；使突出；使優(yōu)于……3．喜愛(ài)；喜歡4．賦予……生命；使……鮮活起來(lái)5．值得重點(diǎn)句型 1．AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart，themallinashorttext.因?yàn)槲鞣剿囆g(shù)有那么多不同的類型，所以在一篇短文中全部進(jìn)行描述是不可能的。2．DuringtheMiddleAges，thepurposeofWesternartpeopleaboutChristianity.在中世紀(jì)，西方藝術(shù)的目的是把基督教教給人們。3．hispaintingsstillhadthemes，theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.雖然他的繪畫(huà)作品仍有宗教主題，但是它們展示了真實(shí)環(huán)境中真實(shí)的人。4．Finally，mostclientswantedpaintingsthat.最后，大多數(shù)客戶想要既美麗又有趣的畫(huà)。5．thefiguresinthesesculptures，oneseesthefacesofthepast.看著這些雕塑中人物的臉，人們能看到過(guò)去的面孔。知識(shí)精講1.reputationn.名譽(yù)；名聲；聲望WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil，thistechniquereacheditsheightwithRembrandt(16061669)，whogainedareputationasamasterofshadowandlight.(教材P2)盡管早在達(dá)·芬奇時(shí)代一些畫(huà)家就使用油彩繪畫(huà)，但倫勃朗使得這種技藝達(dá)到頂峰，他擁有“光影大師”的雅稱。haveagood/badreputation名聲好/壞lose/ruinone’sreputation名譽(yù)掃地earn/establish/buildareputation贏得/確立/樹(shù)立聲譽(yù)haveareputationforsth因……而著名；以……聞名beofgreat/good/highreputation很有聲望的；享有盛名的liveuptoone’sreputation名不虛傳；名副其實(shí)①TheweatherinEnglandis.英格蘭的天氣真是名副其實(shí)。②Sheasahardworker.她贏得了努力工作的名聲。③Ittakestwentyyearstobuildaandfiveminutestoruinit.花二十年建立起來(lái)的聲譽(yù)可以在五分鐘之內(nèi)完全摧毀。2.conveyvt.表達(dá)；傳遞(思想、感情等)；傳送Inthiswork，Monet’saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene—thesubjectiveimpressionthescenegavehim—butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.(教材P3)在這部作品中，莫奈的目的是傳達(dá)場(chǎng)景中的光和運(yùn)動(dòng)——場(chǎng)景給他的主觀印象——而不是對(duì)場(chǎng)景本身的詳細(xì)記錄。convey...tosb向某人表達(dá)……conveysthfrom...to...把某物從……運(yùn)送到……conveysth/sbtosomeplace把某物/某人送到某地conveyone’sfeelings/thanks/wishestosb向某人表達(dá)某人的感情/謝意/祝愿①Pleasemybestwishesher.請(qǐng)向她表達(dá)我最美好的祝愿。②TheplayerLiNaalsoconveyedherthanksherhusbandonJanuary26，2016.在2016年1月26日運(yùn)動(dòng)員李娜也對(duì)丈夫表達(dá)了感謝之情。3.inparticular尤其，特別(相當(dāng)于particularly)Inparticular，hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.(教材P2)特別是他的繪畫(huà)作品因其逼真的人面和深刻的情感沖擊而有別于其他繪畫(huà)作品。beparticularabout/over...對(duì)……很挑剔/過(guò)于講究①Thewholemealwasgoodbutthewinewasexcellent.整頓飯都很好，但葡萄酒尤其好。②Be(particular)carefulwhendrivingatnight.晚上開(kāi)車要特別小心。③Theladyisveryparticularherclothes.這位女士對(duì)衣服過(guò)于講究。4.setapartfrom使與眾不同；使突出；使優(yōu)于……(教材P2)takesthapart拆開(kāi)tellapart區(qū)分fallapart破裂；解散①Beingdressedinredtheguestspresent.身著紅色衣服使得她在出席的客人中十分顯眼。②Itheputerbeforetheprofessionalarrived.還沒(méi)等專業(yè)人員趕到我就把電腦拆開(kāi)了。③I’vegottorestbeforeI.我得休息了，不然就要崩潰了。1.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart，itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.(教材P2)由于西方藝術(shù)有如此多不同的風(fēng)格，不可能在一篇簡(jiǎn)短的文章里把它們?nèi)棵枋龀鰜?lái)。句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，而后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)todescribethemallinashorttext是真正的主語(yǔ)。it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)的常見(jiàn)句式：(1)It＋be＋n.(＋forsb)＋todosth意為“(某人)做某事是……”。(2)It＋be＋adj.(＋forsb)＋todosth意為“(某人)做某事是……”。此類形容詞(easy，difficult，important等)說(shuō)明不定式行為的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)。(3)It＋be＋adj.(＋ofsb)＋todosth意為“(某人)做某事是……”。此類形容詞(kind，nice，good，polite，rude，clever，wise等)說(shuō)明不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的性格和品行。(4)It＋be＋n.＋that從句①somestudentstoputofftheirhomework.有些學(xué)生不按時(shí)完成作業(yè)已成了習(xí)慣。②Itispossible(see)asfarastheislandonaclearday.天氣晴朗的日子里可以看到遠(yuǎn)至那座島嶼的地方。③toworkoutthemathsproblem.你真聰明，解出了這道數(shù)學(xué)題。2.Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes，theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.(教材P2)雖然他的畫(huà)仍然有宗教主題，但它們表現(xiàn)的是真實(shí)環(huán)境中的真實(shí)人物。while“盡管；雖然”，多位于句首，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。while的意義和用法：(1)“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；和……同時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(2)“可是；然而”，表示對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折，連接兩個(gè)并列分句形成“對(duì)比”關(guān)系。(3)“盡管；雖然”，多位于句首，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。①heloveshisstudents，heisverystrictwiththem.雖然他愛(ài)他的學(xué)生，但是他對(duì)他們要求很嚴(yán)格。②LastSunday，Jackwantedtogotothecinema，hiscousinwouldratherstayathome.上星期天，杰克想去看電影，而他的表弟卻寧愿待在家里。③Hetookabath.我在準(zhǔn)備晚飯時(shí)，他洗了澡。[名師提醒]when“當(dāng)(在)……時(shí)”，可表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段，與主句所述的動(dòng)作、事情可能同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可有先后；while“正當(dāng)(正在)……時(shí)”，用于表示同時(shí)進(jìn)行的兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作相伴隨而發(fā)生，常對(duì)同類的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行對(duì)比。3.Otherswantedpaintingsshowingimportanthistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.(教材P2)還有人想要展示重要?dú)v史事件或神話故事的畫(huà)作。句中showingimportanthistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞都可以作定語(yǔ)：(1)單個(gè)的分詞一般作前置定語(yǔ)；(2)分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句；(3)現(xiàn)在分詞一般表示主動(dòng)或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作已完成。①Therearemanystudentsontheplayground.有很多學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。②Themanismyuncle.坐在大樹(shù)下的人是我的叔叔。③Telltheboys(play)overtherenottomakeanynoise.告訴那些在那邊玩的男孩不要吵鬧。[名師提醒]動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途，兩者不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；不定式作定語(yǔ)常表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作。題組A基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練一.單詞拼寫(xiě)(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示或首字母提示寫(xiě)單詞)(每小題2分，共16分)1．Inventingsuchatoolwasreallyagreatinscienceinthepast.2．Whatmakesmeexcitedisthatticketsmaybeinadvancefromtheboxoffice.3．Theyoungmanoftenhelpedothersandsoonacquiredainthistown.4．Shewasveryyoung，butshecoulddescribetheaccident(準(zhǔn)確地)．5．Inspiteofmanyinvitations，hewouldalways(拒絕)tovisitOxford.6．Thereareno(永久的)exhibitionsinthismuseumanddisplayschangeallthetime.7．Wecannotthatourflightswillneverbedelayed.8．AsfarasI’mconcerned，itisahighly(主觀的)pointofview.二.詞形變化填空(用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(每小題2分，共14分)9．Hisbehaviorshadadeeponme.Thatis，Iwasbyhimgreatly.(influence)10．Youngpeoplehaveagoodandtheycanwhattheyarelearningwithease.(memorial)11．Nowadaystheseoftenthepresenteconomicalsituations.(critical)12．Thestudentismorethandelightedtohisclasstotalkaboutlearningmethods.(representative)13．Weareorganizinganartforourschoolstudentstheirworksofart.(exhibition)14．Thereisgeneral(recognize)thatthestudytechniquesofmanystudentsarenotscientific.15．Iamreadingforeignnovelsto(expansion)knowledgeofforeigncountries.三.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(xiě)16．對(duì)于高中生來(lái)說(shuō)，好好休息是有必要的。(it作形式主語(yǔ))Forhighschoolstudents，.17．這次活動(dòng)的目的是提高我們保護(hù)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的意識(shí)。protectingChinesetraditionalculture.18．我容易相處。(主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋todo).19．盡管我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很困難，但我仍將竭盡全力解決它。(it作形式賓語(yǔ))，Iwilltrymybesttoworkitout.20．得知下個(gè)月將舉辦一個(gè)中國(guó)畫(huà)畫(huà)展，我寫(xiě)信想申請(qǐng)成為一名志愿者。(分詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))，Iamwritingtoapplytobeavolunteer.題組B能力提升練一.課文語(yǔ)法填空——復(fù)習(xí)本單元ReadingandThinking部分BecausetherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart，perhapsthebestway(understand)WesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.DuringtheMiddleAges，thepurposeofWesternartwas2.(teach)peopleaboutChristianity.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone.Hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheir3.(reality)humanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.Paintersconcentrated(little)onreligiousthemesduringtheRenaissance.5.importantbreakthroughwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccioandanotherinnovationwastheuseofoilpaints.Asforsubjects，theemphasis6.(increase)shiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus.Photographywasinventedinthemid19thcentury，after7.paintingswerenolongerneededtopreservewhatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence，impressionism8.(emerge)inFrance.ThenamecamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet9.(call)Impression，Sunrise.AfterImpressionism，subsequentartistsbegantoaskwhattheywoulddonext.Whattheyattemptedtodowasnolongershowreality,10.insteadtoaskthequestion，“Whatisart？”二請(qǐng)先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對(duì)答案并背誦該短文。(文中加波浪線的句子為本單元的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目：不定式作表語(yǔ))eq\x(reputation，criticise，convey，visual，guarantee，recognition)Mygrandfatherwasaninfluentialpainter.Fromhissubjectivepointofview，hewaskeenonpaintingrealisticthingsandhisworkswereprimitive，whichsethimapartfromtheotherpainters.HegainedasarepresentativeoftheRealismAssociation.Sonobles，peopleofhighrankandwealthyclientsdesiredtopurchasehisworks，whichearnedhima2..Hemadeabreakthroughinhisfield，buthewasalwayshumble.Whenhewas3.byothersordisagreementsemerged，hestill4.kindnessanddeclinedtoplacecriticismonothers.Laterhemadefriendswithasculptorwhooftencreatedwonderfulsculpturesatsunrisenearapond.Subsequently，bothofthemframedaplantovisittheexhibitionsandthepurposewastofindthosewithartisticeyes.Althoughtheycouldn’t5.everychildabrightfuture，theirinvestmentwasworthyofpraiseandexpansion.Inmygrandfather’sadvancedyears，besidesfineart，hepreferredbronzebowls，ceramicvasesandinparticularinkwashpaintingsfromancienttimes，whichbroughthistorytolife.Allformsofartofferus6.beautyandhaveapermanentinfluenceonhowweviewtheworld.題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練ALikeeverythingelse，London’sworldclassmuseumsclosedinMarch，butonebyone，mostofthemhaveannouncedtheirreopening.Visitingwillbeverydifferenttothemuseumexperienceyou’reusedto，though：you’llhavetoprebookatimedentryslot(時(shí)段),youmayhavetofollowaonewayrouteandfacemaskswillbeencouraged.BritishMuseumWhatisit?Sinceitopenedin1759—thefirstevernationalmuseumforthepublic—theBritishMuseumhasbeendisplayingartworkofworldheritage，includingtheRosettaStoneandtheParthenonsculptures.Whygo?Themuseumhasover8millionobjectsinitscollection,50,000ofwhichareondisplay.That’salotofbangforyourbuck，consideringentrancetothemainareasisfree.NationalGalleryWhatisit?AfirstclassandentirelyfreetoenterartisticinstitutionintheheartofTrafalgarSquare.Foundedin1824，theNationalGalleryishometomorethan2,000paintingsfromartistssuchasdaVinci，VanGogh，Turner，Picasso，MatisseandCezanne.Whygo?Tolearnmoreabouttheworld’shighlypraisedartworksandeventryyourhandatdrawinginthegalleries.DesignMuseumWhatisit?Afascinatingmuseumthatexplorescontemporarydesignandarchitecture.TheDesignMuseumisburstingwithfreetemporaryexhibitions，popupsandbookabledisplays.Whygo?Themuseum’snewhomeinKensingtonisanabsolutedesignfeat，andwhenyou’vefinishedyourwalkabout，takeatourtothenearbyHollandParkKyotoGardenforsomewelldeservedrest.Imperial(帝國(guó)的)WarMuseumWhatisit?Apowerfulmuseumshiningalightonpeople’sexperiencesofconflictfromtheFirstWorldWartotoday.Afewminutes’walkfromWaterloo，IWMismadeupofpermanentgalleries，suchastheaceCuriositiesofWarexhibit，andtemporarydisplays，exploringrecentconflictsandterroristattacks.Whygo?Forimpressiveandextensivecollections，includingthemoving，andeyeopeningpermanentHolocaustexhibition(notremendedforchildrenunder14)．1．Whatisamustforvisitorstothemuseums?A．Bookinginadvance. B．Preparingafacemask.C．Bringingenoughmoney. D．Arrivingearlierthanusual.2．Inwhichmuseumcanyoumostprobablyseeworldfamouspaintings?A．BritishMuseum. B．DesignMuseum.C．NationalGallery. D．ImperialWarMuseum.3．HowisImperialWarMuseumdifferentfromtheotherthree?A．Ithasthelargestcollection. B．Kidsunder14arenotadvisedtovisitit.C．Youcanhaveagoodrestinit. D．Youmaymeetsomeartistsinit.BInthisspecialschool，LisaElderdoesn’thavealessonplanoranattendancebook.Shedoeshaveherwalkietalkie(對(duì)講機(jī))．Whenthehallwaysaresecureandtheteachersready，thecallesovertheradio：Studentsareontheirwayup.Threeteens，twoboysandonegirl，enteredElder’sclassroom.“Whydon’tyouguyshaveaseatandI’lltellyouwhatwe’redoing，”shetellsthem.Today，they’regoingtocutoutleavesfromconstructionpaperandwritelifeskillsonthem：“Patience.”“Hygiene(衛(wèi)生)．”Then，LisanoticesaboynamedBrandon.He’shunched(躬身的)overhisdeskandhe’sgothisfistagainsthischest—it’sshaking.Lisatriestalkingtohimbutgetsnoresponse.Itdoesn’tlooklikeanythingtome：justaboywho’snotparticipatinginclass.ButElderhasseenthisbehaviorinhisfile，andsheknowsit’sawarningsign.Sheradiosforbackup，“CouldIhaveayouthworkerupinlifeskills？”Bythetimetheyouthworkeresin，Brandonhasturnedhisdesktofacethebackwall，andhe’sgettingmoreandmoreagitated.He’sstillnotresponding.“OK，”shetellshim.“Herearethechoices：Ifyouwanttostayinmyclassroomandparticipate，Iwouldloveyouto.IwilldoanythingIcantohelpyou.Butifallyou’regoingtodoisturnyourbackandavoideverythingpeopleareaskingofyou，thenI’mgoingtohaveyoubroughtdowntotheoffice.”Shepausesforamoment.“Iwouldlikeyoutomakethebetterchoiceandstaywithme.”That’snotthechoiceBrandonmakes.It’sbeingclear：Hecouldlosecontrolatanymoment.Elderleavestheroom,20minutesbeforeclassisover.Aswewalkdowntotheresidentialunit，shetellsme，“SowhenItellyouthatIdon’tknowwhatthedayisgoingtobring，that’saperfectexample.”4．WhatsubjectdoesElderteach?A．Papercutting. B．Lifeskills.C．Buildingconstruction. D．Basicscience.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“agitated”show?A．Brandonisnowgettingquiteupset. B．Brandonismakingfunofhisteacher.C．BrandonisdrawingElder’sattention. D．Brandonisjustjokingwithhisfriends.6．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Elderleavestheroomforsafety. B．Thethreeteensarenormalstudents.C．Brandonwillbepunishedafterclass. D．“Me”inthetextistheyouthworker.7．Inthetext，theauthorwantsto.A．showhowhardtheschoollifeisB．provelifeskillsarereallynecessaryC．tellwhatElder’slifeislikeasateacherD．callforthepublic’sattentiononeducationCThisseason，thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2,000homesdestroyed.AccordingtotheBBC，thishasbeenthemostcasualties(傷亡)fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather，anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth，saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason.“Thedrierconditionsbinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2019createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.Australia’sfireswereworsenedbythebinationofthosetwo.2019wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia，”HausfatheraddedonFriday.KevinTrenberth，aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch，saidwarmeroceantemperaturesalsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans，whichcancreateawaveintheatmosphereth