人教新課標(biāo)

必修二

DiscoveringUsefulStructures

Unit4HistoryandTraditions1.identifythepastparticipleastheattribute,theobjectivecomplement,thepredicativeandtheadverbial;2.summarizethefunctionofthepastparticipleastheattribute,theobjectivecomplement;3.practiseusingthepastparticipleastheattribute,theobjectivecomplement,thepredicativeandtheadverbial.LearningObjectivesUnderlinethesentencesbelowinthetextandfindoutthepastparticiples.Andthendiscusstheirfunctions.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,...TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,...PresentationastheobjectcomplementastheattributeastheattributeTheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,England—manypeopleareconfusedby...TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.astheattributeThenfindmoresentenceswiththe-edforminthetext.astheattribute過(guò)去分詞或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句中可作定語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。PastParticiplesastheAttribute(1)tiredvisitorsawell-organisedtripbeautifullydressedstarsCompletethephrasesintherightcolumnbyusingthepastparticiplesintheleftcolumn.Comparethemeaningofeachpairofphrases.PastParticiplesastheAttribute(2)visitors_____ofthelongwait/...atrip_________wellbymyworkplace/...stars_______beautifullyattheevent/...tiredorganiseddressed

過(guò)去分詞

PastParticiples(1)Summary過(guò)去分詞一般表示完成的和被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成；不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的構(gòu)成規(guī)則。過(guò)去分詞一般在句子中可以用作定語(yǔ)（theattribute）、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（theobjectcomplement）、表語(yǔ)（thepredicative）和狀語(yǔ)（theadverbial），但不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義1.

及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上表示____________；在時(shí)間上，常表示動(dòng)作_______________，有時(shí)也不表示時(shí)間性。E.g.Heisateacherrespected

byall.Thehighbuildingbuilt

lastyearisourlibrary.2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，它不表示_____________，只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作___________。E.g.Thegroundiscoveredwiththefallen

leavesinautumn.被動(dòng)已完成被動(dòng)已完成過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作非限定性定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明被修飾詞的情況，通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。Thebridge,builtlastyear(=whichwasbuiltlastyear),isinusenow.

這座橋，去年建成，現(xiàn)在已通行。二、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置：1.前置定語(yǔ)

一般情況下，單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，即放在被修飾詞

之前。有時(shí)為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可放在被修飾詞之后。如：

Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.

污染了的水造成了霍亂的傳播。【注】如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no與body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等，單個(gè)分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。E.g.Isthereanythingunsolved？

Heisoneofthoseinvited.二、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置

后置定語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)往往作后置定語(yǔ)，即放在被修飾詞

之后。

E.g.LastTuesdayinamountainousarea,therewereatotalof173sheepkilledalmostimmediately(＝whichwerekilledalmostimmediately)whenlightningstruck.三.過(guò)去分詞（done）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)與現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)的區(qū)別1.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別意義形式語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)完成現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行E.g.Asweallknow,Chinaisadeveloping

country.Thevisitorcamefromadeveloped

country.2．過(guò)去分詞(done)、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(beingdone)與動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(tobedone)作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別意義形式語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)done被動(dòng)完成beingdone被動(dòng)進(jìn)行tobedone被動(dòng)尚未發(fā)生E.g.Thebuilding_____________

lastyear

isourclassroombuilding.（build）Thebuilding_____________

now

isourclassroombuilding.（build）Thebuilding_____________

nextmonth

isourclassroombuilding.（build）

builtbeingbuilttobebuilt四、過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示的意義。

過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。2.能夠接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三類：(1).表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。E.g.IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽(tīng)到有人用英語(yǔ)唱過(guò)這首歌。E.g.Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。(2).表示“使,讓”意義的動(dòng)詞。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。E.g.I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.

明天我要理發(fā)。E.g.Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。E.g.Don'tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。(3).

表示“希望”、“要求”意義的動(dòng)詞。如：like,order,want,wish等。E.g.Iwouldlikethismattersettled