第3講形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞是歷年高考的必考點，是考生做好英語語法填空題和短文改錯題必須要掌握的知識。形容詞主要用來修飾名詞和代詞，表示事物或人的性質(zhì)和特征。副詞主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞甚至是句子。語法填空題對形容詞和副詞的考查主要是形容詞作定語或表語、形容詞和副詞的比較級或最高級、形容詞和副詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)化等。eq\a\vs4\al(——如何確定填形容詞、副詞的比較級還是最高級)判定方法應(yīng)用體驗當括號中所給提示詞是形容詞或副詞，而空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時，就很可能填該詞的比較級或最高級。①(2017·浙江高考)Sixteenyearsearlier(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.②(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseofgreater(great)andlessimportance.③(2017·綿陽市模擬)TheLondonUndergroundistheoldest(old)undergroundrailwaynetworkintheworld.eq\a\vs4\al(——形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的?？键c)自主練悟謹記規(guī)律①(2017·桂林市聯(lián)考)Tothem,lifeisapetition—theyhavetodobetter(good)thantheirpeerstobehappy.②(2017·菏澤市模擬)Peoplewhoforgiveshowless(little)angerandmorehopefulness.③(2017·成都市模擬)IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolencewithviolence,foritwillresultinmore(much)fighting.④(2017·上饒市模擬)Mylifeisaloteasier(easy)athighschoolbecausemyfellowstudentshaveacceptedme.⑤(2017·揭陽市模擬)Certainstoresofferdiscountsofupto70%orevenhigher(high)ifpeopleusetheircreditcards.⑥(2017·淮北市模擬)Themoreyouthinkaboutit,theharder(hard)youwillfallasleep.⑦(2017·安徽師大附中階段性測試)Justbeinggreetedatthedoorwasajoy.Theycouldn’tbehappier(happy)whenseeingme.⑧(2017·成都市檢測)Itistheoldest(old)andonlysurvivingno-damirrigationsystemintheworld.⑨(2017·綿陽市模擬)Antarctica,thecoldestplaceonEarth,isthefifthlargest(large)continentintheworld.eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))(2017·銀川九中模擬)Ofallthecitiesintheworld,oneofthetopsixhealthiest(healthy)citiesisCopenhagen,Denmark.1.比較級常考查的五種情況(1)根據(jù)比較等級的句式判斷，如果后面有than就用比較級。(2)有時候比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中并不出現(xiàn)than，而是根據(jù)語境判斷出用比較級。(3)當空格前有表示程度的詞如abit,alittle,much,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot等或有still,even等詞時，需填比較級。(4)表示“越……就越……”用“the＋比較級...,the＋比較級...”結(jié)構(gòu)。(5)否定詞＋比較級＝最高級2.最高級的考查(1)表達在某個范圍內(nèi)“最……”，使用“the＋形容詞/副詞的最高級＋比較范圍”結(jié)構(gòu)。表示范圍的標志詞有in,of,among等。(2)當空格前有thesecond/third...,oneof...等詞時，需填最高級。自主練悟謹記規(guī)律①(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.earlier→early②(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.worse→worst③(2016·四川高考)ThedishesthatIcookedwereMom’sfavoritest.favoritest→favorite④(2017·牡丹江市模擬)What’sbad,thedriver’sinformationmightbeunreliable.bad→worse⑤(2017·成都市模擬)Anyway,I’llgetusedtolivinghereandhopeeverythingwillbemorebettersoon.去掉more或more→much⑥(2017·九江市模擬)LocatedinNorthAmerica,Canadaisthesecondlargecountrywiththelargestnumberoflakesintheworld.large→largest1.原級、比較級和最高級之間的錯用。2.有些詞本身就含有最高級含義，不能再用最高級，如favorite,wonderful,exhausted等。3.比較級的重復(fù)：若形容詞和副詞后面加了-er，前面就不能再用more。4.固定結(jié)構(gòu)中比較級的錯用，如what’smore,what’sworse等。eq\a\vs4\al(——如何確定填形容詞還是副詞)判定方法應(yīng)用體驗1.當所給詞為形容詞時，除了比較等級外，主要考查轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞。反之亦然。2.作定語修飾名詞時應(yīng)用形容詞；作狀語修飾動詞時常用副詞。①(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Itiscertainly(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.②(2017·浙江高考)Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticedashiny/shining(shine)object.③(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.④(2017·濰坊實驗中學(xué)模擬)Youwillhaveawonderful(wonderfully)timeandgetusedtothelifesoon.eq\a\vs4\al(——形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則)自主練悟謹記規(guī)律①(2017·六盤山市模擬)It’smonly(mon)knownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwithoccupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.②(2017·邢臺市模擬)Hewontheracebyperseveranceandbypushingonsteadily(steady)．③(2017·吉林市普通中學(xué)調(diào)研測試)Agoodmemoryisofgreathelp,butitisnotenoughsimply(simple)tomemorizerulesfromagrammarbook.④(2017·成都市模擬)Second,theyhopetobeeconomically(economic)independentandbuywhatevertheyneed.1.一般情況加-lymon→monlyimmediate→immediately2.以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾，將y改為i然后加-lysteady→steadilybusy→busily3.以-le結(jié)尾，去掉e加-ysimple→simplygentle→gently4.以-ic結(jié)尾，加-allyeconomic→economicallyscientific→scientifically自主練悟謹記規(guī)律①(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.freely→free②(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Much→Many③(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.去掉very④(2013·四川高考)Ifoundthetestdifficult,butItriedhardlytodoit.hardly→hard⑤(2017·淮北市模擬)Bysharing,wecanoftengreatreduceoursadnessanddoubleourhappiness.great→greatly⑥(2017·濰坊實驗中學(xué)檢測)Obviously,theaccidentwascausedbyacarelessneighborlivinghighlyinanapartment.highly→high1.形容詞之間、副詞之間的錯用(1)意近引起