2023名校版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精

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Tunasashimimaybetastybuteverybitecomeswithahigh

bodycount:themillionsofsharkskilledeachyearwhenthey*re

accidentallycaughtbyindustrialfishingvessels.Nowanew

technologyhasshownpromisingresultsinsharplyreducingthe

killingofatoppredatorkeytokeepingoceanecosystems

healthy.

Thecylindrical（圓柱形的）device,calledSharkGuard,was

developedbyEishtekMarine,aUKcompanyin2020.The

SharkGuardcapsuleisattachedtoabaitedfishinghook.It

containsabattery-poweredcapacitorthatgeneratesa

three-dimensionalelectricfield,whichcanbesensedbysharks.

Theelectricalpulseoverstimulatestheanimal'selectroreceptors

thatitusestolocateprey；andshocksthesharkawayfromthe

hook.

InJulyandAugust2021,twovesselsfishingforbluefintuna

offthesouthcoastofFrancetestedSharkGuardonhundredsof

baitedhooks.Duringthetrials,“bycatch"ofbluesharksper1,

000hooksfellby91.3%.

Anestimated100millionsharksarekilledannuallyby

commercialfisheriesandsharkpopulationshavefallen71%

since1970,accordingtoscientists.

"Iseethisasbeingpotentiallyagame-changer/'said

RachelGraham,amarinescientist."Theuseofthese

instrumentswillbeveryhelpfulforcompaniestobeabletolabel

theirtunaortheirothertargetspeciesasbeing'sharksafe*zlike

theydowithdolphin-safetuna."

However,thecurrentversionofthedevicehasitslimitations

anditisnotyetcommerciallyavailable.Thebatterymustbe

changedafter65hours,whichwouldnotbefeasibleforvessels

thatdeploythousandsofhooksonfishinglinesthatcanstretch

formiles,

Asolution,though,isunderdevelopment.Fishtekhas

obtainedfundingfromthegovernmenttocreateaninduction

（電磁感應(yīng)）chargingsystemthatwouldbebuiltintothebinsthat

storelonglinehooks.Whenthehooksarereeledin,theywould

dockinachargingcupandbefullypoweredforthenext

deployment.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"atoppredator"inthefirst

paragraphreferto?

A.Sharks.

B.Tunas.

C.Vessels.

D.Hooks.

26.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?

A.WhatSharkGuardis.

B.HowSharkGuardworks.

C.WhySharkGuardisinvented.

D.WhateffectsSharkGuardhas.

27.WhatisRachelGraham*sattitudetowardsSharkGuard?

A.Doubtful

B.Uncaring.

C.Disapproving.

humanbodysmells.Theyfollowtheodors（氣味）and,whenthey

getveryclose,starttodetectbodyheat.Oncetheylandonthe

skin,theylookforaplacetobitewiththeirlegs.

Inmanypartsoftheworld,theirbitesmayleadtosuch

diseasesasdengue,Zika,chikungunyaandmalaria.Thelatter

diseasealonecausesoverhalfamilliondeathseachyeararound

theglobe.

“Butmostofwhatweknowaboutmosquitoes1senseof

smellcomesfromthestudyofthebrainsofmiceandfruitflies,

wherethepathwaysbetweenthebrainandsmelldetectorsare

fairlysimple:Eachneuron（神經(jīng)元）intheirsmelldetectorsjust

respondstoasinglekindofsmellandalltheneuronsforthat

smellareconnectedtothesamepartoftheirbrains.Ofcourse,

therearecountlessdifferentdetectorsrespondingtocountless

smells/'saysYounger."Whenwestartedlookinginside

mosquitobrains,wefoundthateachneuroncandetectmultiple

smells.”

〃It'sagreatbreakthrough/1saysJosefinadelMarmol,a

scientistattheHarvardMedicalSchoolwhowasn'tinvolved

withtheresearch.〃Itwillchangealotaboutwhatweknowof

howmosquitoesinteractwiththeworldandgiveresearchers

additionalwaystofightthebugs.Butthere1smoreworktobe

donetotest,neuronbyneuron,whichneuronactuallyresponds

towhichhumanbodysmells."

29.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmosquitoesfromparagraph2?

A.Theylookforaplacetobitewiththeireyes.

B.Theycanonlydetecthumanswithin30feet.

C.Theyarefirstattractedbyhumanbodysmells.

D.TheyaremoresensitivetotheCO2inthebreath.

30.Whichdiseasecausesmorethan0.5milliondeathseachyear

intheworld?

A.Malaria.

B.Zika.

C.Dengue.

D.Chikungunya.

31.WhatisMegYounger'snewdiscovery?

A.Thepathwaysinthebrainsofmicearefairlysimple.

B.Aneuroninmosquitoes,detectorscandetectmanysmells.

C.Alltheneuronsforasmellareconnectedtothesamepartof

thebrain.

D.Theneuronsinfruitflies'brainsjustrespondtoasinglekind

ofsmell.

32.Wh