高考英語閱讀理解模擬練習

（名師精選試題+解析答案，建議下載練習）

A

Sincethe1970s.scientistshavebeensearchingforways（olinkthebrainwithcomputers.

Braincomputerinterface（BCI）technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommardsto

machines.

Recently,tworesearchers,JoseMilanandMicheleAvellafromtheFederalPolytechnic

SchoolinLausanne,Switzerland,demonstrated（展示）asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbya

person'sthoughts.

Inthelaboratory,Avellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftor

righthand.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.

“Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord（脊糖）to

themusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanprevent

theseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles."Avellasays."Oursystemallows

disabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.''

Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfrom

thescalp（頭皮）andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommands

themotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.

Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.

Prof.Milan,theteamleader,saysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethat

interpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.°ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCI

technologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:communication,and

controllingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.,,

Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatients,soastoprovethatthisis

atechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.Andtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnology

overlongperiodsoftime.

1.HowdidAvellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?

A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.

B.Bytalkingtothemachine.

C.Bymovinghishand.

D.Byusinghismind.

2.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?

A.scalp—>computer—>cap—*wheelchair

B.computer—>cap—>scalp—>whcclchair

C.scalp—>cap—>coniputer—?wheelchair

D.cap—>computer—>scalp—>wheelchair

3.Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto.

A.makeprofitsfromthem

B.provethetechnologyusefultothem

C.makethemlivelonger

D.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Switzerland,theBCIResearchCenter

B.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorks

C.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabled

D.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries

答案與解析

l.D細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段可知Tavella只是思考動他的左右手就能操作這個輪椅。

甚至當他觀察這臺機器時就能進行交流，也能用他的思想指導機淵人工作。因此機器人是在

人腦的思想支配下進行工作的。故D項正確。

2.C細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段可知，首先研究人員為用戶設計一種特殊的帽子，它會

捕捉頭皮發(fā)出的信號并將其傳給電腦。電腦將這些信號進行分析翻譯，給監(jiān)控下的機器人輪

椅發(fā)出指令。機器人輪椅裝有兩部攝像頭能識別信號路徑中的物體，從而幫助電腦對人腦的

指令作出反應。故此處C項正確。

3.B推理判斷題。根據最后一段第二句"Oneistestingwithrealpalienls,soastoprove

thatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom”可知，在患者身上進行實驗是他們團隊工作的一

個目標，旨在i止明這項技術對他們有益。故止確答案選B項。

4.C主旨大意題。本文為科技說明文，開篇點題。介紹科學家研究的這項新技術BCI,

對殘疾人大有裨益。故正確答案為C項。

B

Todayjustastechnologychangedthefaceofindustry,farmshaveundergonean''agricultural

revolution''.Onthefarmoftoday,machinesprovidealmostallthepower.

Oneofthemostimportantbenefitswillbethefarmcomputer.Afewforward-lookingfarmers

arealreadyusingcomputerstohelpthemruntheirfarmsmoreefficiently.Thecomputershelp

themkeepmoreaccuraterecordssotheycanmakebelterdecisionsonwhalcropstoplant,how

muchlivestocktobuy,whentoselltheirproducts,andhowmuchprofittheycanexpect.Many

computercompanieshavebeendevelopingspecialcomputerprogramsjustforfarmers.Programs

arebeingwrittenforhogproducers,grainfarmers,potatofarmers,anddairyfarmers.Inthefuture,

farmerswillbeabletopurchasecomputerprogramsmadetoIheirneeds.Becauseofthegrowing

importanceofcomputersonthefarm,studentsatagriculturalcollegesarerequiredtotake

computerclassesinadditiontotheirnormalagriculturalcourses.Therecanbenodoubtthat

fannerswillrelyoncomputersevenmoreinthefuture.Whiletheold-timefarmdependedon

horsepower,andmodernfarmsdependonmachinepower,farmsofthefuturewilldependon

computerpower.

Anothertechnologicaladvancewhichisstillintheexperimentalstageistherobot,areal

"mechanizedhiredhand”thatwillbeabletomoveand,insomeways,thinklikeahumanbeing.

Agriculturalengineersbelievethatcomputer-aidedrobotswillmakestartlingchangesinfarming

beforetheendofthecentuiy.Unlikefarmersofthepresent,farmersofthefuturewillfindthat

manyday-to-daytaskswillbedonefbrthem.Scientistsarenowdevelopingrobotsthatwillbe

abletoshearsheep,drivetractors,andharvestfruit.Evencomplexjobswillbedonebyrobots.

Forexample,inordertomilktheircows,farmersmustfirstdrivethemintothebarn,thenconnect

themtothemilkingmachines,watch(hemachines,anddisconnectthemwhentheyarefinished.

Inthefuture,thiswillallbedonebyrobots.Inaddition,whenthemilkingiscompleted,therobots

willautomaticallychecktomakesurethatthemilkispure.Thecompletemobilizationofthefarm

isfarinthefuture,butengineersexpectthatsomerobotswillbeusedbeforelong.

1.Accordingtothepassage,computerscannothelpfarmersdecide.

A.howmuchmoneytheycancamfromtheirproducts

B.whethertoplantacertainkindofcrop

C.whentosell(heirproducts

D.whatlivestocktoraise

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Fannersmainlyuseiiiauliincsuntheirfarmsalpruscul.

B.Bothcomputersandrobotshavebeeninuseontoday'sfarms.

C.Fannersinthefuturewilldependtotallyoncomputers.

D.StudentsatagriculUiralcollegesmusttakecomputerclassesbecausetheycandonothing

withoutthehelpofcomputersontoday'sfarms.

3.Accordingtotheengineers,willbedonebyrobotsinthenearfuture.

A.allfarmworkB.milkingcows

C.mostofthefarmworkD.somefarmwork

4.Whatisthebesttitlefordiewholepassage?

A.Computer,farmers'bestfriendB.FarmersInthefuture

C.TheagriculturalrevolutionD.Computersandrobots

【答案與解析】本文介紹了科學技術在農業(yè)方面的重大作用以及機器人將在農業(yè)中的應用。

I.D細節(jié)題。從thecomputershelpthem...makebetterdecisionsonwhatcropstoplant,how

muchlivestocktobuy,whentosell（heirproducts,andhowmuchprofittheycanexpect可知a^

b、c三項正確，d項中應把whal改為howmuch。

2.A推斷題由onthefarmoftoday,machinesprovidealmostallthepower可推知A項正確。

3.C細節(jié)題。從thecompletemobilizationofthefarmisfarinthefuture,butengineersexpect

thatsomerobotswillbeusedbeforelong可知答案為c。

4.C中旨題。從todayjustastechnologychangedthefaceofindustry,farmshaveundergonean

“agriculluralrevolution”（科技推動了農業(yè)的重大變革），故答案選c?

C

Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouare

going,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.

Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomic

book.They'reknownastheblackbox.

Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsinthe

IndiaoceanJune30,2009,；heblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.Sowhen

aFrenchsubmarine（:替水艇）detectedthedevice'shomingsignalfivedayslater,（hediscovery

markedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswere

killed.

In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwould

trackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,which

becamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedto

withstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevice（裝置）wascompletelyredesignedandmoved

totherearoftheplane-thearealeastsubjecttoimpact-fmmitsoriginalpositioninthelanding

wells（起落架艙）.Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,which

wereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaicvisibility.

ModernairplaneshaveIwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots*

conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandother

operatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinalmoments.Placedinan

insulated（隔絕的）caseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,the

boxescanwithstandmassiveforceandtemperaturesupto2.000T.Whensubmerged,they'realso

abletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight

447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwalernearlythatdeep,butstatisticssay

they'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,only

oneplane'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.

50.InParagraphI,theauthorwantstosaytheblackbox.

A.isannecessarydeviceonanairplane

B.comesfromacomicbook

C.canpreventdisasters

D.cancontrolthefunctionofanairplane

51.FromtheblackboxontheYemeniairlinercouldbefound.

A.thesceneofthecrashandthedegreeofthedamage

B.thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard

C.dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash

D.homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash

52.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?

A.Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythatlime.

B.Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.

C.Tbomuchspacewasneededforitsdevice.

D.Theearlymodelsdidn'tprovidetheneededdata.

53.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?

A.Tlicrcisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.

B.Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed.

C.Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.

D.TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.

【文章綜述】本文介紹了飛機上一個非常重要的裝置一黑匣子，黑匣子的作用和它的改進過

程。

【答案解析】

50.A細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段提到Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly

你不會看到他，但當你"亍時它時刻跟隨著你，故選A項。

51.C細節(jié)題。根據第二段Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswayto

ComorosIslandsintheIndiaoceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifying

whalwentwrong.說明這個黑匣子里是一些數據，這些數據可以分析飛機墜毀的原因，故A

正確

52.B細節(jié)題：考點出處倒數第二段Earlymossoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin

1965thedevicewascompletelyredesigned…文中提至lj,早期的黑匣子經?？共蛔】针y的破壞

(failedtowithstandcrashes),因此在1965年，黑匣子重新設計(redesigned),所以答案為

B.

54.A推理題：考點出處最后?段ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,which

crashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restill

likelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesover(hepast30years,onlyoneplane's

blackboxeswereneverrecovered.文中提至lj,專家相信法航447號的黑匣子是在水下20000英

尺的深度，接著指出，但是統(tǒng)計數據顯示他們仍然可能出現，即有可能被找到，接下來的具

體統(tǒng)計數據也進一步說明了這一點，所以答案為A.

D

CanpeoplechangetheirskincolorwithoutsufferinglikepopkingMichaelJackson?Perhaps

yes.Scientistshavefoundthegenethatdeterminesskincolor.

Thegenecomesintwoversions,oneofwhichisfoundin99percentofEuropeans.Theother

isfoundin93to1(X)percentofAfricans,researchersatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityreportin

thelatestissueofScience.

Scientistshavechangedthecolorofadark-stripedzebrafishtouniformgoldbyinsertinga

versionofthepigment(色素)geneintoayoungfish.Aswithhumans,zebrafishskincoloris

determinedbypigmentcells,whichcontainmelanin.Thenumber,sizeanddarknessofmelanin

perpigmentcelldetermineskincolor.

Itappearsthat,likethegoldenzebrafish,light-skinnedEuropeansalsohaveamutation(變異)

inthegeneformelaninproduction.Thisresultsinlesspigmentedskin.However,KeithCheng,

leaderoftheresearchteam,pointsoutthatthemutationisdifferentinhumanandzebrafishgenes.

HumansacquireddarkskininAfricaabout1.5millionyearsagotoprotectbodiesfrom

ultra-violetraysofthesun,whichcancauseskincancer.

ButwhenmodernhumansleaveAfricatoliveinnorthernlatitudes,theyneedmoresunlight

ontheirskintoproducevitaminD.Sotherelatedgenechanges,accordingtoCheng.Asianshave

thesameversionofthegeneasAfricans,sotheyprobablyacquiredtheirlightskinthroughthe

actionofsomeothergenethataffectsskincolor,saidCheng.

Thenewdiscoveryccuklleadtomedicaltreatmentsforskincancer.Italsocouldleadto

researchintowaystochangeskincolorwithoutdamagingitlikechemicaltreatmentd:don

MichaelJackson.

6.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.

A.peoplecannotchangetheirskincolorwithoutanypair.

B.(henewdiscoverycouldleadtoresearchintowaystochangeskincolorsafely

C.popkingMichaelJacksonoftenchangedhisskincolorasheliked

D.scientistshavefoundoutthatpeople'sskincolorisdeterminedbythegene

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthspassagethat.

A.nowadayspeoplewhowanttochangetheirskincolorhavetosufferalotfromthedamage

causedbythechemicaltreamient

B.EuropeansandAfricanshavethesamegene

C.thenewdiscoverycouldhelptofindmedicaltreatmentsfbrskincancer

D.therearetwokindsofgenes

8.Scientistshavedoneanexperimentonadark-stripedzebrafishinorderto.

A.findthedifferentgenesofhumans'

B.provethehumans,skincolorisdeterminedbythepigmentgene

C.findoutthereasonwhytheAfricans'skincolorisdark

D.findoutthewaysofchangingpeople'sskincolor

9.Thewriter'sattitudetowardsthediscoveryis.

A.neutralB.negativeC.positiveD.indifferent

【參考答案】6—9、DABC

E

WhenJeffSparkiiituidrawsliisuarluonsupurhciocswithcoloredpencils,lieoflcnhasluask

otherpeopletotellhimwhatcolorhismaskedmenturnedouttobebecausehe'scolor-blind.Now,

anewsmartphoneapplication(app)canhelphimfigureoutwhatcolorshe'susingandhowthe

picturelookstomosteveryoneelse.

TheDanKamapp,availableforiPhoneandAndroidfor$2.99,isanapplicationthattunisthe

vaguecolorsthatonepercentofthepopulationwithcolor-blindnessseesinto(he"true"colorsas

everyoneelseseesthem.InAmerica,anestimated32millioncolor-blindAmericans-95%are

males—cansoonhavetheirlifeimproved.

"DanKamtakesthestreamofdatacominginthroughthephone'scameraandchangesthe

colorsslightlysotheyfallwithintherangethatpeoplewhoarecolor-blindsee,"developerDan

KaminskytoldCNET.Hecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingthe2009filmStarTrekwitha

color-blindfriend.

Itwasthenthathegottoknowmoreaboutcolorblindnesslikeitsvaryingtypesanddegrees.A

vastmajority,forinstance,havetroubleseeingredorgreenduetoageneticdefeci（遺傳缺陷）.

Blue-yellowcolorblindness,however,israreranddevelopslaterinlifebecauseofaging,illnessor

headinjuries,etc.Hestartedexperimentingwithoneofthemostcommonrepresentationsof

pointsintheRGBcolormodel.WhattheDanKamappattemptstodoistocleanupthecolor

spaceoftheimageorvideosignalsothatcolorscanbevisibletothosesufferingfromviewing

problems.4iYoucanadjusttheapptofityourneeds.Thereisarangeandnoteveryonewhois

color-blindseesthingsthesame.”SaysKaminsky.

Sparkman,acopyeditoralCNET,triedouttheappandwaspleasedwiththeresults."Ilwould

beusefulfbrdressingforajobinterview,"hesaid.Butusingitfbrhisartis“themostpractical

application."ItworkedwellonLEDandotherlightsonelectronicgadgets,whichmeans

Sparkmancannowidentifythepowerlightonhiscomputerdisplayasgreen.

46.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,wecanknowthatDanKam.

A.appearedinthemovieStarTrekB.canturnvaguecolorsintorealones

C.isaphoneusedtohelpdrawingpicturesD.isdesignedtohelppeoplewithcolorblindness

47.HowdoesDanKam?sappwork?

A.ItputsLEDandotherlightsonelectronicgadgets.

B.Itchangesthecolorssothatcolor-blindpeoplecanseethem.

C.Ilcheckscolor-blindpeople,stypesofdegreesofculurblindiicss.

D.ItshowscommonrepresentationsofpointsintheRGBcolormodel

48.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatcolorblindness.

A.cannotbecuredbyanymethodsB.ismorecommonlyseeninwomen

C.isnotnecessarilyinborndiseaseD.makespeopleunabletotellanycolors

49.TheunderlinedwordvisibleinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto.

A.portableB.enjoyableC.adjustableD.recognizable

該文介紹了DanKam這款能夠幫助色盲人士辨別顏色手機應用程序。

46.D細節(jié)理解題。由文章前兩段可知DanKam是一款幫助色盲人士辨別顏色手機應用程

序，故選D。

47.B細節(jié)理解題。從文章第三段第一句可知答案。其余選項是移花接木的說法。

48.C推理判斷題。由第四段下列句子信息：Blue-yellov/colorblindness,however,israrerand

developslaterinlifebecauseofaging,illnessorheadinjuries,etc.可知藍綠色盲可能是由外因

引起的，因此色盲并不一定是一種天生的疾病。

49.D詞義猜測題。該句說明的是DanKam的工作原理：由此開發(fā)出來的DanKam程序能

夠清除圖片或錄像信號中的光距，這樣的話色盲人士也能看見各種顏色了。

F

Conventionalwisdomsaysthathardshipcanmakeusoldbeforeourtime.Infact,anew

studysuggeststhatviolencenotonlyleaveslong-termscarsonchildren'sbodies,butalsochanges

theirDNA,causingchangesthatareequaltoseventotenyearsofprematureaging（過早老化）.

Scientistsmeasuredthisbystudyingtheendsofchildren'schromosomes（染色體），called

telomeres,saysIdanShalcv,leadauthorofastudypublishedinMolecularPsychiatry.

TelomeresarcspecialDNAsequences（序列I）whichpreventtheDNAinchromosomesfrom

separating.Theygetshortereachtimeacelldivides,untilacellcannotdivideanymoreanddies.

Severalfactorshavebeenfoundtoshortentelomeres,includingsmoking,radiationand

psychologicalstressessuchasbeingtreatedbadlywhenyoungandtakingcareofachronicallyill

pers