高考英語英語閱讀篇章專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2

【篇章6]ThereturnofseaotterstoSoutheastAlaskaoverthepast50years,aprojectfunded

bytheU.S.AtomicEnergyCommission,hasbeenaconservationsuccessstory.ErinFoster,a

NearshoreEcologyPhDfromHakaiInstitute,suggeststhatseaotterrestorationcanenhancethe

geneticdiversityoftheirhabitat.

Seaottersresideincoastalhabitats,includingeelgrassfields,wheretheyfeedonrockcrabs,

oftencreatingforagingpils(覓食坑)intheeelgrass.Fosterlookedal(heimpactofthisactivityon

eelgrassgeneticdiversitybycomparingeelgrassecosystemswithnootters(pre-disturbance)to

thosewhereottershadbeenreintroduced(post-disturbance).Itwasfoundthatgeneticdiversity

washigherintheareaswithotters.Fosterarguesthatgeneticrichnessisofcentralimportance

herebecauseitiscrucialtoresilience(恢復(fù)力)and(heevolutionofclonalorganisms.Why?The

primarymodeofexpansionforeelgrassisclonalgrowth,butseaotterdiggingstimulatessexual

reproductioninthefloweringplantandopensupareasfortheseedstosettle.

Eventhoughdisturbanceenhancesthediversityanddynamicsofmanyoftheworld's

ecosystems,itsinfluenceongeneticdiversityremainspoorlyappreciated.Theamountof

disturbancethatwasobservedintheeelgrassfieldswasrelativelylow:about5%oftheseafloor

hadforagingpits,although:hcpitslastonlyforashorttime,andvisualobservationslikely

underestimatetheamountofactivity.Thedisturbancetheory,presentedin1978onthebasisof

evidencefromtropicalforestsandcoralreefs,iswellknowntoecologists.Earlystudiesshowed

thatdisturbancecouldincreasespeciesdiversity,butresearchesontheeffectsofdisturbanceon

geneticdiversityarerelativelyrare.

Theroleofseaottersineelgrassfieldsprovidesinsightsintohowgeneticdiversitycan

changewhenspeciesinteractionsarelost-andhowthesepatternscanberestored.Withoutsea

otters,geneticdiversityappearstodecline;whentheyreturn,sodoesdiversity.Seaotterswere

extimatedfrommuchof(heirrangeduringintensecommercialharvestsinthe18thand19th

centuries.Astheirrangeexpandedinthe1960sand1970safterthedisturbance,andtheirhabitats

becamebetterunderstood,seaottersbecamesymbolicspeciesinecology.

Theroleofseaottersinbiogeochemicalprocessessuchasthecarboncyclehasgained

atlenlioninrecentyears.During(heUnitedNationsDecadeDFIEcosystemRestoration

(2021-2030),moreattentionshouldbepaidtorebuildinganimalpopulationsandthekey

ecologicalfunctionstheyprovide.

16.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.eelgrassecosystemsareestablishedbyseaotters

B.eelgrassexpandsthroughclonalgrowthduetoseaotters

C.thereturnofseaotterscanincreasegeneticdiversityofcclgrass

D.eelgrassplaysamoreimportantroleintheecosystemthanseaoilers

17.WhatcanwcinfcifiuiuPaiagiaph3?

A.Theecologicaldisturbancetheorylacksbasicproof.

B.Thepreviousresearchesondisturbanceareinsufficient.

C.Thenecessityoftheresearchondisturbanceisdoubted.

D.Theeffectsofdisturbanceongeneticdiversityarcrelativelysmall.

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extirpaled”inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Removed.B.Restored.C.Reproduced.D.Relocated.

19.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TheEcologicalFunctionofEelgrassFields

B.TheCommitmenttoEcologicalConservation

C.TheStrategyforIncreasingSeaOtterPopulation

D.TheBenefitofDisturbanceonGeneticDiversity

【篇章7】Exhibitions

TheVanishedReality

TheModernArtOxfordGallerycelebratesits50yearsinexistencewithnineartists,

includingEuropeanbignamesMarcelBroodthaersandHansHacke,exploringtherelationship

betweentheproductionofartworkandthesocialconditionsinwhichitiscreated.

ModernArtOxford(01865722733),Dec.l5-Dec.31

TheTaylorWessingPhotographicPortrait

Britain'sleadinginternationalphotographiccompetitionisopentogiftedamateursand

professionalsfromaroundtheworld,competingforthe￡15,000prize.Fifty-sevenpicturesareon

show.

NationalPortraitGallery,LondonWC2(02073060055),Feb.10-Feb.26

MastersofJapanesePhotography

Timelessbeautyandurbanbadconditionsarethetwinpolesofpost-SecondWorldWar

Japanesephotography.Focusingontheformer,whileallowingspaceforthelatter,thisviewof

threekeyfigures-NobuyoshiAraki,EikohHosoeandKikujiKawada-featuresaround60works

andshowsthetechnicalskillsofJapanesephotographersoverthisperiod.

SainsbuiyCentreforVisualArts,Norwich(01603593199),Mar.8-Mar.l9

TheRadicalEye

Drawnfromoneoftheworld'sgreatestphotographiccollections-yes,EltonJohiVs-this

astonishingshowfocusesonthekeyperiodbetweentheTwentiesandFifties,withsomephotos

byManRayandkeyworksbyBrassai,LangeandKertesz.Aphototakesonacompletely

differentfeelwhenyouexperimentwithexposures,papersandburnishing(拋光)techniqueslike

(hemasterphotographershere.

TateModern,LondonSEI(02078878888),May1-May7

20.WhatisspecialabouttheTaylorWessingPhotographicPortrait?

A.Lasting(helongest.B.Offeringsomemoney.

C.Displayingmorephotos.D.Beingaimedatamateurs.

21.WhichofthefollowingwillbeonduringtheChristmasholiday?

A.TheRadicalEye.B.TheVanishedReality.

C.MastersofJapanesePhotography.D.TheTaylorWessingPhotographicPortrait.

22.WhereshouldwcgototakepartinMastersofJapanesePhotography?

A.ModernArtOxford.

B.TateModem,LondonSEI.

C.NationalPortraitGallery,LondonWC2.

D.SainsburyCentreforVisualArts,Norwich.

【篇章8】Birds'bodiesarcbecomingsmallerinsizeinresponsetoclimatechange,evenin

placesliketheAmazonrainforestthatarerelativelyuntouchedbyhumanhands,accordingtoa

newstudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances.

Researchersfoundthatnearlyallofthebirds'bodieshavebecomelightersincethe1980s,

losingonaverageabout2%oftheirbodyweighteverydecade.Foranaveragebirdspeciesthat

weighedabout30gramsinthe1980s,thepopulationnowaveragesabout27.6grams.Thestudy

alsorevealedthatwingspanwasgettingbiggerintheAmazonbirdspeciesstudied.

Thesebirdsdon'tvarythatmuchinsize.Wheneveryoneinthepopulationisacoupleof

gramssmaller,it,ssignificant.Thisisundoubtedlyhappeningalloverandprobablynotjustwith

birds.

Alowerbodyweightandincreasingwinglengthmeansthatbirdsuseenergymoreefficiently,

theresearchersnoted.Forexample,comparedwithafighterjetwithshortwingsthatneedslotsof

fueltofly,agliderplanewithathinbodyandlongwingsflicsupintotheairwithmuchless

energy.

Thestudyconcludedthatawarmerclimatewasthedrivingforceofthesechanges.The

climateinBrazilianAmazonia,wherethebirdslived,hadgottenhotterandwetteroverthestudy

period.Since1966,rainfallincreasedby13%inthewetseasonandfellby15%inthedry,with

temperaturesincreasingby1degreeCelsiusinthewetseasonand1.65degreesCelsiusinthedry

season.Thechangeinclimatemighthavemadefoodorotherresourcesinsufficient.

Together,bodyproportionsmovedinthedirectionofmoreefficientflightandlower

metabolicheatproductionandareconsistentwithaplasticorgeneticadaptationtoresourceor

thermalstressunderclimatechange.

Animalsaredealingwithclimatechangeindifferentways.

23.Whatisthedirectcauseofbirds'changes?

A.Awarmerclimate.B.Ascientificadvance.C.Alackofsufficicni

food.D.Alackofdrinkingwater

24.Whyisagliderplanementionedinparagraph4?

A.Toshowplanesflywithmuchlessfuel.B.Toprovebirdsneedmuchenergytofly.

C.Todemonstratebirds'efficientenergyuse.D.Toillustrateplanesneedlotsoffueltofly.

25.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?

A.Animals'otherbodypartchanges.B.People'sattemptstoprotectanimals.

C.Birds'adaptationtoclimatechange.D.Animals'waystotackleclimatechange

26.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthe(ext?

A.BirdsNowadaysAlsoHavetoAdapttoClimateChange

B.TheClimateCrisisIsInfluencingBirds'BodyShapes

C.It'sOurDutytoTakeMeasurestoProtectBirdsonthePlanet

D.It'sTimetoRaiseHumanBeings5AwarenessofClimateCrisis

【篇章9】Couldadailywalkbeevenbetterforourhealththanwethought?Severalnew

studiesshowthatwalkingnotonlyburnsfat,butalsoboostslongevity(長壽)andhasadramatic

anti-ageingeffectonthebody.

Inthelatestofthesefindings,duetobepublishedinthejournalCommunicationsBiologyin

thenextfewweeks,ThomasYates,aprofessorattheUniversityofLeicester,showedthatwalkers

whoadoptaquickpacecanhaveabiologicalage15yearsyounger(han(hosewhotake(heirlime.

Yatesandhisteamlookedatthelengthoftelomeres(端粒)ofchromosomes(染色體)in405,981

middle-agedadultsintheUK.Aswegrowolder,ourtelomeresshorten,whichresultsin

acceleratedcellageing.4kIfwecankeepthemlongfbraslongaspossible,itactsasabuffer

againstageing,“saysYates.

Theirfindingsfollowareviewandanalysisof15studiesonwalkinginvolvingalmost50.000

people(hatwaspublishedthisweek.AmandaPalucha((heUniversityofMassachusettsAmhers

confirmedthatdailywalkingimproveshealthandlongevity,butmoredailystepsarebetteronly

uptoapoint.Foradultsunder60,Paluchshowedadailytotalof8,000-10,000stepswasbestfor

reducingriskofearlydeath,while6,000-8,0()0stepswasenoughfbrtheover-60s.

Walkinghasalsorecentlybeenshowntostrengthenthebloodflow(othebrain.Inoneofthe

largeststudies,researchersrevealedthat20minutesofquickwalkingmostdaysfrommiddleage

onwardswilllowertheriskofdementia(癡呆).ProfessorEdwardZamrinisays,“Theideathat

youcanreduceyourriskforAlzheimer'sdiseasebysimplyincreasingyouractivityisvery

promising/,

Eveninpeoplewithsomeexistingage-relatedmemorydamage,walkingcanworkwonders,

asayear-longstudyintheJournalofAlzheimer'sDiseaseshowed.("Walkingisbyfarthebest

medicinewchavefbrahealthylife/'saysYates.

27.WhatdidThomasYates'studyfindaboutfastwalking?

A.Itcausesadamagingeffecton(hebody.

B.Itslowsdowntheprocessofcellageing.

C.Itincreasesthenumberofchromosomes.

D.Itshortensmiddle-agedadults'telomeres.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“buffer”inParagraph2mean?

A.Somethingshorteningtelomeres.

B.Somethingspeedingupcellageing.

C.Somethingcountingthewalkingpace.

D.Somethinghelpingprotectfromharm.

29.WhatdidAmandaPaluchconsiderwhendoingresearch?

A.Bodyshape.B.Agegroup.

C.Occupationtype.D.Samplesize.

30.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Howdailywalkinghelpsburnfat

B.Whywalkingis(hebestmidlifeexercise

C.Howmanydailystepsarebetterforadults

D.Whetherwalkingreducestheriskofdementia

【篇章10])BestSummerCampsinNewYorkState

CampEagleHill

In1963,sixtycampersenjoyedCampEagleHillforthefirsttime.Sincethen,campershave

founditatopplacetospend(heirsummervacationinNewYorkwhilebuildingsuccessful

relationshipswithnewfriends.Despitetheageofyourkids,theycanfindanactivitythatsuits

(hem.Therearenowtwoteachersforeverysevenkidstoassure(保證)thatyourkidsreceive(he

carefulattention.

IroquoisSprings

Foundedin1931,thisovernightcamp,locatedinRockHill,NewYork,iswhereyourkids

canfindpeaceandindependence.IroquoisSpringshosts500childrenorsobetweentheagesof7

and16overthesummer.Withanexcellentlocationsurroundedbythebeautyofnature,youcan

restassuredyourchildrenwillenjoytheirsummerdiscoveringandparticipatinginnewthings.

CampMa-He-l\i

CampMa-He-Tuisanaffordablesleep-awaycampforgirlsages7to15andwasfounded

over80yearsagoin1937!Theyoungwomenthereenjoyanexcitingmixoftraditionalcamp

activitiesfocusingonindividualgrowth,andteamwork!Ma-He-Tuisasmallcamp~only110

campersduringeachsession(期)一thatprovidesapersonalcampingexperienceforeverygirland

enablescamperstolearnnewskillsandmakelife-longfriendsinasupportiveandfriendly

environment.

CampLakota

Foundedin1924,CampLakotaisclosetoMastenLakeprovidingafunenvironmentfor

activities.Itcreatesasafeenvironmentwhereyourkidscanmakefriends,havefun,andfindnew

interests.Theycantryzip-lining,gymnastics,arts,dance,horsebackriding,andtheater.

31.Whichistheoldestcainpaccordingtothepassage?

A.CampEagleHill.B.IiuquuisSprings.

C.CampMa-He-Tu.D.CampLakota.

32.HowdoesCampMa-He-Tudifferfromtheothercamps?

A.Itisforkidsages7to16.

B.Itisdesignedforgirls7to15yearsold.

C.Itonlyoffersallkindsofwateractivities.

D.1（canholdmorechildrenthananyothercamp.

33.Whoisthepassagespeciallyintendedfor?

A.Teachersprovidingcampsforfree.

B.Studentslookingforwardtosummervacations.

C.Campersinterestedinindoorcamping.

D.Parentswillingtosendtheirkidstocamp.

16.C17.B18.A19.D

【分析】這是一篇說明文，講述了科學(xué)干預(yù)如海獺的恢復(fù)可以增強(qiáng)它們棲息地的基因多樣性，

深入發(fā)現(xiàn)人類干預(yù)的好處和這一行為的過少關(guān)注現(xiàn)狀，呼吁更多研究在這一領(lǐng)域。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段末尾“ErinFoster.…suggeststhatseaotterrestorationcanenhance

（hegeneticdiversityoftheirhabitat.”（海獺的恢復(fù)可以增強(qiáng)它們棲息地的基因多樣性。）和“Sea

ottersresideincoastalhabitats,includingeelgrassfields”（海獺居住在沿海的棲息地,包括大

葉藻地）可知，海獺的【可歸可以增加大葉藻地的遺傳多樣性，故選C。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theamountofdisturbancethatwasobservedintheeelgrassfields

wasrelativelylow.......butresearchesontheeffectsofdisturbanceongeneticdiversityare

relativelyrare.”（在大葉藻地觀察到的擾動(dòng)量相對(duì)較低.....但對(duì)干擾對(duì)遺傳多樣性影響的研究

相對(duì)較少。）可知，之前對(duì)干擾的研究還不夠。故選B。

18.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后面duringintensecommercialharvests（大規(guī)模商業(yè)捕撈期間）

可以推斷數(shù)量肯定下降，跟選項(xiàng)Aremoved被移除意思相符合，故選A。

19.標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“seaotterrestorationcanenhancethegeneticdiversityoftheir

habilat”（海獺的恢復(fù)可以增強(qiáng)它們棲息地的基因多樣性）和第三段“Eventhoughdisturbance

enhancesthediversityanddynamicsofmanyoftheworld'secosystems''（盡管干擾增強(qiáng)了世界

許多生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的多樣性和動(dòng)態(tài)性）以及最后一段“moreattentionshouldbepaidtorebuilding

animalpopulationsandthekeyecologicalfunctionstheyprovide.''（應(yīng)更多地關(guān)注動(dòng)物種群的重

建及其提供的關(guān)鍵生態(tài)功能。）可知，人類的干預(yù)例如海獺的恢復(fù)等對(duì)基因多樣性有益處，

應(yīng)該更多關(guān)注，故選D.

20.B21.B22.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些藝術(shù)展的內(nèi)容、展出時(shí)間、聯(lián)系方式和展出

地點(diǎn)等信息。

20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheTaylorWessingPhotographicPortrait標(biāo)題下的內(nèi)容的第一句話

“Britain'sleadinginternationalphotographiccompetitionisopentogiftedamateursand

professionalsfromaroundtheworld,competingforthe￡15,000prize.（英國領(lǐng)先的國際攝影比

賽面向來自世界各地的有天賦的業(yè)余愛好者和專業(yè)人士，他們將爭奪￡15000英鎊獎(jiǎng)金）”可

知，這個(gè)TheTaylorWessingPhotographicPortrait的特殊之處在于會(huì)給獲獎(jiǎng)的人提供獎(jiǎng)金。

故選Bo

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheVanishedReality下的“ModernArtOxford（01865722733）,

Dec.l5-Dec.31（牛津現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)展（01865722733）,12月15日至31日）”可知,TheVanished

Reality在圣誕節(jié)期間展出。故選B。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MastersofJapanesePhotography標(biāo)題下的“SainsburyCentrefbrVisual

Arts,Norwich（01603593199）,Mar.8-Mar.19（塞恩斯伯里視覺藝術(shù)中心，諾里奇（0160359

3199）,3月8日至3月3日）”可知,如果去參觀MastersofJapanesePhoiography的話,地

點(diǎn)在SainsburyCentreforVisualArts,Norwiche故選D。

23.A

24.C

25.D

26.B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文.文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥類為了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，身體正在變得

越來越小。文章具體說明了鳥類體重的變化情況以及這一變化給鳥類帶來的影響等。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Birds5bodiesarebecomingsmallerinsizeinresponsetoclimate

change,eveninplacesliketheAmazonrainforestthatarerelativelyuntouchedbyhumanhands,

accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances.（根據(jù)發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜

志上的一項(xiàng)新研究，為了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，鳥類的身體正變得越來越小，即使是在亞馬遜雨林

這樣相對(duì)未被人類手觸及的地方）”可知，鳥類變化的直接原因是氣候變暖。故選A。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Alowerbodyweightandincreasingwinglengthmeansthatbirds

useenergymoreefficiently,theresearchersnoted.Forexample,comparedwithafighterjetwith

shortwingsthatneedslotsoffueltofly,agliderplanewithathinbodyandlongwingsfliesup

intotheairwithmuchlessenergy.（研究人員指出,較低的體重和增加的翅膀長度意味著鳥類更

有效地利用能量。例如，與機(jī)翼短、需要大量燃料飛行的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)相比，機(jī)身薄、機(jī)翼長的滑

翔機(jī)飛向空中所需的能量要少得多）”可推知，在第4段提到滑翔機(jī)是為了表明鳥類高效的能

源使用。故選C。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Animalsarcdealingwithclimatechangeindifferentways.（動(dòng)

物們正以不同的方式應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化廠可推知，下一段可能會(huì)討論動(dòng)物應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的方法。

故選Do

26.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Birds'bodiesarcbecomingsmallerinsizeinresponsetoclimate

change,eveninplacesliketheAmazonrainforestthatarerelativelyuntouchedbyhumanhands,

accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances.（根據(jù)發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜

志上的一項(xiàng)新研究，為了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，鳥類的身體正變得越來越小，即使是在亞馬遜雨林

這樣相對(duì)未被人類手觸及的地方）”結(jié)合文章具體說明了鳥類體重的變化情況以及這一變化

給鳥類帶來的影響等?？芍珺選項(xiàng)“氣候危機(jī)正在改變鳥類的體形”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選

B

【點(diǎn)睛】

27.B

28.D

29.B

30.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。研究表明，堅(jiān)持每天步行不僅可以燃燒脂肪，增加長壽而且還

對(duì)?于對(duì)抗身體老化有著極大的好處。

27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Inthelatestofthesefindings,duetobepublishedinthe

journalCommunicationsRiologyinthenextfewweeks,ThomasYates,aprofessoratthe

UniversityofLeicester,showedthatwalkerswhoadoptaquickpacecanhaveabiologicalage15

yearsyoungerthanthosewholaketheir（ime.（在最近的研究中，萊斯特大學(xué)的教授Thomas

Yates表明，每天快走的步行者比那些慢走的人生物年齡要年輕15歲。）“可知，ThomasYates

的研究表明，快走的人能減緩衰老的過程，故選B。

28.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Aswegrowolder,ourtelomeresshorten,whichresultsin

acceleratedcellageing.t4Ifwecankeepthemlongfbraslongaspossible,itactsasabuffer

againstageing,"saysYates.（隨著我們變老，我們的染色像的端粒就變短，因此也就加速了

細(xì)胞老齡化。Yates說道：’如果我們盡量保持端粒的長度，那么它就會(huì)充當(dāng)一個(gè)保護(hù)層，對(duì)

抗細(xì)胞老齡化?！翱芍?，根據(jù)前文的染色體端粒變短的話，就會(huì)加速細(xì)胞老齡化，因此如

果能保持端粒的長度，那么也就能減緩細(xì)胞老齡化，故此處buffer意為充當(dāng)阻礙老齡化的保

護(hù)層，故選D。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AmandaPaluchattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmhers

confirmedthatdailywalkingimproveshealthandlongevity,butmoredailystepsarebetteronly

uptoapoint.Foradultsunder60,Paluchshowedadailytotalof8,000-10,000stepswasbestfor

reducingriskofearlydeath,while6,000-8,000stepswasenoughfortheover-60s.（馬薩諸塞州阿

莫斯特大學(xué)的AmandaPaluch認(rèn)為，每日步行能提高健康狀況并且延長壽命，但是每天更多

的步數(shù)只在一定程度上有好處。Paluch表明，對(duì)于60歲以下的成年人，每天走800（）到10000

步對(duì)于降低早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的效果是最好的，但是60歲以上的，每天6000至8000步就足夠

了。）”可知,AmandaPaluch在做研究時(shí)，考慮到了不同年齡層的人,故選B。

30.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Severalnewstu