議論文-學(xué)考真題分類匯編Visitamedium-orlarge-sizedcompanythesedays,andyou’relikelytofindthestaffmemberssharingalarge,openspace.Insteadofhavingpersonalofficeswithdoorsandwalls,mostworkerssitincubicles(隔間)thatarehalfopen.Wheneverworkerstalkonthephone,othermembersofstaffnearbycan’tsimplyshuttheirdoors.Infact,sometimestheycan’thelpbutoverheareverythingthat’ssaid.Attimes,thebestwaytofocusinthistypeofofficeistoreachforone’sheadphonesandlistentomusic.Theopenofficeideaisnotnew;itwascreatedbyateamofconsultantsfromHamburg,Germany,inthe1950s.Calledtheofficelandscape(景觀)plan,theideawascreatedwithagoodattempt—toimprovecommunicationandtheexchangeofideas.Thedesignalsoencouragedmanagersandtheirteamstoworkneareachother,makingiteasierformanagerstoguideprojects.Now,theopenofficeideaisoftenusedasanexcuseforcompaniestosavemoneyonbuildingcosts,payingnoattentiontotheeffectonworkingperformance.Manystart-upshaveagreatinterestintheopenofficeidea.TakeChartbeatforexample.Thecompany’s50-plusstaffmembersgettochoosetheirdeskandchairstyles,andeveryonesharesanopenspacewiththeCEOsittinginthemiddle.Theofficespacehasbothsingleworkstationsandinformalmeetingareaswhereworkerscanrelaxthemselvesonsofas.Whilethisdesignmaybeperfectforworkersinstart-ups,itmaynotbeconvenientforworkerswhohaveagreatneedofpersonalspace.In2011MatthewDavis,anorganizationalpsychologist(心理學(xué)家),reviewedoverahundredstudiesregardingofficeenvironments.Hefoundthat,tostaffinopenoffices,itwashardertostayfocusedandmorelikelytosufferhigherstresslevelsthanthoseworkingintraditionaloffices.What'sworse,astudyinDenmarkfoundthatworkersinopenofficestookmoresickdaysthanthoseworkingintraditionaloffices.Eventhoughopenofficeplanspresenthiddenproblemsintermsofworkerhealthandpersonalneeds,businessesprobablywon’treturntotraditionaloffices.Modernofficeworkerstendtoneedbothtimestofocusandtimestoworktogetherwithothers.Sodesigningofficesthataccountforbothneedsmaybethebestwayforward.1．Whatismainlydiscussedabouttheopenofficeinparagraph1?A．Thebenefit. B．Theproblem. C．Thehistory. D．Themanagement.2．Whatwastheoriginalpurposeoftheofficelandscapeplan?A．Tosavespace. B．Toreducecost.C．Toimproveworkingconditions. D．Toencouragecommunication.3．AccordingtoMatthewDavis,staffinopenofficesare___________.A．lessstressed B．moreenergetic C．lessconcentrated D．morehardworking4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“accountfor”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Include. B．Record. C．Beapartof. D．Beacauseof.Mr.GuoisateacherfromXi’an.HeaskedhisstudentstohandintheirhomeworkthroughaQRcode(二維碼).“Wespentanhourortwoinclasslearninghowtogenerate(產(chǎn)生)thecodes,andintheendeverythinggetseasier”saidGao.“Whenstudentsfinishthehomework,theykeepitonWeChat.Then,eachstudentmakeshisownQRcodeandgivesittome.SoIcanchecktheirworkeverywhereusingmycomputerortelephone.”TheQRcodescanbesenttoMr.Guobyemail,QQandWeChat.WhenGuoscans(掃描)hisstudents’QRcodes,theirhomeworkappearsonhisphone.Hefindsthattheirhomeworkbecomesmorecreative,withmanypictures,musicandevenvideos.Guo’sstudentslikethenewwayandthinkitisinteresting.“Wearelivingintheinformationage.Manystudentsliketoworkwithcomputers,whichmakeslearningmorefun,”saidTingting,astudentofGuo’s.“Thepaperisnoteasytokeep,butthecodeiseasytokeepandshare,”Guosaid.“Itisworthtryingtousenewtechnologyineducation.Educationitselfisakindofcreation.Idon’twantmystudentstofallbehindthetimes.”However,someparentsareworried.Theyareafraidthattheirchildrenwillspendtoomuchtimeoncomputersandlesstimecommunicatingwithteachers.Butinfact,it’sunnecessary.Studentsstillneedtolookupinformationinbooksandwriteitdownwhentheydotheirhomework.Theyonlyusethecodewhentheyhandintheirhomework,whichdoesn’ttakethemtoomuchtime.Alsoforteachers,itallowsthemtochecktheStudents’workatanytime.Andit’salsoaneasywaytosharehomeworkwithotherstudents.5．Accordingtothepassage,studentscankeeptheirhomeworkon________.A．WeChat B．QQ C．e-mail D．blog6．Guo’sstudentsthinkthenewwayis________.A．strange B．boring C．interesting D．unnecessary7．Someparentsareworried,becausetheythinktheirchildrenwill________.A．talkwithteachersfacetofaceB．spendtoomuchtimeoncomputersC．notlikethenewwayofhandinginhomeworkD．findtheQRcodestoodifficulttouse8．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Teachersneedn’tcheckhomeworkanymore.B．Studentsneedn’thandinhomeworkanymore.C．UsingQRcodesmakescheckinghomeworkeasier.D．Someparentsareworriedabouttheirchildren.TheInternetisanamazingtool,especiallyforchildrenwhowanttolearn.Butitalsohasdarkside.Parentshavetoaskthemselves,“Whenistherighttimetoletmychildgoonline?”Thisisamuchbiggerproblemthanitusedtobe.Nowweliveinatimewhenafamilycouldhavemorethanonecomputer.Itiscommonforchildrentohavetheirowncomputersorlaptops.Somealsohavephonesandtablets(平板電腦).Parentsdohavedifficultyinactingcorrectly.Ontheonehand,itwouldbefoolishtokeepchildrenfromtheInternetastheycanlearnalotfromit.Butontheotherhand,parentsshouldn’tletchildrendowhatevertheylikeontheInternet.Theproblemisthateverybodyisbusynowadays,andthisiscertainlytrueforparents.Howmanyparentshavethetimetositdonwiththeirkidswhentheydotheirhomeworkonline?Somedo,butmorearejustnotableto.SoatwhatageshouldchildrenbeallowedtousetheInternet?Accordingtoasurvey,theaverageagewhenparentsallowtheirchildrentogoonlineindependentlyisabouteightyearsold.Asanonparent(無子女者)，Idofindithardtoagree.Ialwaysbelievethateducationisthekeytosuccess.However,IthinkchildrenasyoungaseightmayfacealotofdangerswhentheyusetheInternetwithoutparentsbeingaround.SoIthinkschoolsandparentshavetheresponsibilitytoteachchildrennotonlyhowtousetheInternet,butalsohowtodoitsafely.9．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellinparagraph2?A．ItisveryeasyforchildrentousetheInternet.B．Parentsspendmoretimeonlinethantheirkids.C．Computersorlaptopsaren’tcommonathome.D．Parentsdon’tcareabouttheirkidsgoingonline.10．Whatcanwelearnaboutmanyparents?A．Theyhavealotoftimetolookaftertheirkids.B．Theyhavenotroubleinactinginacorrectway.C．Theyareunwillingtohelptheirkidswithhomework.D．Theycan’tstaywiththemwhentheirkidsstudyonline.11．Accordingtothetext,theauthorthinksA．parentsshouldkeeptheirkidsawayfromtheInternetB．kidswillnotfacedangerswhentheyusetheInternetC．it’sunnecessarytocutoutharmfulinformationonlineD．kidsshouldbetaughttousetheInternetinaproperway12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ReasonsforChildrentoUsetheInternetB．TheAgeforChildrentoUsetheInternetC．TheEffectsofChildren’sUsingtheInternetD．WaystoKeepChildrenAwayfromtheInternet參考答案：1．B2．D3．C4．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了開放辦公室的由來以及優(yōu)缺點。1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Visitamedium-orlarge-sizedcompanythesedays,andyou’relikelytofindthestaffmemberssharingalarge,openspace.Insteadofhavingpersonalofficeswithdoorsandwalls,mostworkerssitincubicles(隔間)thatarehalfopen.Wheneverworkerstalkonthephone,othermembersofstaffnearbycan’tsimplyshuttheirdoors.Infact,sometimestheycan’thelpbutoverheareverythingthat’ssaid.(如今，訪問一家大中型公司，你很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)員工共享一個大的、開放的空間。大多數(shù)員工坐在半開著的小隔間里，而不是有門和墻的私人辦公室。每當(dāng)員工打電話時，附近的其他員工不能簡單地關(guān)上門。事實上，有時他們會無意中聽到你所說的一切)”可知，第一段主要講述了開放辦公室的問題。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Calledtheofficelandscape(景觀)plan,theideawascreatedwithagoodattempt—toimprovecommunicationandtheexchangeofideas.(這個被稱為辦公室景觀規(guī)劃的想法是經(jīng)過很好的嘗試而創(chuàng)造出來的——以改善溝通和思想的交流)”可知，辦公室景觀規(guī)劃的最初目的是鼓勵交流。故選D。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Hefoundthat,tostaffinopenoffices,itwashardertostayfocusedandmorelikelytosufferhigherstresslevelsthanthoseworkingintraditionaloffices.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)，與在傳統(tǒng)辦公室工作的員工相比，在開放式辦公室工作的員工更難保持專注，也更有可能承受更高的壓力)”可知，馬修?戴維斯(MatthewDavis)表示，開放式辦公室的員工專注力較低。故選C。4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段上文“businessesprobablywon’treturntotraditionaloffices.Modernofficeworkerstendtoneedbothtimestofocusandtimestoworktogetherwithothers.Sodesigningofficesthataccountforbothneedsmaybethebestwayforward.(但企業(yè)可能不會回到傳統(tǒng)辦公室?，F(xiàn)代的辦公室職員往往既需要時間集中精力，也需要時間與他人合作。因此，設(shè)計accountfor這兩種需求的辦公室可能是最好的方法)”可知，企業(yè)可能不會回到傳統(tǒng)辦公室，那只能設(shè)計兼顧兩種需求的辦公室可能是最好的方法。由此可知，accountfor意為“包括”。故選A。5．A6．C7．B8．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。作者對于一位老師讓學(xué)生用二維碼的方式交作業(yè)，對此闡述了其優(yōu)點及家長們的擔(dān)憂。作者認為沒必要擔(dān)憂，學(xué)生只在交作業(yè)時使用手機或電腦，而老師們卻可以很方便地隨時隨地看作業(yè)。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenstudentsfinishthehomework,theykeepitonWeChat.Then,eachstudentmakeshisownQRcodeandgivesittome.(當(dāng)學(xué)生完成作業(yè)后，他們會把作業(yè)保存在微信上。然后，每個學(xué)生制作自己的二維碼，并把它交給我)”可知，學(xué)生的作業(yè)完成后可以保存在微信。故選A項。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Guo’sstudentslikethenewwayandthinkitisinteresting.(郭的學(xué)生們喜歡這種新方式，認為它很有趣)”可知，郭老師的學(xué)生認為這種交作業(yè)的方法很有趣。故選C項。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,someparentsareworried.Theyareafraidthattheirchildrenwillspendtoomuchtimeoncomputersandlesstimecommunicatingwithteachers.(然而，一些家長卻很擔(dān)心。他們擔(dān)心他們的孩子會花太多時間在電腦上，而較少時間與老師交流)”可知，家長擔(dān)心這樣做會使孩子在電腦上花費時間過多。故選B項。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Mr.GuoisateacherfromXi’an.HeaskedhisstudentstohandintheirhomeworkthroughaQRcode(二維碼).“Wespentanhourortwoinclasslearninghowtogenerate(產(chǎn)生)thecodes,andintheendeverythinggetseasier”saidGao.(郭先生是一位來自西安的老師。他要求學(xué)生通過二維碼上交作業(yè)。他說：‘我們在課堂上花了一兩個小時學(xué)習(xí)如何生成代碼，最后一切都變得容易了’)”及最后一段“Theyonlyusethecodewhentheyhandintheirhomework,whichdoesn’ttakethemtoomuchtime.Alsoforteachers,itallowsthemtochecktheStudents’workatanytime.(他們只在交作業(yè)時使用代碼，這不會占用他們太多時間。對于老師來說，這樣也可以讓他們隨時檢查學(xué)生的作業(yè))”可知，本文主要介紹一位老師創(chuàng)新的交作業(yè)方法，這樣老師們檢查作業(yè)很方便。由此可知，C項內(nèi)容概括文章大意。故選C項。9．A10．D11．C12．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要討論的是孩子在什么時候上網(wǎng)合適。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Nowweliveinatimewhenafamilycouldhavemorethanonecomputer.Itiscommonforchildrentoha