空調水系統(tǒng)和風系統(tǒng)的設計計算案例第1章空調水系統(tǒng)的設計1.1空調水系統(tǒng)分類空調水系統(tǒng)包括冷凍水和冷卻水兩部分，根據(jù)配管形式，水泵配置，調節(jié)方式等的不同，可以設計成各種不同的系統(tǒng)類型，見下表5-1。表5-1空調系統(tǒng)分類表[16]類型特征優(yōu)點缺點開式管路系統(tǒng)與大氣相通。與水蓄冷系統(tǒng)的連接相對簡單。管網(wǎng)設備易腐蝕；需要克服靜水壓力的額外能耗；輸送能耗高。閉式管路系統(tǒng)不與大氣相通不需要客服靜水壓力，水泵揚程低，輸送能耗少。與水蓄冷系統(tǒng)的連接相對復雜。同程式供水與回水管中水的流向相同，管路長度相等。水量分配比較均勻；便于水力平衡。需設回程管道，管路長度增加，壓力損失相應增大，初投資高。異程式供水與回水管中水的流向相反，管路長度不等。不需要回程管道，不增加管道長度；初投資相對降低。當系統(tǒng)較大時水利平衡較困難，應用平衡閥時，不存在該缺點。兩管制供冷與供熱合用同一管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)。管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)簡單，占用空間少；初投資低。無法同時滿足供冷與供熱的要求。1.2空調水系統(tǒng)形式的確定為了讓各回路阻力基本平衡，分配的水量均勻，再聯(lián)系實際常用的空調水系統(tǒng)，我們擬定采用閉式，同程式，兩管制的水系統(tǒng)形式。1.3空調水系統(tǒng)阻力計算空調水在管道內流動時像其他流體一樣會產生壓力損失，這種壓力損失包括沿程阻力損失和局部壓力損失。1.3.1摩擦壓力損失計算（5-1）式中—摩擦壓力損失，Pa；—摩擦阻力系數(shù)；—管道內徑，m;—管道長度，m;—流體在管道內的流速，m/s;—流體的密度，kg/m31.3.2局部壓力損失計算局部壓力損失是由于流體向改變產生渦流及由于流通斷面的變化等原因而造成的能量損失。（5-2）式中—局部壓力損失，pa;—局部阻力系數(shù)。1.3.3水管的選擇可用空調系統(tǒng)的負荷根據(jù)下表來選取。表5-2空調管徑選擇表冷負荷（KW）管徑(mm)Q≤7kw20Q＝7.1～17.6kw25Q＝17.7～100kw32Q＝101～176kw42Q＝177～598kw501.4空調水系統(tǒng)水力計算以三到六層為例進行計算，管段示例圖見下圖5-1，計算結果見下表5-3。圖5-1水系統(tǒng)管段示例圖表5-3三到六層水系統(tǒng)水力計算表最不利環(huán)路阻力(Pa)107876最有利環(huán)路阻力90799樓層內不平衡率15.80%編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率FG114940025696.814.061000.8282.920.63116621413800.00%FG214490024922.84.98801.34295.760.114739015630.00%FG314040024148.84.21801.3278.20.111738512570.00%FG413680023529.610.09801.27264.541.632668131239800.00%FG512780021981.65.45801.19231.890.1126470133423.20%FG612510021517.26.66801.16222.510.114826715490.00%FG711610019969.28.31801.08192.630.116015816590.00%FG810710018421.23.04800.99164.880.1501495510.50%FG99810016873.22.91800.91139.270.1406414470.00%FG108910015325.245.19800.83115.82.52523386060930.40%FG117830013467.66.26651.03221.30.1138653143920.80%FG127470012848.46.8650.98202.120.113744814235.40%FG137020012074.434.48650.92179.363.16185132275080.00%FG146120010526.46.12650.81137.880.1843328760.00%FG155400092884.22650.71108.570.1458254830.20%FG16468008049.62.54501.01295.580.1751518020.00%F22.49500.86214.450.1534375710.00%F83.56500.7146.17000%FG19297005108.43.85500.64123.890.1478214980.00%FG20207003560.44400.75231.10.1925289534.00%FG21117002012.414.09320.58175.494.52472760323226.30%FG2272001238.44.98250.56218.720.110891611051.20%FG232700464.47.03320.37150.4611.610671910460.00%FH114940025696.8201.271000.8282.9210.08166903426201160.00%FH214670025232.44.181000.8180.070.1335333682.70%FH314220024458.44.98801.32285.160.114208715070.00%FH413770023684.413.64801.28267.931.12365491345670.00%FH512870022136.44.15801.19235.063976213731130.00%FH611970020588.43.85801.11204.32070%FH7117000201243.56801.09195.520.1697597560.00%FH810980018885.62.49801.02172.980.1431524820.20%FH910260017647.22.54800.95151.810.1386454310.90%FH109540016408.84.22800.881320.1557395960.00%FH118820015170.46.12800.82113.570.1695337283.10%FH127920013622.434.18651.04226.223.177331683941717.40%FH137470012848.46.8650.98202.120.113744814230.00%FH147110012229.26.26650.94183.810.111524411950.00%FH156030010371.644.77650.79134.033.1600097669760.00%FH16513008823.63.04650.6898.470.1299233220.40%F63.04500.92243.370.1740427820.00%F68.31500.721540.112802613060.80%FH19243004179.66.66500.5384.76020%FH20216003715.25.45400.78250.650.113663113970.00%FH21126002167.29.79320.63201.94.61976901287621.60%FH22900015484.21320.45107.160.1452104627.50%FH23450077410.67250.3590.939.1670236983.40%E12700464.49.88200.37150.4611.6148630805322910.00%E245007745.69250.3590.93951830549310672.70%E345007745.69250.3590.93951830549310670.00%E4900015487.14320.45107.1612.176541209419740.00%E5900015486.41320.45107.16968740899415860.00%E62700464.46.19200.37150.4611932307633169522.70%E772001238.46.37250.56218.729139341405427980.00%E872001238.46.37250.56218.729139341405427980.20%E972001238.46.37250.56218.729139341405427980.90%E1072001238.46.26250.56218.729136841405427730.00%E11900015486.26320.45107.16967140899415703.10%E1245007746.22250.3590.939566305493111517.40%E133600619.26.22200.5257.1511160031357329570.00%66.22320.54150.89993941295422340.00%99320.45107.169.164240909415510.00%E16900015485.87320.45107.16962940899415280.40%87320.45107.16962940899415280.00%87320.45107.16962940899415280.80%E192700464.45.87200.37150.4611882307633164625.20%E20900015485.79320.45107.16962140899415200.00%E213600619.25.67200.5257.15111457313573281421.60%E2245007745.69250.3590.93951730549310667.50%E23450077410.67250.3590.939.197030555315253.40%經計算，最不利環(huán)路總阻力為107878Pa，由以下環(huán)路構成。FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+E17+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH14+FH15+FH16+FH17,三到六層各環(huán)路構成阻力及其最不利環(huán)路的不平衡率計算結果如下表5-4所示。由計算結果可知，各環(huán)路與最不利環(huán)路的壓力損失未超過15%，滿足水力平衡。表5-4一層立管管段水力計算表環(huán)路編號環(huán)路構成總阻力（Pa）不平衡率（%）1FG1+E23+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH14+FH15+FH16+FH17+FH18+FH19+FH20+FH21+FH22+FH2393850132FG1+FG2+E22+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH14+FH15+FH16+FH17+FH18+FH19+FH20+FH21+FH229425612.63FG1+FG2+FG3+E21+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH14+FH15+FH16+FH17+FH18+FH19+FH20+FH219679910.24FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+E20+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH14+FH15+FH16+FH17+FH18+FH19+FH201066091.15FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+E19+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH14+FH15+FH16+FH17+FH18+FH199667210.46FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+E18+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH14+FH15+FH16+FH17+FH181075250.37FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+E17+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH14+FH15+FH16+FH1710787808FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+E16+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH14+FH15+FH161076470.29FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+E15+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH14+FH151077950.0710FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+E14+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH13+FH141075950.311FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+E13+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12+FH1398562912FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+E12+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH11+FH12967201013FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+E11+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH10+FH111052662.414FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+FG14+E10+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH9+FH101066171.115FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+FG14+FG15+E9+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH8+FH91065291.216FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+FG14+FG15+FG16+E8+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH7+FH81069000.917FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+FG14+FG15+FG16+FG17+E7+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6+FH71069890.818FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+FG14+FG15+FG16+FG17+FG18+E6+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH5+FH6956761119FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+FG14+FG15+FG16+FG17+FG18+FG19+E5+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH4+FH51052162.420FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+FG14+FG15+FG16+FG17+FG18+FG19+FG20+E4+FH1+FH2+FH3+FH41034444.121FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+FG14+FG15+FG16+FG17+FG18+FG19+FG20+FG21+E3+FH1+FH2+FH3912021522FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+FG14+FG15+FG16+FG17+FG18+FG19+FG20+FG21+FG22+E2+FH1+FH29080015.823FG1+FG2+FG3+FG4+FG5+FG6+FG7+FG8+FG9+FG10+FG11+FG12+FG13+FG14+FG15+FG16+FG17+FG18+FG19+FG20+FG21+FG22+FG23+E1+FH19270214第六章空調風系統(tǒng)的設計第2章空調風系統(tǒng)的設計2.1風管內的損失計算2.1.1風管內的摩擦壓力損失計算（6-1）式中—單位長度摩擦壓力損失，Pa/m;—摩擦阻力系數(shù)；—風管的水力半徑，m;圓形風管：，D為風管直徑，m;矩形風管：，a,b為矩形風管的邊長，m;—流體在管道內的流速，m/s;—流體的密度，kg/m3[17]2.1.2風管內的局部壓力損失計算（6-2）—局部壓力損失，pa;設計時應使支管與直觀的流速盡量接近。2.2空調風系統(tǒng)的水力計算以第一層右空調區(qū)域的房間進行計算，風管編號示意圖見下圖6-1，由于新風管道系統(tǒng)為通常系統(tǒng)，各分支環(huán)路之間比較容易平衡，若出現(xiàn)不平衡率較高可通過調節(jié)管道斷面尺寸，風速以及加設閥門等方法進行平衡。各管段阻力計算結果見下表6-1。經過計算，最不利環(huán)路總阻力為76.57Pa，由1-2-3-4-5-6-7-9構成。圖6-1一層右區(qū)域風管示意圖表6-1風管水力計算表編號G(m^3/h)L(m)形狀D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)13403.22.76矩形6303204.691.6511.9718.6222105.40.5矩形4003204.570.350.240.5931856.973.37矩形4003204.031.8801.8841811.886.85矩形3203204.926.320.676.995341.460.18矩形1601204.940.491.892.376341.468.