1.施工詳圖的繪制方法

Howtodrawconstructiondetails12施工詳圖繪制的基本知識(shí)Basicknowledgeofconstructiondetailing鋼結(jié)構(gòu)詳圖的標(biāo)注方法Annotationmethodofsteelstructuredetail3鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工詳圖的繪制方法Drawingmethodofsteelstructureconstructiondetail

鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工詳圖圖面圖形所用的圖線、字體、比例、符號(hào)、定位軸線、圖樣畫法、尺寸標(biāo)注及常用建筑材料圖例等均按照以下現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等有關(guān)規(guī)定采用。

Thelines,fonts,proportions,symbols,positioningaxes,drawingmethods,dimensionsandcommonbuildingmateriallegendsusedinthedetaileddrawingsofsteelstructureconstructionsurfacesareadoptedinaccordancewiththefollowingcurrentnationalstandardsandotherrelevantregulations.一施工詳圖繪制的基本知識(shí)First

Basicknowledgeofconstructiondetailing（一）鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工詳圖繪制的基本規(guī)定Basicprovisionsforthedrawingofsteelstructureconstructiondetails1.圖紙幅面：A1，A2為主Drawingsize:A1,A2mainly2.比例：根據(jù)圖形用途和復(fù)雜程度選用。Scale:Chooseaccordingtothepurposeandcomplexityofthegraphic3.字體：仿宋體Font:ImitationSongscript4.圖面線型：粗實(shí)線、粗虛線、粗點(diǎn)劃線、中實(shí)線、中虛線、細(xì)點(diǎn)劃線、折斷線、波浪線Surfacetype:thicksolidline,thickdashedline,thickdottedline,mediumsolidline,mediumdashedline,thindottedline,brokenline,wavyline一施工詳圖繪制的基本知識(shí)First

Basicknowledgeofconstructiondetailing（一）鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工詳圖繪制的基本規(guī)定：Basicprovisionsforthedrawingofsteelstructureconstructiondetails5.尺寸標(biāo)注及標(biāo)高：Dimensionsandelevations

構(gòu)件的尺寸線一般為三道，由內(nèi)向外依次為:加工尺寸線、裝配尺寸線、安裝尺寸線。

Thesizelineofthecomponentisgenerallythree,frominsidetooutside:processingsizeline,assemblysizeline,installationsizeline.一施工詳圖繪制的基本知識(shí)First

Basicknowledgeofconstructiondetailing名稱概念及表示方法圖例剖切符號(hào)Cutsymbols施工圖中剖視的剖切符號(hào)用粗實(shí)線表示，它由剖切位置線和投射方向線組成。Thesectionsymbolofthesectionviewintheconstructiondrawingisrepresentedbyathicksolidline,whichconsistsofasectionlocationlineandaprojectiondirectionline索引符號(hào)Indexsymbol布置圖或構(gòu)件圖中某一局部或構(gòu)件間的連接構(gòu)造，需放大繪制詳圖或其詳圖需見另外的圖紙時(shí)，可用索引符號(hào)、詳圖符號(hào)Whentheconnectionstructurebetweenacertainpartorcomponentinthelayoutdrawingorcomponentdrawing,andthedetaileddrawingneedstobeenlargedorthedetaileddrawingneedstobeseeninanotherdrawing,theindexsymbolanddetailsymbolcanbeused（一）鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工詳圖繪制的基本規(guī)定：Basicprovisionsforthedrawingofsteelstructureconstructiondetails一施工詳圖繪制的基本知識(shí)First

Basicknowledgeofconstructiondetailing名稱概念及表示方法圖例對(duì)稱符號(hào)Symmetrysymbol施工圖中的對(duì)稱符號(hào)由對(duì)稱線和兩端的兩對(duì)平行線組成。對(duì)稱線用細(xì)點(diǎn)劃線表示。對(duì)稱符號(hào)應(yīng)跨越整個(gè)圖形Thesymmetrysymbolinaconstructiondrawingconsistsofasymmetrylineandtwopairsofparallellinesateachend.Symmetrylinesarerepresentedbythindottedlines.Thesymmetrysymbolshouldspantheentiregraph連接符號(hào)Connectionsymbol當(dāng)所繪制構(gòu)件圖與另一構(gòu)件圖形僅一部分不相同時(shí)，可只繪制不同的部分而以連接符號(hào)表示與另一構(gòu)件相同部分連接。用折斷線表示W(wǎng)henthedrawncomponentdiagramisdifferentfromonlyonepartofanothercomponentdrawing,youcandrawonlydifferentpartsandconnectwiththesamepartofanothercomponentwithaconnectionsymbol.Indicatedbyabrokenline（一）鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工詳圖繪制的基本規(guī)定：Basicprovisionsforthedrawingofsteelstructureconstructiondetails一施工詳圖繪制的基本知識(shí)First

Basicknowledgeofconstructiondetailing（一）型鋼標(biāo)注方法Sectionsteelmarkingmethod二鋼結(jié)構(gòu)詳圖的標(biāo)注方法

SecondMarkingmethodofsteelstructuredetail（二）螺栓及螺栓孔的表示方法Representationofboltsandboltholes螺栓規(guī)格一律以公稱直徑標(biāo)注，如以直徑20mm為例，圖面標(biāo)注為M20，其孔徑應(yīng)標(biāo)為d=21.5mmThespecificationsofboltsarealwaysmarkedwiththenominaldiameter,suchastakingthediameterof20mmasanexample,thedrawingsurfaceismarkedasM20,anditsapertureshouldbemarkedasd=21.5mm二鋼結(jié)構(gòu)詳圖的標(biāo)注方法

SecondMarkingmethodofsteelstructuredetail（三）焊縫符號(hào)表示方法Howtheweldsymbolisnotated二鋼結(jié)構(gòu)詳圖的標(biāo)注方法

SecondMarkingmethodofsteelstructuredetail部分常用焊縫符號(hào)Somecommonlyusedweldsymbols（三）焊縫符號(hào)表示方法Howtheweldsymbolisnotated若焊縫處在接頭的箭頭側(cè)，則基本符號(hào)標(biāo)注在基準(zhǔn)線的實(shí)線側(cè)；Iftheweldisonthearrowsideofthejoint,thebasicsymbolismarkedonthesolidsideofthereferenceline若焊縫處在接頭的非箭頭側(cè)，則基本符號(hào)標(biāo)注在基準(zhǔn)線的虛線側(cè)。Iftheweldisonthenon-arrowsideofthejoint,thebasicsymbolismarkedonthedashedsideofthereferenceline.當(dāng)為雙面對(duì)稱焊縫時(shí)，基準(zhǔn)線可不加虛線。Whenitisadouble-sidedsymmetricalweld,thereferencelinecanbeleftundashed.二鋼結(jié)構(gòu)詳圖的標(biāo)注方法

SecondMarkingmethodofsteelstructuredetail1.引出線:由帶有箭頭的指引線和兩條基準(zhǔn)線（一條為實(shí)線，另一條為虛線）組成，虛線可在上側(cè)或者下側(cè)。Leaderline:Consistsofaleaderlinewithanarrowandtworeferencelines(onesolidandtheotherdashed),whichcanbeontheupperorlowerside.2.在同一圖形上，當(dāng)焊縫形式、剖面尺寸和輔助尺寸均相同時(shí)，可只選擇一處標(biāo)注代號(hào)，并加注“相同焊縫符號(hào)”，符號(hào)必須畫在鈍角外突一側(cè)。在同一圖形中，當(dāng)有數(shù)種相同焊縫，可將焊縫分類編號(hào)，標(biāo)注在尾部符號(hào)內(nèi)，編號(hào)采用A、B、C……表示Onthesamedrawing,whentheweldform,sectionsizeandauxiliarydimensionsarethesame,onlyonecodecanbeselectedandthe"sameweldsymbol"canbeadded,andthesymbolmustbedrawnonthesideoftheobtuseprotrusion.Inthesamedrawing,whenthereareseveralidenticalwelds,theweldclassificationnumbercanbemarkedinthetailsymbol,andthenumberisA,B,C...denote二鋼結(jié)構(gòu)詳圖的標(biāo)注方法

SecondMarkingmethodofsteelstructuredetail（三）焊縫符號(hào)表示方法Howtheweldsymbolisnotated3.熔透角焊縫的符號(hào)為涂黑的圓圈，畫在引出線的轉(zhuǎn)折處。Thesymbolofthepenetratingfilletweldisablackenedcircle,drawnattheturnoftheleadline.4.圖形中較長(zhǎng)的角焊縫，可不用引出線標(biāo)注，而直接在角焊縫旁標(biāo)注焊縫尺寸值KForlongerfilletweldsinthedrawing,theweldsizevalueKcanbemarkeddirectlynexttothefilletweldwithouttheleadlinelabel二鋼結(jié)構(gòu)詳圖的標(biāo)注方法

SecondMarkingmethodofsteelstructuredetail（三）焊縫符號(hào)表示方法Howtheweldsymbolisnotated三鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工詳圖的繪制方法

ThirdDrawingmethodofsteelstructureconstructiondetails

布置圖的繪制方法Themethodofdrawingthelayoutdrawing繪制結(jié)構(gòu)的平面、立面布置圖，構(gòu)件以粗實(shí)線或簡(jiǎn)單外形圖表示，并在其旁側(cè)注明標(biāo)號(hào)Drawtheplanandelevationlayoutofthestructure,andthecomponentsarerepresentedbythicksolidlinesorsimpleoutlinedrawings,andthedesignatorsaremarkednexttothem構(gòu)件編號(hào)一般應(yīng)標(biāo)注平面圖和剖面圖上，在一張圖上同一構(gòu)件編號(hào)不宜在不同圖形中重復(fù)表示。Thecomponentnumbershouldgenerallybemarkedontheplanandsectionview,andthesamecomponentnumbershouldnotberepeatedlyrepresentedindifferentdrawingsononedrawing.同一張布置圖中，只有當(dāng)構(gòu)件截面、構(gòu)造樣式和施工要求完全一樣時(shí)才能編同一個(gè)號(hào)Inthesamelayoutdrawing,thesamenumbercanonlybeassignedifthecomponentsection,constructionstyleandconstructionrequirementsareexactlythesame一般可用1:100或1:200的比例，每一構(gòu)件均應(yīng)與軸線有定位的關(guān)系尺寸Generally,aratioof1:100or1:200canbeused,andeachcomponentshouldhaveapositioningrelationshipsizewiththeaxis根據(jù)施工的需要，對(duì)于安裝時(shí)有附加要求的地方及主要的安裝拼接接頭的地方宜選取節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行繪制。Accordingtotheneedsofconstruction,forplaceswithadditionalrequirementsduringinstallationandthemaininstallationofsplicingjoints,itisadvisabletoselectnodesfordrawing1.構(gòu)件圖以粗實(shí)線繪制，構(gòu)件詳圖應(yīng)按布置圖上的構(gòu)件編號(hào)按類別依次繪制成。Componentdrawingsaredrawnwiththicksolidlines,andcomponentdetailsshouldbedrawnsequentiallybycategorybycomponentnumberonthearrangementdrawing2.構(gòu)件圖形一般應(yīng)選用合適的比例繪制，常采用的比例有l(wèi):20、1:15、1:50等。Componentgraphicsshouldgenerallybedrawnatanappropriatescale,andtheproportionsoftenusedarel:20,1:15,1:50,etc3.構(gòu)件中每一零件均應(yīng)編零件號(hào)，編號(hào)應(yīng)盡量先編主要零件，再編次要、較小構(gòu)件，相反零件可用相同編號(hào)，但在材料表內(nèi)的正反欄內(nèi)注明。Eachpartinthecomponentshouldbenumbered,andthenumbershouldbenumberedasmuchaspossibletothemainpartfirst,andthenthesecondaryandsmallercomponents,onthecontrary,thepartcanbenumberedthesame,butitisindicatedinthefrontandbackcolumnsinthematerialtable.構(gòu)件圖的繪制方法Themethodofdrawingthecomponentdiagram三鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工詳圖的繪制方法

ThirdDrawingmethodofsteelstructureconstructiondetails三鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工詳圖的繪制方法

ThirdDrawingmethodofsteelstructureconstructiondetails4.圖中尺寸以“mm”為單位。Thedimensionsinthefigurearein"mm".5.構(gòu)件詳圖中，對(duì)較復(fù)雜的零件，在各個(gè)投影面上均不能表示其細(xì)部尺寸時(shí)，應(yīng)繪制該零件的大樣圖。Incomponentdetailing,whenthedetaileddimensionsofamorecomplexpartcannotberepresentedoneachprojectionsurface,alargesampleofthepartshouldbedrawn.6.構(gòu)件間以節(jié)點(diǎn)板相連時(shí)，應(yīng)在節(jié)點(diǎn)板連接孔中心線上注明斜度及相連的構(gòu)件號(hào)。Whenthecomponentsareconnectedbygussetplates,theslopeandtheconnectedmembernumbershouldbeindicatedonthecenterlineofthegussetplateconnectinghole.7.一般情況下，一個(gè)構(gòu)件應(yīng)單獨(dú)畫在一張圖紙上。Ingeneral,acomponentshouldbedrawnseparatelyonasingledrawing.構(gòu)件圖的繪制方法Themethodofdrawingthecomponentdiagram2.鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)

Jointdesignofsteelstructure

第一：節(jié)點(diǎn)的作用First:theroleofnodes第二：節(jié)點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)要求Second:thedesignrequirementsofthenode第三：節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)的具體內(nèi)容Third:thespecificcontentofnodedesign鋼結(jié)構(gòu)是由若干構(gòu)件連接而成，鋼構(gòu)件又是由若干型鋼或零件連接而成。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的連接有焊縫連接、鉚釘連接和螺栓連接，連接部位統(tǒng)稱為節(jié)點(diǎn)。Thesteelstructureiscomposedofseveralcomponentsconnected,andthesteelcomponentsareconnectedbyseveralsectionsorparts.Theconnectionofsteelstructurehasweldconnection,rivetconnectionandboltconnection,andtheconnectionpartiscollectivelyreferredtoasthenode.鋼結(jié)構(gòu)steelstructure鋼構(gòu)件Steelmembers若干型鋼或零件Severalsectionsorparts通過(guò)焊接、螺栓連接或鉚接Bywelding,boltingorriveting組成compose連接部位統(tǒng)稱為節(jié)點(diǎn)Theconnectionpartsarecollectivelyreferredtoasnodes

合理的節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的安全度、制作安裝、工程進(jìn)度、用鋼量指標(biāo)以及工程造價(jià)都有直接的影響。Reasonablenodedesignhasadirectimpactonthesafetyofsteelstructure,productionandinstallation,projectprogress,steelconsumptionindexandprojectcost.一、節(jié)點(diǎn)的作用

FirstTheroleofthenode2傳遞荷載Transferloads1連接匯交桿件Connectthejunctionmembers

二、節(jié)點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)要求

First

Designrequirementsforthenode

2保證匯交桿件交于一點(diǎn)，不產(chǎn)生附加彎矩Ensurethattheintersectionmemberisdeliveredatonepointwithoutadditionalbendingmoments3構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單，制作簡(jiǎn)便，安裝方便Simplestructure,simpleproduction,easyinstallation4耗鋼量少，造價(jià)低廉，造型美觀Lesssteelconsumption,lowcost,beautifulshape1受力合理、傳力明確，務(wù)必使節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)造與所采用的計(jì)算假定盡量符合，使節(jié)點(diǎn)安全可靠Theforceisreasonableandtheforcetransmissionisclear,andthenodestructuremustbeconsistentwiththecalculationassumptionsusedasmuchaspossibletomakethenodesafeandreliable焊接連接Solderedconnections焊條的選用應(yīng)該與被連接金屬材質(zhì)適應(yīng)：Thechoiceofweldingrodshouldbeadaptedtothemetalmaterialtobejoined

E43——Q235E50——Q345E55——Q390和Q420當(dāng)不同的兩種鋼材連接時(shí)，宜采用與低強(qiáng)度鋼材相適應(yīng)的焊條！Whendifferenttwosteelsareconnected,itisadvisabletouseweldingrodsthatarecompatiblewithlow-strengthsteels!對(duì)接焊縫分為焊透焊縫和非焊透焊縫，其中焊透焊縫特點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)度高，受力性能好，用于承受動(dòng)力荷載作用的焊接結(jié)構(gòu)，尤為有利Buttweldsaredividedintothrough-weldandnon-through-weldseams,ofwhichthrough-weldcharacteristicsare:highstrength,goodforceperformance,andweldedstructuresthatareusedtowithstanddynamicloads,whichareparticularlybeneficial三、節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)的具體內(nèi)容Third

Thespecificsofthenodedesign角焊縫Filletwelds對(duì)接焊縫Buttwelds焊接weld對(duì)焊接連接的構(gòu)造要求：Constructionrequirementsforweldedconnections:1.焊縫的布置盡量對(duì)稱于構(gòu)件或節(jié)點(diǎn)板截面中和軸，避免連接偏心受力；Thearrangementoftheweldisassymmetricalaspossibletothecomponentorgussetplatesectionandtheaxistoavoidtheeccentricforceoftheconnection;2.焊縫長(zhǎng)度和焊腳尺寸應(yīng)由計(jì)算及適當(dāng)?shù)挠嗔看_定，不得任意加大加厚焊縫；Thelengthoftheweldandthesizeoftheweldfootshallbedeterminedbycalculationandappropriatemargin,andtheweldshallnotbearbitrarilyincreasedandthickened;對(duì)焊接連接的構(gòu)造要求：3.為便于焊接操作，盡量選用俯焊、平焊或橫焊的焊接位置，并有合理的施焊空間；Inordertofacilitateweldingoperations,trytochoosetheweldingpositionofpitchwelding,flatweldingorhorizontalwelding,andthereisareasonableweldingspace;4.選用的焊接材料的材質(zhì)應(yīng)與主體金屬相適應(yīng)；Thematerialoftheweldingmaterialselectedshouldbecompatiblewiththebodymetal5.其他構(gòu)造要求符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。Otherconstructionrequirementsmeetthedesignrequirements.2.螺栓連接Boltedconnection

螺栓連接Boltedconnection普通螺栓一般分為A、B、C三級(jí)，A、B為精制螺栓，C為粗制螺栓。普通螺栓連接一般采用C級(jí)螺栓，其螺栓連接的制孔應(yīng)采用鉆孔Ordinaryboltsaregenerallydividedintothreelevels:A,B,C,A,Barerefinedbolts,Cisroughbolts.OrdinaryboltedconnectionsgenerallyuseC-classbolts,andtheholesfortheirboltedconnectionsshouldbedrilled普通螺栓抗剪性能差，不宜用于重要的抗剪連接結(jié)構(gòu)中。對(duì)有防松要求的普通螺栓連接，應(yīng)采用彈簧墊圈或雙螺帽以防止松動(dòng)Ordinaryboltshavepoorshearresistanceandarenotsuitableforimportantshearconnectionstructures.Forordinaryboltedconnectionswithanti-looseningrequirements,springwashersordoublenutsshouldbeusedtopreventloosening高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接High-strengthboltedconnection普通螺栓連接Normalboltedconnection高強(qiáng)度螺栓的使用日益廣泛，常用8.8S和10.9S兩個(gè)強(qiáng)度等級(jí)。高強(qiáng)度螺栓最小規(guī)格為Ml2，常用的高強(qiáng)度螺栓為M16-M30。超大規(guī)格的螺栓性能不穩(wěn)定，設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)慎重使用。在栓焊共用的節(jié)點(diǎn)中，對(duì)高強(qiáng)度螺栓臨近焊縫的節(jié)點(diǎn)連接，應(yīng)當(dāng)用先擰后焊的工序，并且高強(qiáng)度螺栓的承載力應(yīng)降低10%考慮。Theuseofhigh-strengthboltsisbecomingmoreandmoreextensive,andtwostrengthgradesof8.8Sand10.9Sarecommonlyused.Theminimumspecificationofhigh-strengthboltsisMl2,andthecommonlyusedhigh-strengthboltsareM16-M30.Theperformanceofoversizedboltsisunstableandshouldbeusedcautiouslyindesign.Inthenodessharedbyboltwelding,thejointconnectionofhigh-strengthboltsneartheweldshouldbescrewedfirstandthenwelded,andthebearingcapacityofhigh-strengthboltsshouldbereducedby10%.3.連接板Connecttheplate連接板起著桿件或構(gòu)件間保證可靠傳力的重要作用。Theconnectingplateplaysanimportantroleinensuringreliableforcetransmissionbetweenmembersorcomponents其構(gòu)造原則應(yīng)符合:傳力直接，中心交匯，外形應(yīng)力求簡(jiǎn)單；不應(yīng)有凹角，以免產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力集中；連接布置不應(yīng)或盡量少產(chǎn)生附加偏心或焊接應(yīng)力等要求。Itsconstructionprinciplesshouldconformto:directforcetransmission,centerintersection,andsimpleshape;Thereshouldbenoconcavecornerstoavoidstressconcentration;Theconnectionarrangementshouldnotorminimizetherequirementsofadditionaleccentricityorweldingstress.梁腹板應(yīng)驗(yàn)算栓孔處腹板的凈截面抗剪。承壓型高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接還須驗(yàn)算孔壁局部承壓Thebeamwebshouldbemeasuredforthenetcross-sectionalshearresistanceofthewebatthebolthole。Pressure-bearinghigh-strengthboltedconnectionsmustalsoverifythelocalpressureoftheholewall.4.梁腹板Beamweb梁腹板Beamweb梁腹板螺栓孔Beamwebboltholes5.其他要求Otherrequirements節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)必須考慮安裝螺栓、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)焊接等的施工空間及構(gòu)件吊裝順序等。此外，還應(yīng)盡可能使工人能方便地進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)定位與臨時(shí)固定。Thejointdesignmustconsidertheconstructionspaceandcomponentliftingsequenceofinstallationbolts,on-sitewelding,etc.Inaddition,on-sitepositioningandtemporaryfixationshouldbemadeaseasyaspossibleforworkers.節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)還應(yīng)考慮制造廠的工藝水平，比如鋼管連接節(jié)點(diǎn)的相貫線的切口需要數(shù)控機(jī)床等設(shè)備才能完成等Thejointdesignshouldalsoconsidertheprocesslevelofthemanufacturingplant,suchasthecutoftheintersectionlineofthesteelpipeconnectingthenodeneedsCNCmachinetoolsandotherequipmenttocomplete.3.鋼屋架的節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)

Jointdesignofsteelrooftruss第一：鋼屋架節(jié)點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟First:thedesignstepsofsteelrooftrussjoints第二：弦桿拼接節(jié)點(diǎn)Second:chordsplicingnodes第三：支座節(jié)點(diǎn)Third:supportnodes鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的節(jié)點(diǎn)隨結(jié)構(gòu)形式的不同而不同。本節(jié)僅對(duì)普通鋼屋架的節(jié)點(diǎn)計(jì)算方法及構(gòu)造作一些簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。Thejointsofthesteelstructurevarywiththedifferentformsofthestructure.Thissectiononlygivessomebriefintroductiontothejointcalculationmethodandstructureofordinarysteelrooftrusses.

一、鋼屋架節(jié)點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟

First:thedesignstepsofsteelrooftrussjoints

（1）根據(jù)腹桿截面和內(nèi)力確定連接焊縫的焊腳尺寸和長(zhǎng)度；Determinethesizeandlengthoftheweldjointsconnectingtheweldaccordingtothestudsectionandinternalforces（2）根據(jù)焊縫的長(zhǎng)度和施工的誤差確定節(jié)點(diǎn)板的形狀和尺寸；Determinetheshapeandsizeofthegussetplateaccordingtothelengthoftheweldandtheerrorofconstruction（3）結(jié)合屋架施工圖繪制進(jìn)行。Combinedwiththedrawingofrooftrussconstructiondrawings.二、弦桿拼接節(jié)點(diǎn)

Second:chordsplicingnodes

弦桿拼接節(jié)點(diǎn)Chordsplicingnodes工地拼接

Sitesplicing工廠拼接Factorysplicing（1）工廠拼接：為了型鋼接長(zhǎng)而設(shè)的桿件接頭，拼接點(diǎn)常設(shè)于內(nèi)力較小的節(jié)間內(nèi)。Factorysplicing:memberjointssetupforsectionsteeljoints,andthesplicingpointsarefixedintheinternodeswithlessinternalforce（2）工地拼接：由于運(yùn)輸條件限制而設(shè)的安裝接頭，拼接點(diǎn)通常設(shè)在屋脊節(jié)點(diǎn)和下弦跨中節(jié)點(diǎn)處。Sitesplicing:Duetotherestrictionsoftransportationconditions,thesplicingpointisusuallylocatedattheridgenodeandthelowerchordspanmiddlenode.屋脊節(jié)點(diǎn)Roofnodes下弦跨中節(jié)點(diǎn)Lowerchordspanmiddlenode大家可以看下圖中的上圖就是鋼屋架的上弦拼接節(jié)點(diǎn)，設(shè)在屋脊處；再看圖中的下圖是下弦拼接節(jié)點(diǎn)，一般設(shè)置在跨中節(jié)點(diǎn)處。Youcanseethattheabovepictureinthefigurebelowisthewindingsplicingnodeofthesteelrooftruss,whichislocatedattheridge;Lookingatthefigurebelow,thefollowingfigureisthelowerchordsplicingnode,whichisgenerallysetatthecross-middlenode.弦桿采用拼接角鋼拼接。拼接角鋼采用的規(guī)格一般與弦桿相同(當(dāng)弦桿截面改變時(shí)，與較小截面弦桿相同)。在施工中，為了使拼接角鋼能貼緊被連接的弦桿和便于施焊，需要截去拼接角鋼的外棱角，并把豎向肢切去mm(其中t是拼接角鋼肢厚，h是角焊縫焊腳尺寸，5mm是為避開弦桿角鋼肢尖的圓角而考慮的切割余量)。拼接時(shí)為正確定位和便于施焊，須設(shè)置臨時(shí)性的安裝螺栓。Thechordissplicedwithsplicedanglesteel.Thespecificationsusedforsplicinganglesteelaregenerallythesameasthechord(thesameasthesmallersectionchordwhenthechordsectionchanges).Inconstruction,inordertomakethesplicinganglesteelfittheconnectedchordandfacilitatewelding,itisnecessarytocutofftheouteredgesandcornersofthesplicedanglesteelandcutofftheverticallimbmm(wheretisthesplicinganglesteellimbthickness,histhefilletweldfootsize,5mmisacuttingallowancetoavoidtheroundedcornersofthesteeltipofthechordangle).Inordertocorrectlypositionandfacilitateweldingduringsplicing,temporarymountingboltsmustbeinstalled

三、支座節(jié)點(diǎn)

Third:supportnodes

加勁肋Stiffeners節(jié)點(diǎn)板Gussetplates錨栓Anchors支座底板Supportbaseplate支座節(jié)點(diǎn)Supportnode加勁肋Stiffeners加勁肋的作用是加強(qiáng)底板的剛度，以便較為均勻地傳遞支座反力并提高節(jié)點(diǎn)板的側(cè)向剛度。加勁肋應(yīng)設(shè)在支座節(jié)點(diǎn)的中心處，加勁肋高度由節(jié)點(diǎn)板尺寸確定，加勁肋厚度取與節(jié)點(diǎn)板相同。肋板底端應(yīng)切角以避免3條互相垂直的角焊縫交于一點(diǎn)。Thefunctionofstiffenersistostrengthenthestiffnessofthebaseplateinordertotransmitthesupportreactionforcemoreevenlyandimprovethelateralstiffnessofthegussetplate.Thestiffenershouldbelocatedinthecenterofthesupportnode,theheightofthestiffenerisdeterminedbythesizeofthegussetplate,andthestiffenerthicknessshouldbethesameasthegussetplate.Thebottomendoftheribplateshouldbecuttoavoid3filletweldsperpendiculartoeachotheratonepoint.2.錨栓Anchors錨栓錨栓預(yù)埋于柱中，其直徑一般取20～25mm。為了便于安裝屋架時(shí)能夠調(diào)整位置，底板上的錨栓孔直徑應(yīng)為錨栓直徑的2～2.5倍。屋架安裝完畢后，在錨栓上套上墊圈，并與底板焊牢以固定屋架，墊圈的孔徑比錨栓直徑大1～2mm。Theanchorisembeddedinthecolumn,anditsdiameterisgenerally20~25mm。Inordertofacilitatethepositiontobeadjustedwheninstallingrooftrusses,thediameteroftheanchorholeonthebottomplateshouldbe2~2.5timesoftheanchordiameter。Aftertherooftrussisinstalled,putawasherontheanchor,andwelditfirmlywiththebottomplatetofixtherooftruss,andtheholediameterofthewasheris1~2mmlargerthanthediameteroftheanchor.3.支座節(jié)點(diǎn)的傳力路徑Theforcetransmissionpathofthesupportnode屋架桿件的內(nèi)力通過(guò)連接焊縫傳給節(jié)點(diǎn)板，然后經(jīng)節(jié)點(diǎn)板和加勁肋把力傳給底板，最后傳給柱子。Theinternalforceoftherooftrussmemberistransmittedtothegussetplatethroughtheconnectingweld,thentothebaseplatethroughthegussetplateandstiffeners,andfinallytothecolumn.4.支座節(jié)點(diǎn)

Supportnode第一：壓力支座節(jié)點(diǎn)First:pressuresupportnode第二：拉力支座節(jié)點(diǎn)Second:tensilesupportnode鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中的支座節(jié)點(diǎn)一般采用鉸節(jié)點(diǎn)，盡量采用傳力可靠、連接簡(jiǎn)單的構(gòu)造形式。Thesupportnodesinthesteelstructuregenerallyadopthingenodes,andtrytoadoptthestructuralformofreliableforcetransmissionandsimpleconnection.

一、壓力支座節(jié)點(diǎn)

First:pressuresupportnode

常用的壓力支座節(jié)點(diǎn)有以下幾種構(gòu)造形式：Commonlyusedpressuresupportnodeshavethefollowingconstructionforms1.平板支座節(jié)點(diǎn)：通過(guò)十字節(jié)點(diǎn)板和底板將支座反力傳給下部結(jié)構(gòu)。Platesupportnodes:Thesupportreactionforceistransmittedtothesubstructurethroughthecrossgussetplateandthebaseplate.優(yōu)點(diǎn)：節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單，加工方便，用鋼量省。Advantages:simplenodestructure,convenientprocessing,andeconomicalamountofsteel.缺點(diǎn)：節(jié)點(diǎn)處不能轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，受力后會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的彎矩，與計(jì)算假定相差較大，可用于較小跨度的網(wǎng)架中。Disadvantages:Thenodecannotrotate,andacertainbendingmomentwilloccuraftertheforce,whichisdifferentfromthecalculationassumptionandcanbeusedinthegridframewithasmallerspan.焊接空心球壓力支座Weldhollowballpressuresupports焊接鋼板壓力支座Weldedsteelplatepressuresupport柱頭上的預(yù)埋螺栓僅起定位作用，安裝就位后應(yīng)將底板與下部支承面板焊牢Theembeddedboltsonthecolumnheadonlyplayapositioningrole,andthebottomplateshouldbeweldedfirmlytothelowersupportpanelafterinstallationinplace2.單面弧形壓力支座節(jié)點(diǎn)Single-sidedarcpressuresupportnode在平板壓力支座的基礎(chǔ)上，在節(jié)點(diǎn)底板和下部支承面板間設(shè)一弧形墊塊而成。適用于中、小跨度網(wǎng)架。Onthebasisoftheplatepressuresupport,anarc-shapedpadisprovidedbetweenthenodebottomplateandthelowersupportpanel.Suitableformediumandsmallspangrids.這種支座節(jié)點(diǎn)在壓力的作用下，支座底板沿墊塊弧面可以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，下部支承面板上的壓力比較均勻，但摩擦力仍然較大。為了保證支座節(jié)點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，柱頭上預(yù)埋螺栓應(yīng)設(shè)在弧形墊塊中心線上，支座底板上的螺栓孔可做成橢圓形，使支座節(jié)點(diǎn)有微量的平移。Undertheactionofpressure,thesupportbottomplatecanrotatealongthearcsurfaceofthepad,andthepressureonthelowersupportpanelisrelativelyuniform,butthefrictionisstilllarge.Inordertoensuretherotationofthesupportnode,theembeddedboltonthecolumnheadshouldbesetonthecenterlineofthearcwasher,andtheboltholeonthesupportbottomplatecanbemadeintoanovalshape,sothatthesupportnodehasasmallamountoftranslation.3.雙面弧形壓力支座節(jié)點(diǎn)（搖擺支座節(jié)點(diǎn)）Double-sidedarcpressuresupportnode(swingsupportnode)

當(dāng)網(wǎng)架的跨度較大、溫度應(yīng)力影響顯著、周邊約束較強(qiáng)時(shí)，需要選擇一種既能自由伸縮又能自由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的支座節(jié)點(diǎn)形式。Whenthespanofthegridframeislarge,theinfluenceoftemperaturestressissignificant,andtheperipheralconstraintisstrong,itisnecessarytochooseasupportnodeformthatcanbothfreelyexpandandrotate.缺點(diǎn)：節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜，施工麻煩、造價(jià)較高。對(duì)抗震不利，在我國(guó)應(yīng)用較少。Disadvantages:Thenodestructureiscomplex,theconstructionistroublesome,andthecostishigh.ItisnotgoodforearthquakeresistanceandislessusedinChina.3.雙面弧形壓力支座節(jié)點(diǎn)（搖擺支座節(jié)點(diǎn)）Double-sidedarcpressuresupportnode(swingsupportnode)構(gòu)造：在支座底板和柱頂面板間設(shè)一塊上下均為弧形的鑄鋼板，然后用螺栓將支座上、下支承托板和雙面弧形鑄鋼板三者練成整體。支座上、下支承板開有橢圓孔，使支座節(jié)點(diǎn)在荷載和溫度變化的作用下既可以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)又可以作一定的側(cè)移。Structure:Acaststeelplatewitharc-shapedupperandlowerlevelsissetbetweenthesupportbottomplateandthecolumntoppanel,andthentheupperandlowersupportplatesandthedouble-sidedarccaststeelplatearetrainedintoawholebybolts.Theupperandlowerbearingplatesofthesupportareopenedwithellipticalholes,sothatthesupportnodescanrotateandmakecertainlateralshiftsundertheactionofloadandtemperaturechanges.4.球鉸壓力支座節(jié)點(diǎn)Ballhingepressuresupportnode

對(duì)于多支點(diǎn)大跨度網(wǎng)架，為了能使支座節(jié)點(diǎn)適應(yīng)各個(gè)方向的自由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，需使支座與柱頂鉸接而不產(chǎn)生彎矩，常做成球鉸壓力支座。Forthemulti-fulcrumlong-spangrid,inordertoadaptthesupportnodetothefreerotationinalldirections,itisnecessarytohingethesupportwiththetopofthecolumnwithoutgeneratingbendingmoment,anditisoftenmadeintoaballhingepressuresupport.構(gòu)造：由