保密★啟用前高一英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Howwillthespeakersfindtheirway?A.Withamap. B.Throughsigns. C.Byphone.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Myphonehasrunoutofbattery,andthere’snosignaround.Ican’tcheckwhereweare.W:Don’tworry.I’vebroughtamapofthearea,andIhaveagoodideawhereweare.2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whyisthewomanwaiting?A.Tosellsomething. B.Totakeanexam. C.Tobeinterviewed.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:AreyouwaitingforMr.Edgaraswell?M:Yes,forthesalesjobinterview.Isthatwhyyou’rehere?W:Yes.I’manxiousaboutit.It’sabitlikewaitingforanexamtostart.3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whenwillthedinnerbeserved?A.At5:30p.m. B.At6:00p.m. C.At8:00p.m.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Don’tgoout.Thedinnerwillbereadyinhalfanhour.W:It’sonly5:30p.m.Whyarewehavingitsoearly?M:Yourcousin’scomingat8:00p.m.andwedon’twanttobeeatingwhenhearrives.4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Crazy. B.Surprised. C.Tired.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Oh,wow.Whatareyoudoinghere?W:Happybirthday,Tony.Comeinandjointheparty.M:Isthisforme?Youpeoplearecrazy.Ihadnoidea.Whoorganizedthis?5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Shopkeeperandcustomer.B.Motherandson.C.Brotherandsister.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:There’snopriceonthisproduct.M:Oh,mylittleboymusthaveputthatinmybasket.Justignoreit.W:OK.Ihavealittlebrotherwhosometimesdoesthingslikethat…It’s￡10.60.M:Here’sthemoney.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Gettingsomevegetablesfromtheman.B.Askingthemantosellhisland.C.Workingonherfarm.7.Howlonghasthemanworkedinthisplace?A.For60years. B.For40years. C.For20years.【答案】6.B7.B【解析】【原文】M:Myfamilyhaslivedonthisfarmforgenerations.There’snowaywecouldsellittoanyone.W:Iunderstand.Butmycompanyconsidersthisfarm’slocationveryvaluable.Here’sourofficialoffer.M:I’msorry.I’msureyourlanddevelopingcompanyhasbigplansforthisarea,butthisfarmismybirthplace,andI’veworkedheresinceIwas20yearsold.NowI’m60yearsold.Ithasbecomeapartofmylife.W:Noworries.Anyway,Mr.Jenkins,it’sbeenapleasure.Ourofferwillremainforthenexttenyears.Ifyouchangeyourmind,givemeacall.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatproblemdoesthewomanhave?A.Sheisalittledeaf.B.Hergrandpaisill.C.Shecan’treachsomeone.9.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.TextGrandpa. B.VisitGrandpa. C.TakeGrandpatothehospital.10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome. B.Inanoffice. C.Inarestaurant.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【解析】【原文】W:IkeepcallingGrandpabuthedoesn’tanswer.I’velefttwovoicemessages.Iworryabouthimbeingalone.Ijustwanttomakesurehe’sOK.M:I’msurehe’sfine.He’sprobablybeenbusy—andheisalittledeaf.Whydon’tyoutrygoingtohishouse?It’snottoofarfromwhereyouwork.W:Goodidea,honey.IcouldtakebacktohimallthosebooksIborrowedfromhimaswell.M:Yes,thenyoucanfindouthowheisfeelingwithoutlettinghimknowyou’reworriedabouthim.W:I’llgotomorrowafterwork.Ihavetogetthosebookstogetherandputthemintheboxunderthetablenow.M:OKletmehelpyouandthenwecanpreparedinnertogether.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】11.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toarrangeacarservice.B.Tofindoutaprice.C.Tobuyacar.12.WhatistheoriginalpriceofaSuperTune?A.$100. B.$80. C.$50.13.Howwillthewomangettheinformation?A.Bycheckingtheemail.B.Byspeakingtoanexpert.C.Bymeetingthemaninperson.【答案】11.A12.A13.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Mrs.Green?W:Yes?M:ThisisMarkBlackburnatCentralMotors.Lookingthroughourcustomerrecords,Iseethatyourcarisduetobeserviced.I’mjustcallingtoaskifyou’dliketobookitinwithus.W:Isitthattimealready?Itdoesn’tseemlikeayearsincethelastone.M:Timeflies.W:OK.Well,IsupposeIshould—nextMondaymorning,ifpossible.Myhusbandcangowithmethen.M:Right,that’sfine.WouldyoualsobeinterestedinaSupertunetomakesureyourcarcanrunaswellaspossible?It’shalfprice—just￡50—thismonth.W:Couldyouletmeseesomeinformationaboutthat?I’mnotanexpertoncars.M:OK,Ihaveyouremailaddress.I’llsendittoyouassoonaspossible.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】14.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Ameeting.B.Changingadate.C.Themanspeaker’sschedule.15.WhoisfromtheParentTeacherAssociation?A.Grace. B.Polly. C.Karen.16.Whatwillthemanspeakerdoat3:00p.m.today?A.Pickuphissuit.B.MeetJohnCarroll.C.Talktoscienceteachers.17Whatcanwelearnaboutthemanspeaker?A.Hedoesn’tlikecoffee.B.HewillsendalettertoGrace.C.Hewillgiveaninterviewthismorning.【答案】14.C15.A16.C17.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,Mr.Conway.JohnCarrollrangthismorning.Youremember,Polly’sfather?M:Yes,Iremember.W:Heaskedifhecouldchangethetimeofhismeetingwithyoufromthisafternoonto8:00a.m.tomorrow.Also,GracefromtheParentTeacherAssociationwantstohaveawordwithyouaboutsomething.She’sleftanenvelopeonyourdesk—thebigbrownone.M:Iwonderwhatthat’sabout.W:Shedidn’tsay.M:GoaheadandmovethemeetingwithMr.Carrolltotomorrow.Then,couldyoumessageallthescienceteachers,andtellthemI’dliketotalktothemat3o’clockthisafternoon?W:OK,Mr.Conway.Also,don’tforgetyouwillgiveaninterviewthismorning.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffeenow?M:Coffeewouldbegreat,Karen.W:Noproblem.M:Thankyou.Thatremindsme.Couldyoupleasecallmywifeandaskifmygreysuitisbackfromthedrycleaners?Ineedtowearittonight.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】18.Whathappenedwhenthespeakerwas10yearsold?A.Hebecameaninternationalstar.B.Hisfatherfailedinhisbusiness.C.Histoyswerestolen.19.Whatisthespeakerprobably?A.Abusinessman.B.Aneducator.C.Anactor.20.Whoisthespeaker’sorganizationfor?A.Lessluckyparents.B.Sickstudents.C.Poorchildren.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】M:WhenIwas10yearsold,mydadwentbrokeandlosthisbusiness.IrememberonedaywhenIenteredourhouse,Ifoundallthefurniturewasgone,thecarwasgone,andevenmytoysweregone.Onthatbadday,itseemedlikemywholelifehadchanged.Someyearslater,myparentstookmetoapark,whereIsawsomechildrenwithnoparentsandnohomes.Thatmadeabigimpression.Whenmysecondmoviewasahitaroundtheworldandsuddenly,Ibecameaninternationalstar,Idecidedtoestablishacharityorganizationforpoorchildren,andI’vedonatedhalftheprofitfrommylasttwofilmstoit.Thecharity’saimistoprovidefoodandhigh-qualityeducationforchildrenhereandthroughouttheworld.Sofar,we’vehelpedmorethan5,000kidsandwehopetohelpmanymore.Ladiesandgentlemen,Itrulybelieveitisthedutyofsuccessfulpeopletohelpthosewhoarelesslucky.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThecoasthasalwayshadastrongappeal.Beingnearwatercanlowerstressandimprovewellbeing—afeelingmanytravellersarenowactivelyseeking.Thefollowingarefourcoastalactivitiesthatareworthatry.CoasteeringinAustraliaBornontherockyWelshcoastaround40yearsago,coasteering,whichcombines(融合)rockjumping,sea-cliffclimbingandwildlife-spotting,hassincegotwidespreadattentionworldwide.TheMargaretRiverareainWesternAustraliaisaperfectplaceforcoasteering.There,youcanhavefunonbeautifulbeaches,seetallrocksmadeofgranite(花崗巖),andfindlotsofanimalsintheocean.E-bikingtheShimanamiKaido,JapanAnelectricmotoristransformingtwo-wheeledadventures,makingclimbseffortlessandlongercoastalroadsmoreaccessible.Thislow-impact,high-rewardtravelstyleispopular.E-bikingyourwayalongtheShimanamiKaidoisthefinalcoastalescape,windingthroughpeacefulfishingvillageswithwhitesandybeachesandseafood-richrestaurants.Tide(潮汐)poolingintheOregoncoast,USAscoastalcommunitiesincreasinglyprioritize(優(yōu)先)theprotectionoftheirnaturalhabitats,educationaltourshavewonpopularity.Family-friendlytidepooltoursareamongthemostpopularexperiencesinregionsrichinsealife.TheroughOregoncoastlineishometooneofthePacificCoast’smostbiodiverseecosystems,whichoffersauniqueopportunitytoexploreintertidalecosystemsandobservetheattractiveoceancreaturesthatlivethere.KayakcampingintheStockholmArchipelago,SwedenIfyouareanadventurerseekingnewwaystotestyourcourage,kayakcampingmaybeanicesolution.TheStockholmArchipelagoismadeupofover30,000islandsintheBalticSea.Mostoftheseislandshavenopeoplelivingonthem.Peoplewholoveadventurecangokayakingandenjoythefreedomofmovingaround.Theycanalsocampinthewildandseethenaturalbeauty.21.Whatdothefirstandthirdactivitieshaveincommon?A.Theyinvolveclimbingtallrocksmadeofgranite.B.Theyoffervisitorschancestowatchoceanlives.C.Theyreceivegreatpopularityamongwealthyfamilies.D.Theyareespeciallytargetedatexperiencedadventurers.22.Whichofthefollowingactivitiescanallowtravellerstoenjoyseafood?A.CoasteeringinAustralia.B.TidepoolingintheOregoncoast,US.C.E-bikingtheShimanamiKaido,Japan.D.KayakcampingintheStockholmArchipelago,Sweden.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Adiary. B.Ageographybook.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Aguidebook.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了四個值得一試的沿?；顒?，包括每個活動的起源、特色以及適合的人群等?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個活動“CoasteeringinAustralia”部分中的“There,youcanhavefunonbeautifulbeaches,seetallrocksmadeofgranite(花崗巖),andfindlotsofanimalsintheocean.(在那里，你可以在美麗的海灘上盡情游玩，觀賞由花崗巖構成的高聳巖石，還能在海洋中發(fā)現(xiàn)許多動物)”可知，在澳大利亞的海岸攀巖活動中，游客可以在海洋中發(fā)現(xiàn)很多動物；根據(jù)第三個活動“Tide(潮汐)poolingintheOregoncoast,US”部分中的“TheroughOregoncoastlineishometooneofthePacificCoast’smostbiodiverseecosystems,whichoffersauniqueopportunitytoexploreintertidalecosystemsandobservetheattractiveoceancreaturesthatlivethere.(俄勒岡州崎嶇的海岸線是太平洋沿岸生物多樣性最豐富的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之一，這里為探索潮間帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和觀察生活在那里的迷人海洋生物提供了獨特的機會)”可知，在美國俄勒岡海岸的潮汐池活動中，游客有機會觀察生活在那里的海洋生物，由此可見，第一個和第三個活動的共同之處在于它們都為游客提供了觀賞海洋生物的機會。故選B項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個活動“E-bikingtheShimanamiKaido,Japan”部分中的“E-bikingyourwayalongtheShimanamiKaidoisthefinalcoastalescape,windingthroughpeacefulfishingvillageswithwhitesandybeachesandseafood-richrestaurants.(沿著日本島波海道騎行電動自行車，是一場終極的海岸逃離之旅——沿途蜿蜒穿過寧靜的漁村，那里有潔白的沙灘和供應豐富海鮮的餐廳)”可知，沿著日本的島波海道騎行，會經(jīng)過擁有白色沙灘和供應豐富海鮮的餐廳的寧靜漁村，因此，游客在這個活動中可以享用海鮮。故選C項。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章首段“Thecoasthasalwayshadastrongappeal.Beingnearwatercanlowerstressandimprovewellbeing—afeelingmanytravellersarenowactivelyseeking.Thefollowingarefourcoastalactivitiesthatareworthatry.(海岸一直有著強大的吸引力?？拷蚩梢跃徑鈮毫?、改善健康狀況——這是如今許多旅行者積極追尋的感受。以下是四個值得一試的海濱活動)”以及全文內容可知，文章開篇指出海岸對旅行者的吸引力，依次介紹了四個適合旅行者的沿?；顒?，包括每個活動的特色、適合的地點等內容，旨在向讀者推薦這些活動，具有很強的指導性和實用性，這種內容通常會出現(xiàn)在旅游指南中。故選D項。BGermanSinologistMartinWoesler,whohasdevotedyearstoChineseliterature,recentlyvisitedDunhuang,ahistoricSilkRoadcityinGansuProvince,China.Histrip,partofattendingthemeeting—theFourthDialogueonExchangesAmongCivilizations(文明),becameanunforgettableculturaldiscovery.Beforehand,WoeslerhadlearnedDunhuang’sroleasadesertoasis(綠洲),atreasurehouseofart,andcrossroadsofSilkRoadcultures.Yetseeingitfirsthandamazedhim.StandinginfrontoftheMogaoGrottoes,hewasattractedbythemixedculturesinCave285.There,GreekgodsApolloandDiana,ChinesestoriesaboutFuxiandNyuwa,IndianBuddhistflyingfigures,andDaoistimmortalbeingsallappeartogetherinfrescoes(壁畫).“Differenttraditionscometogetherheretomakea1,000-year-oldwonder,”hesaid,amazedbyDunhuang’sspiritofinclusiveness.Woesler’sjourneywithChineseculturebegan38yearsagoinhishometownofMünster,Germany,whenaChinesepoematapoetryreadingawakenedhiscuriosity.HedevotedhimselftonarrowingtheculturalgapbetweenChinaandGermany.ThenhestudiedatPekingUniversityandspentoverthirtyyearsinChina.Asatranslatorandeducator,helaunchedworkshopstopromoteChineseliteratureinGermany,aimingtoaddresstheimbalanceinculturaltranslation—wherefarfewerChineseworksreachGermanreaderscomparedtoforeignonesinChinese.Dunhuang’sexperiencealsoinspiredhisthoughtsondigital-agedialogue.Hebelievestechnologieslikedigitalprotectionandvirtual(虛擬的)exhibitionscanmakeancienttreasuresaccessible,helpingpeoplewelcomedifferenceswithopenness.“Wecanachievewin-winprogressonlybylearningfromeachother,”henotes,stressinghowDunhuang’sage-oldwisdomholdsthekeytomodernglobalharmony.Ashistripended,Woeslercarriedawaymorethanmemories—hegotrenewedconfidenceinthepowerofcivilizationaldialogue.“Dunhuangisnotjustaplace;it’salessoninhowdiversitycancreatesomethingtimeless,”heconcludes,hopingitsspiritwillguidemoderneffortstobuildamoreconnectedworld.24.WhydidWoeslervisitDunhuang?A.ToexploretheancientSilkRoad.B.Totakepartinaculturalexchangeactivity.C.TostudytheroleofDunhuangasadesertoasis.D.TolaunchculturalworkshopsonChineseliterature.25.WhatimpressedWoeslerinCave285?A.ThemysteryofChinesestories.B.Thelargercollectionofforeignartworks.C.Thepeacefulcoexistenceofdiversecultures.D.Theadvanceddigitalprotectiontechnologiesapplied.26.WhatdidWoeslerdotobridgeChina-Germanculturaldivides?A.HetranslatedGermanliteratureintoChinese.B.HepromotedChineseliteratureinGermany.C.HesetupartworkshopsinPekingUniversity.D.HeteamedwitheducatorstoexploreChineseculture.27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheHistoryoftheSilkRoadArtTreasuresB.DigitalTechnology:RenewingAncientDunhuangC.AJourneytoDunhuang:DiscoveringCulturalMixD.MartinWoesler’sLifelongStudyofChineseCulture【答案】24.B25.C26.B27.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了德國漢學家MartinWoesler的敦煌之旅及他對當?shù)匚幕诤系母形??！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Histrip,partofattendingthemeeting—theFourthDialogueonExchangesAmongCivilizations,becameanunforgettableculturaldiscovery.(他的這次旅行是參加第四屆文明交流對話會的一部分，成了一次難忘的文化發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知，Woesler訪問敦煌是為了參加一項文化交流活動。故選B?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“There,GreekgodsApolloandDiana,ChinesestoriesaboutFuxiandNyuwa,IndianBuddhistflyingfigures,andDaoistimmortalbeingsallappeartogetherinfrescoes(壁畫).“Differenttraditionscometogetherheretomakea1,000-year-oldwonder,”hesaid,amazedbyDunhuang’sspiritofinclusiveness.(在那里，希臘神阿波羅和狄安娜、中國伏羲和女媧的故事、印度佛教飛天以及道教神仙都一起出現(xiàn)在壁畫中?！安煌膫鹘y(tǒng)在這里匯聚，創(chuàng)造了一個有著1000年歷史的奇跡，”他說，對敦煌的包容精神感到驚訝)”可知，Woesler在285窟被壁畫中希臘神祇、中國傳說人物等不同文化形象的共存所吸引，體現(xiàn)了多元文化的和諧交融。故選C。【26題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Asatranslatorandeducator,helaunchedworkshopstopromoteChineseliteratureinGermany,aimingtoaddresstheimbalanceinculturaltranslation—wherefarfewerChineseworksreachGermanreaderscomparedtoforeignonesinChinese.(作為一名翻譯家和教育家，他在德國開設了推廣中國文學的研討會，旨在解決文化翻譯的不平衡問題——與外國作品進入中國相比，進入德國讀者視野的中國作品要少得多)”可知，Woesler通過在德國舉辦工作坊推廣中國文學來彌合中德兩國的文化隔閡。故選B?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。結合第一段“GermanSinologistMartinWoesler,whohasdevotedyearstoChineseliterature,recentlyvisitedDunhuang,ahistoricSilkRoadcityinGansuProvince,China.Histrip,partofattendingthemeeting—theFourthDialogueonExchangesAmongCivilizations,becameanunforgettableculturaldiscovery.(德國漢學家MartinWoesler致力于中國文學研究多年，最近訪問了中國甘肅省的歷史名城敦煌。他的這次旅行是參加第四屆文明交流對話會議的一部分，成為了一次難忘的文化發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅)”可知，文章主要圍繞Woesler的敦煌之旅以及他在敦煌發(fā)現(xiàn)的文化融合展開。選項C“AJourneytoDunhuang:DiscoveringCulturalMix(敦煌之旅：發(fā)現(xiàn)文化融合)”涵蓋“旅程”和“文化和諧”兩大核心，最貼合主旨，適合作為文章的標題。故選C。CImaginearobot.Whatdoyousee?Astrong,metalmachinemadetobestrongerthanlivingthings?Butthisqualitynowcausesabigproblem:toomuche-wasteonEarth.Whatif,instead,ourincreasinglycommonmachinesweredesignedtodisappearnaturally—likelifedoes?ForastudyinScienceAdvances,researchersmadearoboticarm,andacontrollertooperateit,fromporkgelatin(明膠)andplantfibre(纖維素)—materialstoughenoughtoworkyeteasytobreakdowninbackyardcompost(堆肥).Aftertesting,bothstructuresbrokeapartinsoilwithinweeks.Eco-friendlyroboticsoftenfallsunderthegroupofsoftrobotics,whichtakesinspirationfromnature’smoreflexiblecreations.“Unliketraditionalrobots,theycamefrommaterialsscienceandchemistryratherthanmechanicalengineering,”saysmaterialsscientistFlorianHartmannoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,Germany.Butmanyearlysoftroboticsdesignsdependedonman-madeplasticsthatremainaspollution.PingdongWei,ascientistworkingwithnaturalmaterialsatWestlakeUniversityinHangzhou,workedtogetherwithhisfriendZhuangZhang,aroboticsengineernowatFudanUniversityinShanghai,tomakerobotsforthenewstudy.Weihaslongbeeninterestedinrobotics,Zhangrecalls,andsuggestedcreatingarobothimself.“That’swhenIthought,‘Whynotusethematerialsheworkswithtobuildone?”Theystartedwithfibrelayers(層)fromcotton,thenaddedasofteningmaterialforflexibilityanddriedthelayersforstrength.“Plantfibreisalsocheapandeasytoputtogether,”Weisays.WeiandZhangimaginerobotslikethesedealingwithharmfulwasteandthenbreakingdown;theyalsosuggestrobotsthathelpwithsurgeryandthensafelybreakdowninsidethebody.Butit’simportanttonotethatthetechnologyisinveryearlystages.“Ifwetrulywanttohaveasustainable(可持續(xù)的)robotthatworksinnature,”Hartmannsays,“wealsoneedtothinkofelectronicsorpowersupplies,orevenbatteries,thatcanbreakdown.”28.Whatmaterialsarethenewroboticarmandcontrollermainlymadefrom?A.Porkgelatinandplantfibre.B.Cottonandmetal.C.Metalandman-madeplastics.D.Electronicdevicesandplantfibre.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Earlysoftroboticswascompletelyenvironment-friendly.B.Softroboticsandtraditionalroboticssharethesameorigin.C.Thenewrobot’smaterialsarefrommechanicalengineering.D.Traditionalrobotsmainlycamefrommechanicalengineering.30.WhatdoHartmann’swordsinthelastparagraphimply?A.It’snecessarytouseasfewelectronicsaspossible.B.There’sstillalongwaytogotoproducesustainablerobots.C.Futurerobotsshouldbemadetoadapttovarioussituations.D.Currentbatteriesaren’tpowerfulenoughtosupporttherobots.31Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Softroboticsisinspiredbynature’sflexiblecreations.B.Electronicdevicesinrobotsneedtobemoresustainable.C.Theseriouse-wastepollutioncausedbytraditionalrobots.D.Thedevelopmentofeco-friendlyrobotsandtheirpotentialuses.【答案】28.A29.D30.B31.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家研發(fā)出可自然降解的環(huán)保機器人及其潛在應用和挑戰(zhàn)。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ForastudyinScienceAdvances,researchersmadearoboticarm,andacontrollertooperateit,fromporkgelatinandplantfibre—materialstoughenoughtoworkyeteasytobreakdowninbackyardcompost.(在《科學進展》的一項研究中，研究人員用豬肉明膠和植物纖維制作了一個機械臂和一個控制它的控制器——這些材料足夠堅固，可以工作，但在后院堆肥中很容易分解)”可知，新的機械臂和控制器主要由豬肉明膠和植物纖維制成。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Unliketraditionalrobots,theycamefrommaterialsscienceandchemistryratherthanmechanicalengineering(與傳統(tǒng)機器人不同，它們來自材料科學和化學，而不是機械工程)”可知，傳統(tǒng)機器人主要來自機械工程。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butit’simportanttonotethatthetechnologyisinveryearlystages.“Ifwetrulywanttohaveasustainablerobotthatworksinnature,”Hartmannsays,“wealsoneedtothinkofelectronicsorpowersupplies,orevenbatteries,thatcanbreakdown.”(但值得注意的是，這項技術還處于非常早期的階段。哈特曼說:“如果我們真的想要一個能在自然界中工作的可持續(xù)機器人，我們還需要考慮可以分解的電子設備或電源，甚至是電池)”可知，哈特曼的話暗示了要生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)的機器人還有很長的路要走。故選B。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了科學家研發(fā)出可自然降解的環(huán)保機器人及其潛在應用和挑戰(zhàn)。故選D。DSeveredystrophicepidermolysisbullosa,orEB,isararegenetic(基因的)diseaseaffectingoneinevery500,000people.ThosewithEBlackanormalprotein,calledcollagenVII,whichholdsskintogether.Evenalighttouchcancausepainfulwoundsthatnevergetbetter.ThosewithEBmustbecoveredfromheadtotoetoprotecttheirskin.That’swhytheyarecalled“butterflychildren”—theirskinisasweakasbutterflywings.AtreatmentdevelopedatStanfordMedicineskingrafts(移植),cantreatthoselarge,openwounds.Geneticallyengineeredfromapatient’sowncells(細胞),thegraftsweresupportedasanEBtreatmentonApril29bytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.Tocreateskinsheetsforeachpatient,doctorsfirsttakeasmallpartfromtheirunwoundedskin.Theninthelab,theyintroduceacorrectedversion(變體)ofthecollagenVIIgene,COL7A1,totheseskincells.Thechangedcellsgrowintocreditcard-sizedskinsheetsoverabout25days.Patientsthenvisitthehospital,wheredoctorsputtheselab-grownskingraftsontotheirwounds.Theystayhospitalizedforroughlyoneweektorecover.Sincethegraftsaremadefromthepatient’sownskincells,theycontainmatchingimmunemarkers.Thispreventsthebodyfromrejecting(排斥)thenewskin.Thiswholeprocessusesgeneengineeringandpersonalizedcaretotreatseriousskininjuries.“I’msuperchuffed,”saidJeanTang,adermatologist,notingthatthegraftsaretheproductofmorethan20yearsofStanfordMedicineresearch.“WhowouldhavethoughtthatanexperimentinaStanfordlabwouldleadtoanexcellentpersonalizedtreatmentforEBpatients?Peopleinourclinicalteststoldmehowmuchtheirlivesweretakenupbythesepainfulwounds.Now,withoutthatpain,theyfeelfree.Theirwoundsstayhealthy,andtheydon’thavetowearasmanycovers.Theycanattendschoolanddoothereverydayactivitiesmoreeasily.”32.WhatcausestheprobleminEBpatients?A.Sensitivereactionstoproteins.B.Weakimmunesystems.C.Thepoorabilitytotakeinnutrition.D.Alackofacertainprotein.33.Whatcanweknowaboutthenewskingrafttreatment?A.Itiseasyforresearcherstopreparethegrafts.B.ItneedstoputcollagenVIIproteindirectlyontowounds.C.Itusesthepatient’sownskincellswithacorrectedgene.D.Itrequirespatientstotakemedicinesforlongafterthetreatment.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chuffed”meaninparagraph5?A.Excited. B.Anxious.C.Addicted. D.Responsible.35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.TodescribeagroundbreakingtreatmentforEBusinggenes.B.ToshowthefeaturesofEBanditsimpactonpatients.C.Tocallformorefundingforspecialdiseaseresearch.D.Tocomparedifferenttreatmentsforskindisorders.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型基因工程皮膚移植技術及其對大皰性表皮松懈癥患者的重大意義?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ThosewithEBlackanormalprotein,calledcollagenVII,whichholdsskintogether.(EB患者缺乏一種叫做VII型膠原蛋白的正常蛋白質，這種蛋白質能將皮膚粘合在一起。)”可知，缺乏特定蛋白質(collagenVII)導致了他們的問題出現(xiàn)。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Geneticallyengineeredfromapatient’sowncells(細胞),thegraftsweresupportedasanEBtreatmentonApril29bytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.(4月29日，美國食品和藥物管理局支持用患者自身細胞進行基因工程改造的移植物作為EB治療方法。)”和第三段“Theninthelab,theyintroduceacorrectedversion(變體)ofthecollagenVIIgene,COL7A1,totheseskincells.(然后在實驗室中，他們將膠原蛋白VII基因COL7A1的修正版本引入到這些皮膚細胞中。)”可知，該療法利用患者自身細胞，并對膠原蛋白Ⅶ進行修正后用于治療。故選C。【34題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該詞后面的“WhowouldhavethoughtthatanexperimentinaStanfordlabwouldleadtoanexcellentpersonalizedtreatmentforEBpatients?(誰會想到斯坦福實驗室的一項實驗會為EB患者帶來一種出色的個性化治療？)”及下文的語境可知，斯坦福實驗室的一項實驗為EB患者帶來一種極好的個性化治療是沒有預料到的，因此推斷，皮膚科醫(yī)生珍·唐很興奮，所以劃線詞chuffed與excited同義。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AtreatmentdevelopedatStanfordMedicine,skingrafts(移植),cantreatthoselarge,openwounds.(斯坦福大學醫(yī)學院開發(fā)的一種治療方法，即皮膚移植，可以治療這些巨大的開放性傷口。)”及全文可知，文章重點介紹斯坦福大學研發(fā)的基因工程皮膚移植技術，包括其原理、操作流程和療效，屬于對突破性療法的描述。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Cookingisamongthemostimportantskillsyoushouldteachyourteens.____36____Hereareseveralwaystohelpthemgetstartedontheircookingjourney.Createopportunitiesforindependenceinthekitchen.Teenagersmaysometimeshesitatetolearnhowtocookbecausetheyfearmakingmistakes,suchasovercookingfood.____37____Bygivingthemsimpletaskslikebeatingeggs,youcanbuildtheirconfidenceinthekitchenbygivingthemopportunitiestobeindependentwithminimaladultsupervision(監(jiān)督).Encourageteenstolookforrecipes.____38____Inspirethemtoseekoutrecipesthatareeasy-to-followandalsosatisfythefamily’snutritionalneedsandtastepreferences.Insomecases,therecipesthatinterestthemmayrequirecookware(炊具)thatyoudon’thave,however,whichmeansyoumighthavetoconsiderbuyingsomenewequipment.____39____Insteadofsimplydoingthegroceryshoppingandmenuonyourown,havesomeconversationaboutwhichmealstheycanmakebasedontheirskilllevelandnutritionalneeds.Thismayalsopresentanopportunitytoteachthemaboutotherlifeskillslikebudgeting(做預算).Introducethemtodifferentfoods.Whetheryoudevotecertaindaystocookingfoodsfromotherculturesortakethemtorestaurantswithvariousmenus,theymaybeencouragedtolearnmoreaboutdifferentflavorsandaromas(香味)andhowthesecanbeachievedthroughcooking.____40____Learningcookingskillsisajourneythatrequiresyoursupportandtrustalongtheway,sodon’tbeafraidtorecognizetheiraccomplishments.A.Involvetheminmealplanning.B.Letthemcookentirelyontheirown.C.Thisiswhereyourroleasaparentcomesintoplay.D.Anotherhelpfulwayistoletthemmakethefoodstheyenjoy.E.Parentsshouldexplaincookingtechniquesbeforelettingteenstry.F.Itcanequipthemwithvaluablelifeskillsandencouragehealthyeatingattitudes.G.Teachingthemfood’sculturalrootsalsodevelopsdeeperappreciationforfoodpreparation.【答案】36.F37.C38.D39.